1、B5Unit41protection n保护protect v保护protective adj.保护的，防护的3loss n损失；遗失；丧失lose v遗失，丢失loser n输家；失败者lost adj.遗失的，失去的2. affect/effect/influence(1)affect 常做及物动词，“影响，感动，感染”。(2)effect 常做名词，“结果，效果，作用，影响”，常用于词组：have an effect on/upon sb. 对有影响，take effect 生效，实行，come/go into effect 开始生效，开始实施。(3)influence 可做动词也可做名
2、词，表示“影响、感染”的意思时，是指使思想、行为、性质或发展和成长等发生变化的影响。它可以指坏的影响，也可以指好的影响，这种影响常常是潜移默化的。 应用2(1)Probably we _ each other.(2)To _ a policy is to have an _ on it.Influenced/(affect/effect)B2unit56instrument n工具；器械；乐器7passerby n过路人；行人passersby (pl.)9broadcast n广播；播放 vi. & vt.广播；播放B3unit12origin n起源；由来；起因original adj.原
3、来的3religion n宗教religious adj.宗教上的；信奉宗教的；虔诚的4belief n信任；信心；信仰6independence n独立；自主independent adj.独立的；自主的9award n奖；奖品 vt.授予；判定10admire vt.赞美；钦佩；羡慕admiration n羡慕12custom n习惯；风俗13permission n许可；允许permit vt.允许n.许可证；执照15sadness n悲哀；悲伤sad adj.悲哀的；悲伤的1trick n诡计；恶作剧；花招；窍门 vt.哄骗，欺骗trick or treat 不送礼物就捣乱(万圣节前夕
4、孩子们挨户要礼物的用语)play a trick on sb.捉弄某人have a trick of doing sth. 有做某事的习惯trick sb. into doing sth. 哄骗某人做某事trick sb. out of sth. 骗取某人某物 即学即练1(1)John taught me _ opening a bottle of wine.约翰教会了我打开酒瓶盖的窍门。(2)The children loved to _ their teacher.这些孩子好跟他们的老师玩恶作剧。(3)She _ me _ for her meal at the restaurant.她在
5、饭馆里骗我替她付了饭钱。the trick of/play tricks on/(tricked/into paying)B3uint21diet n日常饮食 vi.节食4curiosity n好奇心curious adj.好奇的7customer n顾客；消费者8discount n折扣9weakness n缺点；虚弱；弱点weak adj.虚弱的weaken v使变弱10strength n力；力量；强项；长处strengthen v加强，强化13debt n债；债务15limit n界限；限度 vt.限制；限定limited adj.有限的16benefit n利益；好处 vt. & v
6、i.有益于；有助于；受益beneficial adj.有利的，有益的1diet n日常饮食vi. 节食be/go on a dietput sb. on a diet用规定的食谱，控制饮食a diet of sth. 多得令人生厌的事物 即学即练1(1)_ is not good for you.太油腻的食物对你不利。(2)The doctors all suggest I _ .医生们都建议我节食。Too rich a diet/go on a diet比较：diet 既可指习惯上常用的食品，又可指规定的食物，特指维持健康的定质定量的食物；food是“食物”的一般用语，指任何能吃的且有营养的
7、东西。5limit n界限；限度v限制；限定limited adj. 有限的limitation n. 限制；限制条件，不足之处go beyond/over the limit 超过限度within limits 在一定范围内；有限度的within the limits of 在的范围内without limit 无限(制)地set a limit to sth. 对规定限度be limited to sth. 受限制于limit sth. to sth. 把限定在的范围内 即学即练5(1)Ive _ 1 000 calories a day to try to lose weight.我试着
8、减肥，限定自己每天摄入1 000卡的热量。(2)A wise man knows his own _.人贵有自知之明。(3)As we all know, a persons life is _， but knowledge is _.As we all know, there is _ a persons life but _ knowledge.我们都知道，人的生命是有限的，而知识却是无限的。limited myself to/limitations/(limited/unlimited)/a limit to/no limit to6benefit n利益，实惠；优越性vt.&vi.得益
9、；使受益benefit sb./someplace 使某人/某地受益benefit from/by sth.receive/gain benefit from sth.得益于某事be of great/much benefit to sb.be very beneficial to sb. 对某人有好处for the benefit of.为了帮助；为了的利益 即学即练6(1)The new hospital will _the entire community.这所新医院将使整个社区受益。(2)I _ much _ my fathers advice.我从父亲的建议中获益颇多。(3)Mode
10、rate exercise will be _ you.适度运动对你有很多益处。(4)She went there _ her health.她为了健康而去了那里。Benefit/benefited from/of much benefit to/for the benefit of1. strength/force/energy/power(1)strength 指固有的潜力。说人时，指“力气”；说物时，指“强度”。也可指“强项，长处”。(2)force 主要指自然界的力量，暴力，势力以及法律、道德或感情的力量，军事的力量等。(3)energy 主要指人的精力或自然界的能量。(4)power
11、 主要指做一件事所依靠的能力、功能；也可指人或机器等事物潜在的或所能发挥出来的力量；还可指职权、权力或政权。 应用1用 energy/power/force和 strength 填空。(1)Many countries are increasing their use of natural gas, wind and other forms of _.(2)The party came to _ at the last election.(3)Gandi insisted on winning independence by peaceful struggles, not by _.(4)Bi
12、ll was doing a lot of physical exercise to build up his _.Energy/power/force/strength B3Unit31adventure n奇遇；冒险adventurer n冒险家adventurous adj.喜欢冒险的2scene n(戏剧)一场；现场；场面；景色4pavement n人行道7passage n船费(包括食宿)；通道；(一)段10patience n耐性；忍耐patient adj. & n有耐心的；病人11contrary n反面；对立面adj.相反的；相违的contrarily adv.相反地12en
13、velope n信封14amount n数量15manner n礼貌；举止；方式1scene n. (戏剧)一场；现场；场面；景色the scene of the crime 犯罪现场behind the scenes 暗中，秘密地，在幕后(come) on the scene 出现，到场，在场set the scene (为)作好准备，(为)设置舞台 即学即练1(1)Our reporter was the first person_(到现场)(2)The rocking boats along the river bank_(构成一道美丽的风景)(3)The boy led his mot
14、her to _(事故现场)on the scene/make a beautiful scene/the scene of the accident4account n. 说明；理由；计算；账目；报道vi. & vt. 认为；说明；总计有account for 说明(原因等)；作出解释on account of 由于，因为on no account 决不(置于句首时，句子用部分倒装)on any account 无论如何take account oftake.into consideration 考虑keep an account of 记录，记载 即学即练4(1)He could not
15、_ his foolish mistake.他无法解释他所犯的愚蠢错误。(2)Give us _ what happened.跟我们说一下到底发生了什么。(3)She retired early _ ill health.她体弱多病，所以提前退休。(4)The company _ environmental issues wherever possible.只要有可能，这家公司会考虑到环境问题。 account for/an account for/on account of/takes account of提示：表示否定意义的 on no account 放在句首时，句子应用部分倒装。如：O
16、n no account should you go there. 你绝对不可以到那里去。1. scene/scenery/view/sight(1)scene 指展现在眼前的情景，也可以指 scenery 的一部分，指某处小范围的景色，大多包括景物中的人及活动，可译为“情景”“景色”“场面”“(戏剧)一场”。(2)scenery是总称，指大范围的自然风光，是由多个 scene 构成的景色，常译为“景色”“风景”。(3)view 是指人从一定的角度(或从远处或从高处等)所看到的景象，还有“观点”“看法”等意思。(4)sight是眼睛所看到的景象，可以指美丽的风景，也可以指悲惨的景象，其复数形式
17、 sights 表示“名胜古迹，人文景观”等。 应用1用 scene, scenery, view, sight的适当形式填空。(1)As we climbed higher, a wonderful _ opened out before us.(2)The next day we returned to the _ of the accident.(3)The _ of the play is a kitchen.(4)The Great Wall is one of the most breathtaking _ in the world.(5)The autumn _ of Beiji
18、ng is charming.(6)Do you remember the _ in the play where Susan meets Alan for the first time?View/scene/scene/sights/scenery/scene2. manner/method/way/means这四个词均有“方法；方式”的意思。(1)manner指个人的、独特的或有特色的“方法；方式”，常与in连用。(2)method指合理的或系统的“方法”，包括抽象的观念和具体的步骤，如为完成教学、调查、医疗等各项工作而采取的一系列步骤或方法，常与with连用。(3)means指为达到某种
19、目的而采取的“手段”或“方法”，常与by连用。(4)way为普通用语，可以代替method, manner或means，但way更富有表达力，常与in连用。 应用2(1)He invented a new _ of teaching English.(2)I dont like his _ of walking.(3)There is/are no _ of getting there.(4)You can finish it by this _.(5)There are a lot of _ to make friends.Method/manner/means/means/waysB3un
20、it41astronomy n天文学astronomer n天文学家2system n系统；体系；制度3theory n学说；理论theoretical adj.理论上的4globe n球体；地球仪；地球global adj.全球性的；全世界的6atmosphere n大气层；气氛8presence n出席；到场；存在present adj. & n. & v在场的；目前，现在；出席；颁发，授予11puzzle n谜；难题vt. & vi.(使)迷惑；(使)为难puzzled adj.迷惑的puzzling adj.令人迷惑的12gravity n万有引力；重力13satellite n卫星；
21、人造卫星14climate n气候15spaceship n宇宙飞船16pull n. & vt.拉(力)；拖；牵引力18mass n质量；团；块；大量；(复)群众B3unit51minister n大臣；部长3scenery n景色；风景9border n边界；国界；边沿 vt. & vi.与接壤；接近14distance n距离；远方distant adj.远的，远方的17tradition n传统；风俗traditional adj.传统的2measure n. U 量度，测量，尺寸；C措施 vt.&vi.测量，丈量，计量make clothes to ones own measure
22、量体裁衣by measure 按尺寸take measures (steps) to do sth.采取措施beyond measure 无法估量，极度，过分be measured in 以来计算 即学即练2(1) We must _ _ _ to solve these problems one by one.我们必须采取必要的措施逐个解决问题。(2) This room _ 6 metres by 4.这个房间有6米长，4米宽。(3)Did you _ the distance between those two development areas?你们测量了那两个开发区之间的距离了吗？T
23、ake necessary measures/measures/measure3within prep. 在之内；不越出within reach 够得着within sight 在视线范围内within ones power 力所能及within an hour 一小时内within call 在附近；随叫随到within reason 理智地；合理地 即学即练3(1)You should receive a reply _ _ _.你会在七天内收到答复。(2)It wasnt _ _ _ to help her.帮助她并非我力所能及的事。within seven days/within my
24、 power4border n. 边界；国界；边沿 vt. &vi. 与接壤；接近a border town 边境城市the border of the lake 湖边on the border of 将要，接近于，在的边界上border on sth. 接近某物，毗邻某物；几乎相同；近似 即学即练4(1)France _ Germany _ parts of the Rhine.法国沿莱茵河部分河段与德国接壤。(2)She felt an anxiety _ _ hysteria.她感觉到一种近乎歇斯底里的焦虑。(3)The large garden _ _ _ a stream.大花园紧临
25、着一条小溪。Borders along/bordering on/is bordered by6distance n. 距离；远方；遥远；疏远v. 不介入；与疏远distant adj. 遥远的；远处的；久远的at a distance 隔一段距离；距离稍远in the distance 在远方out of distance from 离太远，达不到keep sb. at a distance 对冷淡，与疏远keep ones distance from 与保持距离distance yourself from 不介入；与疏远 即学即练6(1)I dont know _ _(距离) from Beijing to Shanghai.(2)The hospital is _ _ (不远) at all.(3)The oil painting looks better _ _ _(远看起来)(4)_ _ _(从远处)，I would see them waving their hands.(5)I can see a light _ _ _(在远处)the distance/not distant/at a distance/in the distance