1、返回目录 Astronomy:the science of the stars Unit 4 返回目录 Section Learning about Language&Using Language返回目录 目录Contents 课前教材预案课堂深度拓展课末随堂演练返回目录 课前教材预案课文理解Choose the best answer according to the text.1What is the text mainly about?AThe introduction of the moon.BThe gravity the writer felt on the way to them
2、oon.CThe writers visit to the moon.DThe writers friend Li Yanping,an astronomer.返回目录 2Why were they pushed back into their seatswhen they were going up?ABecause their spaceship was too heavy.BBecause they were pulled by the moons gravity.CBecause their spaceship traveled too fast.DBecause they were
3、trying to escape the pull ofthe earths gravity.答案 D返回目录 3How did the writer feel after the trip into space?APuzzled and bored.BShocked but disappointed.CExhausted but excited.DExhausted and disappointed.答案 C返回目录 4What will happen if a man grows up on themoon?AHe will grow taller.BHe will grow shorte
4、r.CHe will become fatter.DHe will become heavier.答案 A返回目录 课文助读原 文A VISIT TO THE MOONLast month I was lucky enough to have a chance to make a trip into space with my friend Li Yanping,an astronomer.We visited the moon in our spaceship！返回目录 注 解名词 visit 后接 to，意为“到的旅行”，to 为介词。have a chance to do sth 有机会
5、做某事make a trip(take/go on a trip)去旅行in our spaceship 乘宇宙飞船，相当于 by spaceship。spaceship n宇宙飞船返回目录 译 文月球之旅我的朋友李彦平是一位天文学家，上个月我非常有幸有机会同他一起去太空旅行。我们乘宇宙飞船游览了月球！返回目录 原 文Before we left,Li Yanping explained to me that the force of gravity would change three times on our journey and that the first change would
6、be the most powerful.Then we were off.As the rocket rose into the air,we were pushed back into our seats because we were trying to escape the pull of the earths gravity.It was so hard that we could not say anything to each other.Gradually the weight lessened and I was able to talk to him.返回目录“Why is
7、 the spaceship not falling back to the earth?On the earth if I fall from a tree I will fall to the ground.”I asked.“We are too far from the earth now to feel its pull，”he explained,“so we feel as if there is no gravity at all.When we get closer to the moon,we shall feel its gravity pulling us,but it
8、 will not be as strong a pull as the earths.”I cheered up immediately and floatedweightlessly around in our spaceship cabin21 watching the earth become smaller and the moon larger22.返回目录 When we got there,I wanted to explore immediately.“Come on23，”I said.“If you are right,my weight24 will be less t
9、han on the earth because the moon is smaller and I will be able to move more freely.I might even grow taller if I stay here long enough.I shall certainly weigh less！”I laughed and climbed down the steps from the spaceship.返回目录 But when I tried to step forward25，I found I was carried twice asfar as26
10、 on the earth and fell over27.“Oh dear，”I cried,“walking does need a bit of practice28now that29 gravity has changed.”After a while I got the hang of30 it and we began to enjoy ourselves31.返回目录 注 解explain sth to sb 向某人解释某事。本句中 explain 的宾语是两个 that 引导的从句，因太长而后移了。the force of gravity 地心引力be off 离开；起飞pu
11、shback into 把推回到pull n&vt.拉(力)；拖；牵引力sothat 如此以至于，引导结果状语从句。返回目录 gradually adv.逐渐地；逐步地；渐渐地lessen vi.&vt.减少；减轻fall back to 落回到be far from离远get close to接近，靠近feel sb/sth doing sth感到某人/某物在做某事as strong a pull as为“asadj.a(n)n.as”结构。cheer up感到高兴；感到振奋返回目录 float vi.&vt.(使)浮动；(使)漂浮 n漂浮物weightlessly adv.失重地21 ca
12、bin n小屋；船舱22 现在分词短语 watching the earth作伴随状语。watch sb/sth do sth 观察到某人/某物做某事23 come on 常用于祈使句中以鼓励某人，意为“快点儿；加油”。返回目录 24 weight nU，C重量；分量；体重25 step forward 朝前走；迈步向前26 twice as far as 的两倍远。倍数表达法：倍数(twice,three times)asadj./adv.原级as。27 fall over 跌倒；摔倒返回目录 28 动名词 walking 在此处作主语。does 为助动词，加强语气，意为“确实”，其后跟动词
13、原形。29 now that 既然，引导原因状语从句。30 get the hang of 熟悉；掌握；理解31 enjoy oneself 尽情地玩；玩得高兴返回目录 译 文在起程之前，李彦平向我解释说，在我们的旅行中会有三次引力的改变，而第一次的改变将是最强的。随后我们就起航了。随着火箭升入太空，由于我们在努力挣脱地球的引力，我们被向后推到座位上。这种引力太强了，以至于我们彼此间都不能说话了。渐渐地，这个力量慢慢减小，我才能够同他讲话。我问道：“为什么宇宙飞船不会落回到地球上呢？在地球上的时候，如果我从树上掉下来，总会落到地上。”返回目录 李彦平解释说：“现在我们离地球太远了，感觉不到地球
14、的拉力，所以我们感觉好像完全没有地球引力了。当我们更接近月球时，就会感到月球的引力在拉我们，但是月球的引力不像地球的引力那么大。”我立刻感到很高兴，由于失重我在太空舱里四处浮动，我望着(身后的)地球越来越小，而(前方的)月球越来越大。返回目录 我们到达月球时，我就想立即进行探测。“来吧，”我说，“要是你讲得对，我的重量就会比在地球上小，因为月球更小，而我就能更自由地活动了。如果我在月球上待的时间足够长的话，我甚至可能长得更高，我的体重肯定也会变得更轻！”我笑着从宇宙飞船的梯子上爬下来。但当我试图往前走时，我发现自己被带到一个步幅相当于地球上两倍远的地方并且摔倒了。“天哪，”我大声说，“重力改变
15、了，看来走路的确需要练一练了。”过了一会儿，我才掌握了走路的诀窍，返回目录 原 文Leaving the moons gravity was not as painful as leaving the earths.But returning to the earth was very frightening.We watched,amazed as fire broke out32 on the outside of the spaceship as the earths gravity increased.Again we were pushed hard into our seats a
16、s we came back to land.“That was very exhausting33 but very exciting too，”I said.“Now I know34 much more about gravity!Do you think we could visit some stars next time？”“Of course，”he smiled,“which star would you like to go to？”返回目录 注 解32 break out 突发；爆发33 exhausting adj.令人精疲力尽的exhausted adj.感到精疲力尽的
17、34 know 在此处相当于 understand，意为“理解，明白”。返回目录 译 文摆脱月球引力不像摆脱地球引力那样痛苦。但是返回到地球的经历却是非常吓人的。我们惊奇地看着，随着地球引力的增加，宇宙飞船的外层燃烧起火。当我们回到地面时，我们又(感到)被重重地推回在座位上。我说道：“真是精疲力尽了，但也很激动人心。关于引力，我现在懂得更多了！你认为下次我们可以去别的星球上游览吗？”“当然可以，”他笑着说，“你想到哪颗星球上去呢？”返回目录 课堂深度拓展词汇点击crash vi.&vt.碰撞；坠落n(汽车的)撞车事故；(飞机的)失事；撞击声1(1)crash into/onto 撞到里/上(2
18、)with a crash 轰隆一声a plane/car crash飞机失事/汽车相撞事故返回目录 The tree fell with a great crash in the rainstorm.那棵树在暴风雨中哗啦一声倒了下来。On his way to school,he witnessed a terrible car crash.Two cars crashed into each other and let out a loud crash.在上学的路上，他目睹了一起严重的汽车相撞事故。两辆小汽车相撞，发出了很大的碰撞声。返回目录 考点训练单句语法填空(1)The comput
19、er system _(crash)all ofa sudden,making me lose two hours worth of work.(2)A bus crashed _ the guardrail(护栏)ofthe bridge.Fortunately,the driver was slightly hurt.crashed onto 返回目录 pull down摧毁；推翻；拆除pull up停车pull in进站停靠；驶向路边(或某处)停靠pull out出站；(使)摆脱困境pull through渡过难关；恢复健康pull together齐心协力pull n&vt.拉(力)；
20、拖；牵引力2 返回目录 I felt a pull at my sleeve and turned around to see my good friend Andrew smiling to me.我感到有人在扯我的袖子，便转过身来，看到好友 Andrew在对我微笑。It was this spirit that pulled us through the darkest moments of the war.正是这种精神使我们渡过了战争中最黑暗的时刻。返回目录 考点训练用pull相关短语的适当形式填空(1)The old building which seems to crash at a
21、nytime is very dangerous.It has to _ assoon as possible.(2)The train has already _，and thepassengers are boarding it now.(3)His injuries are very severe but hes expected to_.(4)The driverat the gate ofbe pulled down pulled in pull through pulled up 返回目录(1)block off封锁；堵住(道路)block up塞住；封住(孔、洞)block on
22、es way挡住某人的路(2)block n块(of)；(四面围有街道的)街区；阻塞(物)；障碍(物)；大厦vt.堵塞；阻挡；妨碍block out 挡住(光线或声音)；忘掉(不愉快的事)3 返回目录 She accuses me of having blocked out the past.她指责我忘记了过去。I started to move around him,but he blocked my way.我开始绕开他走，但他挡着我的路。返回目录 考点训练单句语法填空(1)A few days later,I found that the highrisebuilding in fron
23、t of us just blocked _ the sunlight,and we had to turn on the light on cloudy days.(2)The main road of the village has been blocked_.out off 返回目录(1)cheer sb up使某人振作起来cheer for为欢呼cheer sb on为某人加油(2)cheerful adj.快乐的；高兴的cheering n欢呼，喝彩adj.令人高兴的；令人振奋的Cheers！(用于祝酒)干杯！cheer up 感到高兴；感到振奋4 返回目录 When Im feel
24、ing frustrated,my mother tells me funny stories to cheer me up.当我感到沮丧时，我的母亲给我讲有趣的故事哄我开心。They were behind their opponents but she was still cheeringthem on.虽然他们落后于对手，但她仍在为他们加油。返回目录 考点训练单句语法填空(1)We couldnt help cheering _ when welearned the news that he had been made captain.解析 句意：当我们听到他被选为队长的消息，禁不住欢呼
25、起来。(2)Christinaisso_(cheer)thateveryone likes her.解析 句意：Christina是一个快乐的女孩，每个人都喜欢她。up cheerful 返回目录 break away(from)脱离；摆脱break down出故障；失败；垮掉；(化学)分解break in 破门而入；打断(谈话等)break into 闯入；突然起来break up粉碎；解散；(关系)破裂；结束break out(战争、火灾、疾病等)突发；爆发5 返回目录【提示】break out,take place,happen 等都是不及物动词(短语)，不用于被动语态，也不用于进行时态
26、。A quarrel broke out suddenly at midnight.半夜突然发生了争吵。Once you join them,you can never break away from them.一旦你加入了他们，就永远不能脱离他们。After being ill,her health broke down.生病之后，她的身体垮掉了。返回目录 考点训练用break相关短语的适当形式填空(1)Last night somebody _ Mr Whiteshouse and took away a lot of things.(2)My mother and I had a dis
27、cussion about how tovisit Beijing and my elder brother would sometimes_ with a suggestion.broke into break in 返回目录(3)My brothers car _ yesterday,so hehad to go to work by bus.(4)The meeting _ at 10 oclock in themorning.(5)When the fire _，many people wereshopping in the supermarket.broke down broke u
28、p broke out 返回目录 watch out小心；当心watch over看守；照看keep a close watch on密切注视be/go on watch值班；看守watch out(for)密切注视；当心；提防6 返回目录 Watch out for the wet floor when you enter the market.进入商场时小心地面湿滑。Watch out！There is a car coming!小心！有车过来了！He is the man on watch.他就是那个值班的人。返回目录 考点训练单句语法填空(1)In the process,the ju
29、dges have been keeping aclose watch _ the situation of the game.解析 句意：在整个比赛过程中，裁判们一直密切地注视着比赛的情况。on 返回目录(2)The soldier hid himself behind a big rock,carefully _(watch)out for the enemy.解析 句意：士兵躲在一块大石头后面，密切监视着敌人的动静。(3)My wife is on business in Shenzhen.It is my dutyto watch _ the children.watching ove
30、r 返回目录 倍数表达法句型解读1 句型公式But when I tried to step forward,I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.(教材 P31)而当我试着向前迈步的时候，我发觉我被送出去很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍，然后我摔倒了。返回目录 点拨：本句中 twice as far as 意为“两倍远”。英语中表示“两倍”，一般用 twice;times 表示倍数，一般限于包括基数在内三倍或三倍以上的数。英语中的倍数表达法如下：(1)“Abe倍数asadj./adv.原级asB”，
31、表示“A是 B 的多少倍”。(2)“Abe倍数adj./adv.比较级thanB”，表示“A 比B 大(长/高/宽等)多少倍”。返回目录(3)“Abe倍数as much不可数名词as many可数名词复数asB”，表示“A 是 B 的多少倍”。(4)“Abe倍数the size/height/length/width/ofB”，表示“A(的尺寸/高/长/宽等)是 B 的多少倍”。(5)“A倍数what-clause”，表示“A 是的多少倍”。返回目录 The earth is 49 times the size of the moon.(The size of the earth is 49
32、times that of the moon.)地球的体积是月球的四十九倍。It is reported that the United States uses twice as much energy as the whole of Europe.据报道，美国使用的能源是整个欧洲的两倍。返回目录 考点训练单句语法填空(1)Thenewlybuiltrailwayisfourtimes_(long)than the original one.(2)The gravity on the surface of Mars is about onethird as _(strong)as it is
33、on the earth.longer strong 返回目录 写作提能一句多译(3)正在修建的新体育场的高度是目前这个体育场的三倍。Thenewstadiumbeingbuiltnow_ the present one.(high)Thenewstadiumbeingbuiltnow_ the present one.(higher)Thenewstadiumbeingbuiltnowthe present one(height)is twice higher than is three times as high as is three times the height of 返回目录 2
34、 now that引导的原因状语从句句型公式“Oh dear，”I cried,“walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed.”(教材 P31)“天哪，”我大声说，“既然重力改变了，看来走路也的确需要练一练了。”返回目录 点拨：本句中，now that 意为“既然，由于”，引导原因状语从句，相当于 since，在口语中 that 可以省去。Now(that)you have grown up,you should not rely on your parents.既然你长大了，就不应该依靠你的父母了。【提示】
35、就像although/though不能与but连用，because不能与so连用一样，当now that引导的从句表示原因时，主句前不能加so。返回目录【比较网站】now that/because/since/as/fornow that说明已经成为事实的原因，常译为“既然”because语气最强，常用于回答why引起的问句，表示直接的或不为人知的原因since表示间接附带的众所周知的原因，意为“既然”，常放在句首as表示一种明显的、已知的理由，意为“由于”for是并列连词，表示推断的或附加的理由，是对已发生情况的补充说明，不表示直接的原因，语气较弱返回目录 写作提能补全句子/高考小作文(1)
36、既然你的工作已经完成了，现在是你自我放松的时间了。_，its timefor you to relax yourself.Now that you have finished your work 返回目录(2)(2018 北京卷书面表达)由于长期以来你对中国文化感兴趣，我认为北京语言大学对你来说是个理想的地方。_，I think Beijing Language and Culture Universityis an ideal place for you.Now that you have long been interested in Chinese culture 返回目录 课末随堂演练
37、词形转换1Beautiful music came_(float)outof the window,with many passersby standing therelistening to it quietly.2My grandmother is such a _ old ladythat she talks to everyone _.(gentle)floating gentle gently 返回目录 3Haveyouheardaboutthe_(physics)who is going to teach in ourcollege?4Since biology is closel
38、y related to human life,Ihave made up my mind to be a _(biology)in the future.5The _ news that her grandpa cametohimselfmadethegirl，whichphysicist biologist cheering cheerful cheered 返回目录 选词填空break out;crash into;cheer up;now that;watch outfor1The good news of our football team winning thegame _ eve
39、rybody.2_ everyone agrees to my plan,letsstart tomorrow.cheered up Now that 返回目录 3The staff were asked _ fakebank credit cards by the manager.4 Itwasalmostmidnightwhenthefire_ in the neighborhood.5A train _ the back of anothernear the city,killing dozens of people.to watch out for broke out crashed
40、into 返回目录 句型训练1这个房间是那个房间的三倍大。(size)This room is _ that one.2为了使她振作起来，她的朋友们带她去听音乐会。(cheer)Herfriendstookhertoaconcert_.three times the size of to cheer her up 返回目录 3我希望你能给予他们鼓励，让他们和你一样过着丰富多彩而充实的生活。(asadj.n.as)I hope you can give them encouragement to live_ as you do.4长途旅行之后，我们回到了家，又饿又累。(形容词短语作伴随状语)Af
41、ter the long journey,we went back home,_.as rich and full a life hungry and tired 返回目录 5如今网络投票很流行，尽管一些人对此很高兴并积极参与，但是很多人对这种投票的负面作用有些疑惑。(although)Internet voting is quite popular nowadays.Manypeople are somewhat puzzled at the negative side of thevoting,_ andactive in doing it.although some are quite happy with it