1、2021高考英语阅读之长难句分析与练习（二）Exercise 1：长难句分析1. By the end of the century, we will have discovered other places in our solar system suitable for living and we will have discovered ways to go further into space. 【句式翻译】 【句式分析】 【词语点拨】suitable adj.合适的，适当的；构成短语：be suitable for适合 他们认为这篇文章不宜发表。 约翰想换一个更加适合的工作。【语法点
2、拨】将来完成时的构成：will/shall have done，表示“到将来某一时间为止已经完成的动作”。常与by + 将来时间，before+将来时间和by the time 引导的表示将来时间的从句连用。如： 到明年年底他就会写完他的小说了。 我们到那里时她会已上班去了。2. In todays world, winners are celebrated and treated as heroes, but if doping and gene-therapy continue to affect the outcomes of major sporting events, the wor
3、d “hero” will have lost all meaning. 【句式翻译】 【句式分析】 【词语点拨】1) celebrate vt.庆祝 全城放焰火来庆祝新年。2) affect vt.影响，感动 我坚定的告诉他，他的观点不会影响我的决定。 在场的听众都被他的演讲深深地打动了。【语法点拨】将来完成时, 具体用法参见第6句。3. One of the earliest epidemics on record happened about 500-550 AD when the Roman emperor at the time was attempting to rebuild t
4、he Roman Empire. 【句式翻译】 【句式分析】 【词语点拨】attempt v.& n.尝试，试图 威廉试图找到问题的解决办法。 他在试图游到对岸去时差一点被淹死。【语法点拨】过去进行时的构成：was/were doing，表示“过去某个时间正在进行的动作”。常用的时间状语有this morning, the whole morning, from nine to ten last evening, when, while等。如： 上周日他一整天都在写什么？ 我哥哥骑自行车的时候从车上摔下来受伤了。4. The last few years have seen environme
5、ntal disasters on a grand scale, and experts are predicting far worse to come. 【句式翻译】 【句式分析】 【词语点拨】on a grand scale大规模地，大张旗鼓地 我们应该大规模普及科学。 【语法点拨】现在完成时的构成：has/have done，常表示“某一动作或状态发生在过去，对现在有影响”，也可表示“持续到现在的动作或状态”。常用的时间状语：for或since引导的时间状语及before, until now, up till now, so far, up to the moment, in the
6、 last few years等。如： 我们已经预订了今天和明天的房间。 这幢房子已经空了相当长时间了。（现在仍空着）5. In the last few decades, scientists have reached consensus and reported that human beings are causing changes in the Earths climate - something previously seen as beyond our control. 【句式翻译】 【句式分析】 【词语点拨】1) reach (a) consensus 达成共识，达成一致意见
7、他们在这个问题上很难取得一致意见。2) beyond prep. 超过；越过；在较远的一边 延迟是由恶劣天气造成的，我们无法控制。 景色之美无与伦比。 琳达总是纳闷着地平线的那一边是什么。Exercise 2：阅读练习We may think were a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and new,but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices(装置) well after they go
8、out of style.Thats bad news for the environmentand our walletsas these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things.To figure out how much power these devices are using,Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tra
9、cked the environmental costs for each product throughout its lifefrom when its minerals are mined to when we stop using the device.This method provided a readout for how home energy use has evolved since the early 1990s.Devices were grouped by generation.Desktop computers,basic mobile phones,and box
10、-set TVs defined 1992.Digital cameras arrived on the scene in 1997.And MP3 players,smart phones,and LCD TVs entered homes in 2002,before tablets and e-readers showed up in 2007.As we accumulated more devices,however,we didnt throw out our old ones.“The living-room television is replaced and gets pla
11、nted in the kids room,and suddenly one day,you have a TV in every room of the house,”said one researcher.The average number of electronic devices rose from four per household in 1992 to 13 in 2007.Were not just keeping these old deviceswe continue to use them.According to the analysis of Babbitts te
12、am,old desktop monitors and box TVs with cathode ray tubes are the worst devices with their energy consumption and contribution to greenhouse gas emissions(排放) more than doubling during the 1992 to 2007 window.So whats the solution(解决方案)?The teams data only went up to 2007,but the researchers also e
13、xplored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics that serve more than one function,such as a tablet for word processing and TV viewing.They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by
14、 44%.1.What does the author think of new devices?A.They are environment-friendly.B.They are no better than the old.C.They cost more to use at home.D.They go out of style quickly.2.Why did Babbitts team conduct the research?A.To reduce the cost of minerals.B.To test the life cycle of a product.C.To u
15、pdate consumers on new technology.D.To find out electricity consumption of the devices.3.Which of the following uses the least energy?A.The box-set TV.B.The tablet.C.The LCD TV.D.The desktop computer.4.What does the text suggest people do about old electronic devices?A.Stop using them.B.Take them ap
16、art.C.Upgrade them.D.Recycle them.参考答案1. 【句式翻译】到本世纪末，我们将会在太阳系中发现其他适合人类居住的星球，并将发现进行更远空间探索的方法。【句式分析】本句是由并列连词and连接的复合句，句中运用了将来完成时态。【词语点拨】suitable adj.合适的，适当的；构成短语：be suitable for适合They dont think this article is suitable for publication. John wanted to change over to a more suitable job. He will have f
17、inished writing his novel by the end of next year. When we get there，shell have gone to work. 2. 【句式翻译】在当今世界，人们祝贺获胜者，并把他们看作英雄，但如果服用兴奋剂和基因治疗继续影响着主要体育项目的成绩的话，“英雄”就失去了它的全部意义。【句式分析】本句是由并列连词but连接的复合句，第二个分句运用了将来完成时，同时，包含有一个if引导的条件状语从句。The whole city celebrated the New Year with fireworks. I told him firml
18、y that his opinion will not affect my decision.The audience present was deeply affected by his speech.3. 【句式翻译】历史上有记载的最早的传染病之一发生在公元500-550年，当时的罗马皇帝正在试图重建罗马帝国。【句式分析】本句包含一个when引导的限制性定语从句，从句中运用了过去进行时。William attempted to find the solution to the problem. He was nearly drowned in the attempt to swim acr
19、oss. What was he writing all day last Sunday? My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself. 4. 【句式翻译】最近的几年里，人们见证了大规模的环境灾难，专家们预测更为严重的灾难即将发生。【句式分析】本句是由并列连词and连接的复合句，第一个分句运用了现在完成时。We should popularize science on a grand scale. We have booked a room for today and tomorrow. The house
20、has been empty for ages. 5. 【句式翻译】最近几十年，科学家们达成共识并报道说，人类正在引起地球的气候变化而这在以前看来是我们不能控制的。【句式分析】本句是复合句，含有一个that引导的宾语从句，主句中运用了现在完成时。It is very difficult for them to reach a consensus on this issue. The delay was caused by heavy weather and was beyond our control. The beauty of the scene was beyond compare. L
21、inda always wondered what was beyond the horizon. 【语篇导读】当我们购买了新的电子设备时,我们仍然使用旧的电子设备。其实,旧电子设备耗费的能源比新设备要多,从而损害我们的环境、浪费我们的金钱。1.推理判断题。根据第一段的最后一句“Thats bad news for the environmentand our walletsas these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things”可知,过时的设备要比新设备消耗更
22、多的能源,因此可推测出新设备对环境有好处。2.细节理解题。根据第二段的第一句“To figure out how much power these devices are using,Callie Babbitt.tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its life”可知,Babbitt和她的同事做这项研究是为了发现这些设备所消耗的能量,所以选D项。3.细节理解题。根据文章的最后一句“They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%”可知,B项使用的能量最少。4.推理判断题。根据第一段中的“We may think were a culture that gets rid of our worn technology.”以及第三段中的“As we accumulated more devices,however,we didnt throw out our old ones”可知,文章建议人们不要再使用旧的电子设备