1、Section II Learning about the language一、课前预习I. 重点短语1. 培养； 教育 _2. 继续；提前 _3. 说明理由 _4. 碰巧 _5. 正相反 _II. 完成句子：用上面的短语完成下列句子。1. She couldnt_ his foolish mistake.她不能解释她犯的愚蠢错误的原因。2. _ for 200 meters and then turn left. 一直往前走200米然后向左转。3. These toys are made _ instead of on purpose, so they are very expensive.
2、 这些玩具时偶然做出来的，所以很昂贵。1. She was so sick that she _ all that she had had.她很不舒服以至于把所有的都吐出来了。5. He thought his plan was perfect, but _, it wasnt and it failed. 他原以为他的计划很完美， 但正相反， 计划破灭了。二、语法突破：名词性从句（宾语从句和表语从句）在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫做名词性从句。它包括主语从句、宾语从句，表语从句和同位语从句。本单元我们主要学习宾语从句和表语从句。引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：连接词： that ,wheth
3、er ,if (不充当从句的任何成分)连接代词：what ,whatever ,who ,whoever ,whom ,whose ,which连接副词：when ,where ,how ,why一. 宾语从句宾语从句在主从复合句中充当宾语。引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句、表语从句的关联词大致一样，在句中可以作谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语。1.由连接词that引导的宾语从句：由连接词that引导宾语从句时，that在句中不担当任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去。如：We all agreed(that) it would be a mistake not to take his
4、advice.我们都认为不听他的意见将是个错误。注意以下几点：从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省。如：We all think (that) she is working very hard and that she will surely go to a very good university.我们都认为她学习非常努力，一定能进一个非常好的大学。在demand，order，suggest，decide，insist, desire, demand, request, command等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后，宾语从句常用“(should)+动词原形”。如：The
5、commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once.司令员命令部队马上出发。动词+it+形容词或惯用搭配+that从句。We think it important that every citizen should have good manners.我们认为每个市民有礼貌是很重要的。(其中it为形式宾语，而真正的宾语就是that引导的从句。)注意动词doubt的否定结构才可以接that从句。如：I dont doubt that he will be against the idea.我毫不怀疑他会反对这一想法。I doubt whe
6、ther he will be against the idea.我怀疑他是否会反对这一想法。2.wh-疑问词引导的宾语从句用who，whom,which,whose,what,when,where,why,how,whoever,whatever,whichever等关联词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句，连接词都在从句中担当一定的成分。应注意句子语序要用陈述语序。如：She always thinks of how she can work well.她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。3.whether或if引导的宾语从句用whether或if引导的宾语从句，从句仍保持陈述句语序，whether或
7、if不担当成分。如：I wonder whether he will come or not.我想知道他来还是不来。此外，whether与if 作“是否”讲时，在下列情况下一般只能用whether，不用if：a.引导主语从句并在句首时；b.引导表语从句时；c.引导从句作介词宾语时；d.从句后有“or not”时；e.后接动词不定式时。4.注意宾语从句中的时态呼应当主句动词是现在时，从句根据自身的句子情况，而使用不同时态。如：I know that he studied English last term.(从句用一般过去时) 我知道他上学期学过英语。当主句动词是过去时态(could, woul
8、d除外)，从句则要用相应的过去时态，如一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时等；但是当从句表示的是客观真理、科学原理、自然现象，则从句仍用现在时态。如：The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America.老师告诉我们汤姆已经离开我们去美国了。5.think,believe,imagine,suppose等动词引起的否定性宾语从句中，要把主句中的动词变为否定式，即将从句中的否定形式移到主句中。如：We dont think you are here.我们认为你不在这儿。二表语从句在句中作表语的从句叫表语从句,表语从句位于系动词后。1.
9、that引导的表语从句that仅起连接作用，无意义，在句中不作任何成分，通常不能省略。这种从句往往对主句主语的内容起进一步解释的作用。其基本结构为主语+系动词+that从句。如：What surprised me most was that all the pupils were unusually quiet.使我十分惊讶的是所有的学生异乎寻常的安静。当主语是reason时，表语从句要用that引导而不是because。如：The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning.2.
10、wh-疑问词引导的表语从句连接代词what，which，who，whom，whose除在句子中起连接作用外，还可在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语，且各有各的词义。如：The problem is who is really fit for the hard job.问题是谁才真正适合做这份艰苦的工作。(who在从句中作主语)Tom is no longer what he used to be.汤姆不再是以前的汤姆了。(what在从句中作系动词be的表语)连接副词when, where, how, why除在句中起连接作用外，在从句子中还充当时间，地点，方式，原因状语，本身具有词义。如：Th
11、ats where I cant agree with you.那就是我不能同意你的地方。whether引导的表语从句连接词whether起连接作用，意为“是否，究竟，到底”(注意：if不能引导表语从句)，在句中也不作任何成分。如：The question is whether that man will turn up in time.问题是那个人是否会及时出现。3.其他连词as if, because, as, as though引导的表语从句because引导表语从句通常只用于“This/That/It is/was because.”结构中。as if/as though引导的表语从句
12、常置于系动词look，seem，sound，be，become等后面，常用虚拟语气，表示不存在的动作或状态。如：The elephant feels as if/though he were a wall.大象摸起来像一堵墙。4.主语是表示建议、命令、要求等的名词，那么表语从句应该用虚拟语气，即should后接动词原形,(should可以省略)。如：His suggestion is that we (should) climb all the way to the top of the hill. 他的建议是我们应该一路爬到山顶。三正误辨析1. We wonder how we shall
13、do next.We wonder what we shall do next.2. Could you tell me where are they having a picnic?Could you tell me where they are having a picnic?3. We believe that they have finished their task ahead of time, dont we? We believe that they have finished their task ahead of time, havent they? 4. The probl
14、em we are facing is that the waste in our city should be dealt with.The problem we are facing is how the waste in our city should be dealt with. 5. Mr Li seems that he is very expert at repairing computers.Mr Li seems as if he is very expert at repairing computers.6. Im sorry that I dont know you wa
15、nt to take part in that competition. Im sorry that I didnt know you wanted to take part in that competition. 7. The question which the man raised was if the project could be completed on time.The question which the man raised was whether the project could be completed on time.8. That was because tho
16、se passengers couldnt go to the top of the mountain to see the sunrise.That was why those passengers couldnt go to the top of the mountain to see the sunrise.9. The old man finally found out when or where he had lost his umbrella. The old man finally found out when and where he had lost his umbrella
17、.10. My suggestion is the government should cut off the production of cigarettes. My suggestion is that the government should cut off the production of cigarettes.三、课后自测（一）基础知识自测 I. 单词拼写1. The _(场景) is a perfect dream when you see the sun rising slowly in the east. 2. Students are not _(允许) to enter
18、 the Net Bar. 3. There was a huge bang and people started _(尖叫). 4. The policeman _ (认出)him driving a stolen car. 5. To do this work well needs some _(耐心). II单项选择1.The manager came over and asked the customer how_ A. did the quarrel came about B .the quarrel had come about C. had the quarrel come ab
19、out D. had the quarrel come about2.Energy is _makes thing work. A. what B. something C. anything D. that3.This is _the Shenzhou V Spaceship landed. A. there B. in which C. where D. because4.He asked the tailor _.A. how long would the coat be ready B. how soon would the coat be readyC. how long the c
20、oat would be ready D. how soon the coat would be ready5. Is _he said really true? A. that B.what C. why D. whether6. _ is troubling me is _ I dont understand _ he saidA. What; that; what B. What; what; whatC. That; that; what D. Why; that; which7. The reason why I plan to go is_ she will be disappoi
21、nted if I dont. A. because B. that C. thanks to D. what8. What time do you think_? A. will Tom come back B. Tom will come back C. is Tom coming back D. can Tom get here9. The teacher said that light_ faster than sound. A. Has traveled B. traveled C. had traveled D. travels10. If you know_ it was tha
22、t write A Tale of Two Cities, raise your hand. A. whom B. which C. who D. that11. Why dont you bring_ to his attention that you are too busy to do it? A. that B. what C. that D. it12. That is_ I was born and grew up. A. There B. in which C. where D. the place13.-Have you found your book yet? -No, Im
23、 not sure_ I could have left it. A. whether B. where C. when D. why14. I firmly believe_ he said at the meeting was right. A. that B. which C. that what D. what that15. After_ seemed like hours he came out with a bitter smile. A. which B. it C. what D. that（三）智能拓展训练I. 阅读理解 As one comes to some cross
24、roads, he or she sees a sign which says that drivers have to stop when they come to the main road ahead. At other crossroads, drivers have to go slow, but they do not actually have to stop unless, of course, there is something coming along the main road; and at still others, they do not have either
25、to stop or to go slow, because they are themselves on the main road. Mr Williams, who was always a very careful driver, was driving home from work one evening when he came to a crossroad. It had a “SLOW” sign. He slowed down when he came to the main road, looked both ways to see that nothing was com
26、ing, and then drove across without stopping completely. At once he heard a police whistle (口哨声), so he pulled into the side of the road and stopped. A policeman walked over to him with a notebook and a pen in his hand and said, “You didnt stop at that crossing.” “But the sign there doesnt say STOP.”
27、 answered Mr Williams, “It just says SLOW, and I did go slow.” The policeman looked around him, and a look of surprise came over his face. Then he put his notebook and pen away, scratched (抓) his head and said, “Well，Im in the wrong street！” 根据文章内容，选择正确答案： 1. Mr Williams was driving _ one evening. A
28、. to a party B. to his office C. home after work D. to work from home 2. When he was stopped by a policeman, he _. A. was driving at a high speed B. was driving onto the main road C. was going to stop his car D. was driving slowly 3. Though slowly, Mr Williams continued driving at the crossing becau
29、se_ . A. he didnt see any “STOP” sign there B. he paid no attention to the traffic rules C. he didnt have to stop D. he was eager to get home 4. Looking round Mr Williams, the policeman was surprised because_ . A. he met a mad man B. he realized that he himself was mistaken C. Mr Williams dared to s
30、peak to him like that D. Mr Williams would not apologize to himII 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。The right pair of exercise shoes can do a lot to prevent discomfort and injuries, personal trainers sayHere are some shopping tips: 1 Depending on your workout, shoes designed for walking, runn
31、ing, tennis, cross-training or another specialty will provide the best support for your feetShop when you normally exerciseFeet actually get bigger throughout the day, sometimes swelling up as much as a half-size by nighttime 2 Try them onNever grab a pair of exercise shoes based only on the size of
32、 footwear you normally buyBring the type of socks youd wear to work out and go for a walk through the store 3 You should be able to spread your toes out comfortablyMake sure theres about a half-inch of space between them and the front of the shoeThe back should fit snugly (warmly and comfortably) ag
33、ainst your heel and not move up and downIf your feet are different sizes, buy based on the larger oneTalk to an expertShoe salesmen and personal trainers can study your stride (步伐) and the shape of your feet 4 5 Many trainers recommend switching footwear every three to five months, if possible, to m
34、aintain（保持）proper cushioning and supportOne tip: if you have to tie your shoes very tightly to feel a good amount of support, they may be ready to goAThink about how much you can afford to buy the workout shoesBConsider your type of exerciseCFocus on fitDSo dont shop first thing in the morning if yo
35、u often work out in the eveningEPay more attention to new style shoesFReplace worn shoes regularlyGUsually they can recommend the best shoes to guard against injuries Section II Learning about the language一、课前预习I. 重点短语1. 培养； 教育 bring up2. 继续；提前 go head3. 说明理由 account for4. 碰巧 by accident5. 正相反 on th
36、e contraryII. 完成句子：用上面的短语完成下列句子。1. account for2. Go right ahead3. by accident4. brought up 5. on the contrary 二、语法突破三正误辨析1. 错误：We wonder how we shall do next.正确：We wonder what we shall do next.2.错误：Could you tell me where are they having a picnic?正确：Could you tell me where they are having a picnic?3
37、.错误：We believe that they have finished their task ahead of time, dont we? 正确：We believe that they have finished their task ahead of time, havent they? 4.错误：The problem we are facing is that the waste in our city should be dealt with.正确：The problem we are facing is how the waste in our city should be
38、 dealt with. 辨析:表语5. 错误：Mr Li seems that he is very expert at repairing computers.正确：Mr Li seems as if he is very expert at repairing computers.6.错误：Im sorry that I dont know you want to take part in that competition. 正确：Im sorry that I didnt know you wanted to take part in that competition. 7.错误：Th
39、e question which the man raised was if the project could be completed on time.正确：The question which the man raised was whether the project could be completed on time.8.错误：That was because those passengers couldnt go to the top of the mountain to see the sunrise.正确：That was why those passengers could
40、nt go to the top of the mountain to see the sunrise.9.错误：The old man finally found out when or where he had lost his umbrella. 正确：The old man finally found out when and where he had lost his umbrella.10.错误：My suggestion is the government should cut off the production of cigarettes. 正确：My suggestion
41、is that the government should cut off the production of cigarettes.三、课后自测（一）基础知识自测 I. 单词拼写1. scene 2. permitted 3. screaming 4. spotted 5. patienceII单项选择1.B. 本题考查由特殊疑问句构成的宾语从句要采用陈述句的语序的结构。2.A. 本题考查what引导表语从句并在从句中充当主语。3.C. 本题考查where引导的表语从句并在从句中充当状语。B选项不能引导表语从句但可以引导定语从句。4.D. 本题考查由特殊疑问句构成的宾语从句要采用陈述句的语序
42、的结构。How soon 表示多久，常用于将来时； how long 常用于完成时。5. B. 本题考查what引导主语从句并在从句中充当宾语。6. A. 本题考查what引导主语从句和宾语从句以及that引导表语从句的用法。What在引导从句的同时作主语或宾语，that只引导从句。7. B. 本题考查that引导表语从句构成The reason (why)is that 结构。8. B. 本题考查带有插入语的宾语从句结构。解题时要注意使用陈述句的形式。9. D. 本题考查的是宾语从句中所使用的时态的形式。当从句中所说的是客观事实或真理时要采用一般现在时。10. C. 本题考查强调句式用于宾语
43、从句中的形式。解题时要考虑到强调句式对原句的哪一部分进行了强调的同时还要考虑宾语从句的语序。11. D. 本句考查it作形式宾语的结构。要注意真正的宾语是that you are too busy to do it.12.C. 本题考查where引导表语从句并在从句中充当状语。B选项不能引导表语从句但可以引导定语从句。13. B.本题考查宾语从句的连接词。根据上下文“我不确定我把书落在哪里了。”14. C.本题考查在believe后的宾语从句中含有what引导的主语从句结构。15. C. 本题考查在介词after后出现的由what引导的宾语从句结构。干扰选项为B. 若选B项，其句式应为： It
44、 seemed like hours before he came out with a bitter smile.（三）智能拓展训练I. 阅读理解 本文讲述了一个人明明遵守了交通规则，但由于警察自己站错了街道位置而产生了误会的故事。 1. C. 文中第二段提到“.was driving home from work.”。 2. B. 第二段中提到“He slowed down when he came to the main road.”。 3. C. 根据文章意思，Mr Williams 只需要慢行，不必停下来。 4. B. 根据文中“Im in the wrong street!”可知警察最后知道是他自己弄错了。II 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。71-75 BDCGF
