1、Period 3 Learning about Language选出 that/what/whether 所引导的从句在主句中充当的成分，及引导词的功能。A.主语；表语 B.主语；主语 C.主语；宾语1What it was to become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe.(what引 导_从句，并在从句中充当_)2What is even more important is that as the earth cooledd
2、own,water began to appear on its surface.(what引导_从句，并在从句中充当_)3 What many scientists believe is that the continuedpresence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases andacids into the oceans and seas.(what引导_从句，并在从句中充当_)So whether life will continue on the earth for millions ofyears to come
3、 will depend on whether this problem can besolved.(第一个whether引导_从句；第二个whether引导_从句)【答案】1.A 2.B 3.C 4.C名词性从句()一、基础点拨(一)定义在主从复合句中，充当主语的从句，即为主语从句。(二)引导主语从句的词及其在句中的功能详细内容见下面的“用法详解”部分。二、用法详解1连接词that和whether/ifthat引导主语从句，that在从句中不充当任何成分，仅起连接作用，但不能省略。whether/if引导主语从句，在主从句中不充当任何成分，起连接作用，但有自己的意义，也不可省略。That s
4、he could come to help us made us very happy.她能来帮助我们使我们很高兴。That the big earthquake had killed many people frightenedpeople all over the world.大地震使很多人丧生令世界震惊。Whether she will come or not is still a question.她是否会来仍是个谜。It is still unknown if/whether the plan will be carried out.这个计划是否会实施还不知道。(1)whether引
5、导的主语从句置于句首时，不可用if来替换。(2)if引导主语从句时，要用it作形式主语，将if引导的主语从句后置，此时whether与if可互换。2连接代词who,whose,whom,what,which,whichever,whoever,whomever,whatever等。连接代词引导从句，并在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。What surprised me most was that the little girl could play theviolin so well.(what引导主语从句，并在从句中充当主语)最令我吃惊的是那个小女孩拉小提琴拉得那么好。Who will go
6、 to the concert is not known.(who引导主语从句，并在从句中作主语)不知道谁会去听音乐会。Which book they will choose is still unknown.(which引导主语从句，并在从句中作定语)不知道他们会选哪本书。3 连 接 副 词 when，where，how，why，whenever，wherever，however等。连接副词引导主语从句并在从句中作状语。When we shall hold our sports meeting is not decided.(when引导主语从句，并在从句中作时间状语)我们还没决定何时举行运
7、动会。How they will reach the top of the high mountain is still underdiscussion.(how引导主语从句，并在从句中作方式状语)他们仍在讨论如何到达那座高山的山顶。三、难点突破(一)主语从句与形式主语it1It is名词词组主语从句。Its a pity that you missed the exciting football match.很可惜你错过了那场激动人心的足球比赛。2It is形容词主语从句。It is uncertain whether he can come to Jennys birthday party
8、 ornot.他是否能够参加詹妮的生日聚会还不确定。注意：在“Itbeadj.从句”这一结构中，若形容词为important/necessary/strange/essential等时，主语从句中的谓语用“(should)do”。如：It is very important that a student(should)learn English well.学生学好英语很重要。3It is过去分词主语从句。It is reported that 16 people were killed in the earthquake.(it为形式主语，that引导真正的主语从句)据报道，16人在地震中丧生
9、。在该句型中，过去分词若为advised/ordered/asked等时，从句谓语用“(should)do”。It is ordered that they should hand in their designs at once.命令他们马上交上他们的设计方案。4It seems/appears/occurs to sb/doesnt matter/makesno difference主语从句。It seems that it is going to rain.看起来好像要下雨。5It及物动词宾语that从句。It surprised him that they came to visit
10、him suddenly.让他吃惊的是他们突然来看他。(二)主语从句中应注意的问题1从句的语序要用陈述语序。What you need is more practice.你需要的是更多的练习。2从句作主语时，主句的谓语一般用单数形式。What they need is love.他们需要的是关爱。注意：what和who引导主语从句时，有时主句谓语的数应与主句中作表语的名词保持一致。What the school needs much are books.这所学校需要的是书。What the school needs much is money.这所学校需要的是钱。3从句的时态一般要取决于主句。
11、They lost their way in the forest and what made things worsewas that night began to fall.他们在森林里迷路了，更糟糕的是夜幕开始降临。.用合适的词填空1Everyone in the village is very friendly.It doesnt matter_you have lived there for a short or a long time.2It is immediately clear_the financial crisis willsoon be over.3It has bee
12、n proved_eating vegetables in childhoodhelps to protect you against serious illnesses in later life.4_ is obviously right is to give all children equalopportunities to develop their special gift.5_was most important to her,she told me,was herfamily.6_wants to stay in a hotel has to pay their own way
13、.7It is none of your business_other people thinkabout you.Believe yourself.8It suddenly occurred to him _ he had left his keysin the office.9_he referred to in his article was unknown to thegeneral reader.10_makes this shop different is that it offers morepersonal services.11It has been proved _ tak
14、ing exercise regularlydoes good to ones health.12_ burns the forest should be punished.13_ the flight to Shanghai will be delayed is_ Im especially worried about.14Mrs.White looks old for her age.Yes.It worries her most _ her hair is turning gray.15It remains to be seen _ the newly formedcommittees
15、policy can be put into practice.【答案】1.whether 2.whether 3.that 4.What 5.What6Whoever 7.what 8.that 9.What 10.What11that 12.Whoever 13.Whether;what 14.that15whether.完成句子1_ is a miracle.他在这场事故中幸免于难，真是奇迹。2_ is still a mystery.他为什么且如何去了美国至今还是个谜。3_ is knowledge.学生们需要的是知识。4_shall be punisheD任何一个违反此规章制度的人都要受罚。5_ Mary should have won first place.令人惊奇的是玛莉竟然获得了第一名。【答案】1.That he survived the accident2How and why he went to America3What the students need4Whoever/Anyone who breaks the rule5It is surprising that点击进入WORD链接