1、Section Grammar and usage 由关系代词引导的限制性定语从句探究发现1When I was an awkward primary school student, she was the popular girl who was willing to make friends with me.2I also had a friend whom I trusted a lot.3Then I got a call from a friend whom I hadnt contacted for a long time.4A collocation is a group of
2、words which commonly appear together.5A real friend is someone who walks in when the rest of the world walks out.6Social media like blogs have come between us and the friends whom we love.7A real friend is someone whose support we can count on.8A real friend is someone who sees our true self, not ju
3、st the face that we show to the world.9Yet these days, the modern tools that keep us connected are eating away at the meaning of friendship.10“Sharing” our experiences on social media is not enough to express the values which matter most to us.11“Liking” our friends photos online does not develop th
4、e connection which we share.我的发现(1)句1、句5、句8前半句中的定语从句中，都使用了关系代词who，在定语从句中作主语。(2)句2、句3、句6中的定语从句使用了关系代词whom，在定语从句中作宾语。此时，可用who替换。(3)句7中的定语从句使用了关系代词whose，在定语从句中作定语；关系代词whose既可以指人也可以指物。(4)句8后半句、句9中的定语从句使用了关系代词that。(5)句4、句10、句11中的定语从句使用了关系代词which，在定语从句中作主语和宾语。(6)从上面十一个句子可以看出，关系代词who/whom常用来指代人；关系代词which常用
5、来指代事物；关系代词that既可以指人也可以指物；关系代词whom只能用来表示人的宾格；关系代词whose用来表示人或物的所有格。 语法图解 单元语法一图贯通 语法突破 语境理解合作探究一、定语从句的定义1在主从复合句中，对某一名词、代词或名词短语起修饰作用的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词、代词或名词短语叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词。2关系词分为关系代词(that, which, who, whom, whose等)和关系副词(when, where, why)两类。二、关系代词的基本用法1who的用法观察The children who were injured in the car a
6、ccident are being treated in the hospital now.目前，在车祸中受伤的孩子们正在医院接受治疗。Danny was the man who we rescued from the ruins.丹尼是我们从废墟中救出来的那个人。归纳2whom的用法观察Rose is the person (who/whom) you should care about.罗丝是你应该关心的人。The boy (whom) the teacher often praises is their monitor.老师经常表扬的那个男孩是他们的班长。归纳3which的用法观察Gui
7、lin is a city which has a history of 2,000 years.桂林是座有2 000年历史的城市。The radio (which) he bought yesterday doesnt work now.他昨天买的那个收音机坏了。归纳4that的用法观察The number of people that/who come to visit this city each year reaches one million.每年来参观这座城市的人数达100万。The suitcase that/which lies on the ground is hers.地上
8、放的那个手提箱是她的。归纳that既可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可以省略。习惯上指人多用who/whom替代，指物多用which替代。即时演练1用适当的关系代词填空There is a film which/that Id like to see.The professor whom/who/that you wish to see has gone abroad.The woman whom/who/that you saw just now is our English teacher.This is the hotel which/that I stayed
9、 at when I was travelling here.The boys that/who are playing football are from Class One.The man who/that is talking with my father is a policeman.5whose的用法观察This is the scientist whose name is known all over the country.This is the scientist the name of whom is known all over the country.这就是那位闻名全国的
10、科学家。 He lives in a room whose window faces north.He lives in a room the window of which faces north.他住在一个窗子朝北的房间里。 归纳(1)whose既可指人也可指物，在从句中修饰名词作定语，相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格。(2)“whose名词”可以转化为“the名词of which/whom”， whose作前置定语，介词短语of which/whom作后置定语。即时演练2(1)用适当的关系代词填空I know the person whose house was destroyed in t
11、he earthquake.This is the building whose windows were all painted green.Please pass me the book the cover of which is green.(2)用定语从句合并句子Id like to take care of the child.Her mother died recently.Id like to take care of the child whose mother died recently.The woman is my mother.You are looking after
12、 her.The woman (that/who/whom) you are looking after is my mother.Last week Mary wore the dress.I gave it to her.Last week Mary wore the dress (that/which) I gave to her.名师点津(1)关系代词指代先行词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、定语或表语，因此定语从句中不能再出现关系代词所替代的名词或代词。(2)关系代词在从句中作主语时不能省略，作宾语时可以省略。(3)关系词有两个作用：引导定语从句；代替先行词并在其引导的定语从句中充当一定
13、的句子成分。因此理解概念，弄清楚关系词在定语从句中充当什么成分，是掌握定语从句的关键。三、关系词只能用that而不用which的情况观察Have you taken down everything that Mr Li said?李老师讲的你都记下来了吗？ All that can be done has been done.所有能做的都做了。The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.在伦敦他们参观的第一个地方是大本钟。 This is the most delicious food that I have ever
14、 had.这是我吃过的最美味的食物。Ive read all the books that I borrowed last week.我已经读了所有那些我上周借的书。The only thing that she could do was to go to the police for help.她唯一能做的事就是去求助警察。I have found the very pen that I lost yesterday.我已找到昨天丢的那支钢笔。We often talk about the persons and things that we remember.我们常常谈起我们记得的那些人和
15、事。 归纳关系词只能用that而不用which的情况主要有：(1)当先行词为all, little, few, some, none, something, everything, nothing, anything, much等不定代词时。(2)先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。(3)先行词被all, every, the only, the very, the last等修饰时。(4)当先行词既指人，又指物时。 即时演练3补全句子This is the most beautiful park that I have visited.这是我参观过的最漂亮的公园。She took photo
16、graphs of the things and people that she was interested in.她把她感兴趣的人和物都拍摄了下来。Chatting was the only thing that interested her most.聊天是她唯一最感兴趣的事。1count on依赖，依靠，指望(教材p.34)A real friend is someone whose support we can count on.真正的朋友是我们可以依靠的人。count v数数；把算入，包括；重要； 看作，认为n. 数量；计数count on/upon (depend/rely on
17、/upon) 依赖，依靠；指望count on sb to do sth 指望某人做某事count on it that . 指望(其中it为形式宾 语，that从句为真正的宾语)(经典佳句)We oppose ourselves counting on a lucky chance.我们反对单纯去碰运气。练透写出下列句中count的汉语意思She was counting her money with joy.数数If youre all going to the party, you can count me in.把算入Hurry up！Every minute now counts.重
18、要On the whole she counted herself as a fortunate wife.认为写美补全句子Being ill, my grandmother counted on my mother to care for her.我的奶奶病了，她指望我的妈妈去照顾她。You may count on it that the work will be finished ahead of time.你可以放心，这项工作将提前完成。2put down放下；写下；镇压(教材p.34)To make friends a real part of our lives, we shoul
19、d put down our smartphones and meet them in person.为了使朋友成为我们生活中真正的一部分，我们应该放下手机，亲自与他们见面。put aside忽视；储存备用put away 收起；储蓄put out 扑灭；出版put off 推迟put up 张贴(经典佳句)The professor put down his book and began to talk about the person he counted on.这位教授放下书，开始谈论起他信赖的那个人。练透介、副词填空We are trying to put aside/away som
20、e money every month for our vacation.A week before Earth Day, posters were put up around our school, calling upon us to join in the actions for a greener earth. In view of the bad weather, our journey to Lijiang had to be put off.It took the villagers about two hours to put out the big fire.写美补全句子He
21、 spoke so fast that I couldnt put down what he said.他说得那么快，我根本记不下来他说的话。3in person亲自，亲身in surprise吃惊地in advance 提前in secret 秘密地in trouble 处于困难中in danger 处于危险中in debt 负债(经典佳句)You have to sign for it in person.你必须亲自签收。练透补全句子“What is happening in the class？” Our teacher asked in surprise.老师吃惊地问：“教室里发生了什么事？”To save money, youd better book the ticket in advance.为了省钱，你最好提前订票。It is said that the Amber room was moved by Germans in secret.据说琥珀屋被德国人秘密搬走了。写美补全句子Im writing to express my sincere thanks for your generous help when I am in trouble.我写信是向你在我处于困境时所给予的慷慨帮助表示真诚的感谢。