1、Section 写作园地 |概要写作灾难事件对应写作新题型大突破P20本单元的写作任务是概要写作中的“灾难事件”主题。概要写作是阅读理解和书面表达的沟通桥梁。概要写作考查的是学生在实现自由的思维表达之前，对他人的信息在充分理解的基础上进行大意表达的能力。进行概要写作的短文的体裁一般以说明文和议论文为主。一、解题步骤概要写作一般遵循以下三个解题步骤：1读懂原文，抓住大意。2定位主题句，找到关键。3组织语言，转换表达。二、注意事项1概要应包括原文中的主要事实，略去不必要的细节。2安排好篇幅的比例，同原文保持协调。3注意两点之间的衔接，用适当的关联词语贯通全文。4不排斥用原文的某些词句，但不要照搬原
2、文的句子；可对原文句子做一些同义替换。5计算词数，注意是否符合规定的词数要求。一、描写事物的性质或功用In the passage, the writer introduces . (对象) to us, especially its . (性质或功用), from which we know . (对象带来的好处)二、问题解决方法The passage represents . (问题) and brings forth several measures/methods to solve the problem, which includes . (方法1) . (方法2) . (方法3)三
3、、现象原因/本质The writer/author represents/introduces . of . , because . (原因1) . (原因2)四、灾难事件常用表达1Nowadays there have been frequent natural disasters, such as floods, droughts, mudrock flows, earthquakes, windstorms and the stretching of new deserts. They have destroyed countless homes, and wiped out numer
4、ous pieces of fertile land.当下，自然灾害频发，如洪水，干旱，泥石流，地震，风暴和新的沙漠延伸。它们摧毁了无数的房屋，摧毁了许多肥沃的土地。2More and more people become aware that those disasters have much to do with what we have done to the earth. 越来越多的人意识到这些灾害都与我们对地球所作所为有很大关系。3The natural disasters are mainly caused by human destruction. Deforestation c
5、auses the soil erosion; the chaos of sewage water cause the gradually poor water quality; the disorderly automobile exhaust causes the air pollution; improper disposal of waste causes the environment damage and so on. 自然灾害主要是人为破坏造成的。森林砍伐造成水土流失；污水乱排导致水质逐渐变差；汽车尾气乱排造成空气污染；垃圾处理不当造成环境破坏等。4In face of natu
6、ral disaster, we should timely forecast and do the preventive work.面对自然灾害，我们要及时进行预测，做好预防工作。5In case of emergencies and disasters we should keep our head and try to rely on ourselves to escape from the disasters.在紧急情况和发生灾难时，我们应该保持头脑清醒，尝试依靠自己逃离灾难。6After the disasters, instead of indulging oneself in s
7、adness, one should be positive of life and contribute to the reconstruction of the hometown.灾后，我们不要沉湎于悲伤之中，应该积极面对生活，为家乡的重建做出贡献。7We should unite together, build a sustainable and nature friendly society, making the world a better place.我们应该团结起来，建设一个可持续的、自然友好型社会，让世界变得更美好。8The earth is our only home. I
8、t is urgent for us to stop damaging it, and to do our best to protect it, for we have nowhere to go and survive except where we are now.地球是我们唯一的家园。因此，当务之急就是停止破坏它，并尽力保护它，因为除了我们现在生存的地方，我们已经无处可去。阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Speed is very important in avalanche (雪崩) rescues. There will be narrow chances to
9、 escape if a skier is buried for 30 minutes or more. Now that 30 minutes can mean the difference between life and death for a skier lost on a snowy mountain, most people would depend on lifesaving dogs.Noble works as a rescue team member in a vacation land, California. He tells us, “Dogs run fastest
10、 when an accident happens.” His partner Wylee, a lifesaving dog, can search an accident scene the size of a football field. It only needs 5 to 10 minutes. However, 5 rescue team members have to spend a couple of hours in the same area.Apart from its excellent speed, Noble chooses Wylee as his partne
11、r partly because it weighs only about half what other kinds of dogs weigh. Rescue team members have to carry their dogs to search sites in addition to carrying 60pound backpacks with food, water and other equipment. The dogs need the lift so that dont get tired before they start working.There arent
12、adequate data on how often dogs take part in avalanche searches or how often they are able to help local people in danger. But the dogs dont save that many people. Thats because there arent that many to save. A quarter of people in danger die from serious injuries before the snow stops moving. Of th
13、ose buried who werent killed by injuries, half die within 20 minutes. If there is a chance of rescue, though, the dogs also cut search time for the remains.Erica Mueller, a famous director, wanted to see how the lifesaving dogs worked, so she volunteered to spend part of an hour in a roomy snow cave
14、 waiting to be found. She was armed with a radio and was wearing several layers to stay warm. After being rescued by Wylee, she said, “I cant talk like a survivor, but it was definitely a cool way to see how well trained those dogs are.”精彩范文Lifesaving dogs are of vital importance and help in avalanc
15、he rescues due to their excellent speed. (要点1) In addition, another advantage of lifesaving dogs is their light weight. (要点2) Nonetheless, the number of people rescued was not large owing to serious injuries and limited time. (要点3) However, through an experiment, a famous director Erica Mueller, spo
16、ke highly of the lifesaving dogs in avalanche rescues. (要点4)总评该作文准确把握了文中的四个要点，无一遗漏或偏差，略去了不必要的细节信息。同时语法结构运用准确、词汇运用和同义词转换恰当丰富、语言概括精炼到位。亮点呈现(1)连接词运用准确恰当。要点1和要点2为并列关系，用In addition连接；要点2和要点3之间为转折关系，用Nonetheless连接；要点4和要点3之间也是转折关系，为避免重复，用However来表示转折。(2)采用同义替换、语义转换等进行灵活准确的表达。如用of vital importance替换very imp
17、ortant；将save改为rescue；用speak highly of来肯定搜救犬的表现。阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Natalie Doan, 14, has always felt lucky to live in Rockaway, New York. Living just a few blocks from the beach, Natalie can see the ocean and hear the wave from her house. “Its the ocean that makes Rockaway so special，” she say
18、s. On October 29, 2012, that ocean turned fierce. That night, Hurricane Sandy attacked the East Coast, and Rockaway was hit especially hard. Fortunately, Natalies family escaped to Brooklyn shortly before the citys bridge closed. When they returned to Rockaway the next day, they found their neighbor
19、hood in ruins. Many of Natalies friends had lost their homes and were living far away. All around her, people were suffering, especially the elderly. Natalies school was so damaged that she had to temporarily attend a school in Brooklyn. In the following few days, the men and women helping Rockaway
20、recover inspired Natalie. Volunteers came with carloads of donated clothing and toys. Neighbors devoted their spare time to helping others rebuild. Teenagers climbed dozens of flights of stairs to deliver water and food to elderly people trapped in powerless highrise buildings. “My mom tells me that
21、 I cant control what happens to me，” Natalie says, “but I can always choose how I deal with it.”Natalies choice was to help. She created a website page matching survivors in need with donors who wanted to help. Natalie posted introduction about a boy named Patrick, who lost his baseball card collect
22、ing when his house burned down. Within days, Patricks collection was replaced.In the coming months, her website page helped lots of kids: Christopher, who received a new basketball; Charlie, who got a new keyboard. Natalie also worked with other organizations to bring muchneed supplies to Rockaway.
23、Her efforts made her a famous person. Last April, she was invited to the White House and honored as a Hurricane Sandy Champion of Change.Today, the scars (疮痍) of destruction are still seen in Rockaway, but hope is in the air. The streets are clear, and many homes have been rebuilt. “I cant imagine living anywhere but Rockaway，” Natalie declares.“My neighborhood will be back, even stronger than before.”写前导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Natalie的家乡Rockaway遭受了飓风桑迪的侵袭以及灾后Natalie和当地居民对家乡重建所付出的努力。精彩范文