1、返回目录 Body language Unit 4 返回目录 Section Grammar现在分词形式作状语返回目录 课堂要点精析课末随堂演练目录Contents 返回目录 课堂要点精析一、现在分词作状语的用法现在分词(短语)在句中作状语来修饰谓语动词或整个句子，表示时间、原因、条件、结果、方式、让步或伴随等。返回目录【提示】当表示正在进行的动作时，可直接在分词前面加上when/while，此时也可理解为状语从句的省略。1作时间状语(相当于一个时间状语从句)Walking in the park,she saw an old friend.When/While(she was)walking
2、 in the park,she saw an old friend.当她在公园里散步时，她遇见了一个老朋友。返回目录 2作原因状语(一般可转换成由 as 或 because 引导的原因状语从句)Being ill,he couldnt go to school.As/Because he was ill,he couldnt go to school.因为生病了，他无法去上学。返回目录 3作条件状语(一般可转换成由 if,unless 引导的条件状语从句)Working hard,youll make great progress.If you work hard,youll make gr
3、eat progress.如果你努力工作，你将取得很大进步。返回目录 4作结果状语现在分词作结果状语时，通常放在句末，中间用逗号隔开，表示顺其自然、意料之中的结果。The plate dropped from her hands,breaking into pieces.盘子从她手中掉了下来，摔成了碎片。返回目录【提示】现在分词作结果状语，是随着谓语动词动作的发生而产生的自然结果，其逻辑主语往往是前面整个句子所描述的情况，现在分词前面有时候可以加 thus。而不定式作结果状语时常表示出乎意料的结果，有时前面可以加 only。试比较：He was caught in the rain,thus
4、making himself catch a cold.淋雨后他感冒了。I hurried to school,only to find it was Sunday.我匆忙赶到学校，结果发现是星期天。返回目录 5.作让步、方式和伴随状语现在分词作让步、方式和伴随状语时，说明动作发生的背景和情况。作伴随状语时，表示分词动作和主句动作同时发生，此时可转换成并列句。Mary sat by the window of the classroom,reading a book.Mary sat by the window of the classroom and was reading a book.M
5、ary 坐在教室的窗边读书。返回目录【提示】为强调现在分词形式表达的意义，可在其前加上各种连词。例如，加上 when,while，强调与谓语动词动作同时发生；加上 before,after，强调动作先后发生；加上 thus，强调结果；加上 though/although，强调让步等。Though knowing all this,they made me pay for the damage.尽管他们了解这一切，但还是让我赔偿损失。返回目录 6作评注性状语有些惯用的现在分词形式在句中可以没有逻辑主语而独立存在，表明说话者的态度、观点等。常见的有：generally speaking 一般来说；
6、strictly speaking 严格来说；frankly/honestly speaking 坦白地/老实地说；judging from/by 根据判断；considering考虑到；seeing 因为，由于等。Judging from his face on which there was a confident smile,we knew that he didnt lose heart.从他带着自信笑容的脸上，我们知道他没有灰心。返回目录 二、现在分词作状语的注意事项1现在分词的时态现在分词作状语时，要注意分词的时间性，是用现在分词的一般式(doing)，还是用完成式(having
7、done)。(1)当现在分词动作与谓语动词动作同时发生时，用分词的一般式。Walking in the street,I met an old friend of mine.我正在大街上行走时，遇到了一位老朋友。(walking 和谓语动作 met 同时发生)返回目录(2)当现在分词动作先发生，而谓语动词动作后发生时，用分词的完成式。Having finished the letter,he went to post it.他写完信后就把它寄了出去。(having finished 是先发生的，went 是后发生的)返回目录 2现在分词的语态使用现在分词的主动式还是被动式，这主要取决于现在分词
8、和句子的主语之间的关系，句子的主语通常是分词的逻辑主语。Having been shown around the factory,they were very happy.(现在分词的被动式)被带领着参观了工厂后，他们很高兴。返回目录 Having finished his homework,he went to bed.(现在分词的主动式)完成了作业后，他上床睡觉了。返回目录 3现在分词的否定式现在分词的否定式一般直接在前面加 not。Not knowing this,he didnt come.他不知道这件事，所以没来。Not having made full preparations,w
9、e put off the sports meeting.因为没有做好充分的准备，我们把运动会延期了。返回目录 4独立主格现在分词形式作状语，有时它也可以有自己独立的主语，这种结构称为独立主格结构，通常用来表示伴随的动作或情况，也可以表示时间、原因或条件。The trees are extremely tall,some measuring over 90 metres.那些树非常高，其中一些测量为 90 多米。The weather being fine,we went out for a walk.由于天气好，我们去散步了。返回目录.单句语法填空1 Hehasgivenusmanytele
10、phonecalls,_(convince)us of his honesty anddetermination.解析 句意：他给我们打了很多电话，让我们相信他的真诚和决心。课末随堂演练convincing 返回目录 2Weatherregulation_(permit),I will go with you.3(2019 北京卷)Nervously _(face)challenges,I know I will whisper to myself the twosimple words“Be yourself”permitting facing 返回目录 4Pressedfromhispar
11、ents,and_(realize)that he has wasted too muchtime,the boy is determined to stop playing video games.解析 句意：来自他父母的压力以及他意识到自己已经浪费了太多的时间，于是男孩决定停止玩电子游戏。5Herhusbanddiedlastyear,_(leave)her with three children.解析 句意：她的丈夫去年去世了，留下她和三个realizing leaving 返回目录 6_(try)the Chinese food,we felt amazed at the delici
12、ous dishes.7_(smell)sweet,the flowers inthe botanical garden attract thousands of visitors everyyear.解析 句意：由于闻起来很香，植物园里的花每年都吸引成千上万的参观者。8 (2018 全 国 卷 改 编)Chinas approach toprotecting its environment while _(feed)Having tried Smelling feeding 返回目录 9_(date)back to the Tang Dynasty,the old tower has att
13、racted millions of tourists all overthe world.解析 句意：这座古塔可追溯至唐代，它吸引了来自世界各地的几百万游客。10Not_(hear)from him,she decided to write another letter.Dating having heard 返回目录.句型转换1When she turned around,she saw a car drivingup._，she saw a car drivingup.2John watched curiously,and thought that thewoman seemed a l
14、ittle crazy.Johnwatchedcuriously,.Turning around thinking that the woman seemed a little crazy Being ill 返回目录 4As John was away,Tom had to do the work._，Tom had to do thework.5Because he didnt know what to do,he came tohis father for help._，he came tohis father for help.6As it is Sunday,we neednt go
15、 to school._，we neednt go toJohn being away Not knowing what to do It being Sunday 返回目录 7Newlybuilt wooden cottages line the street,and the old town was turned into a dreamland.Newlybuilt wooden cottages line the street,_.8Steve managed to finish his report on scheduleafter he worked for two days._，
16、Stevemanaged to finish his report on schedule.turning the old town into a dreamland Having worked for two days 返回目录.语法与写作1一般来说，女生学习英语比男生容易。_，the girls learnEnglish more easily than the boys.2由于教室里没有老师，学生们开始自由交谈。_intheclassroom,the pupils began to talk freely.3尽管尝试了多次，他仍未成功。，he still couldntGenerally
17、 speaking There being no teacher Having tried many times 返回目录 4我站在门旁，不敢说一句话。Istoodbythedoor,_.5(2019全国卷)听说当地城市要举办一场中国画展，所以我写信申请成为你们团队的一名志愿者。I am writing to apply to be a volunteer of your team,_ in this local city.not daring to say a word having heard that a Chinese Painting Exhibition will be held