1、 The English language is made up of the grammar and vocabulary(lines 2-3)Old English consisted of a mixture of their languages.(line 10)be made up of 这里意为：由组成，其主动结构为make up。make up 还有其他意思，如下例：Tom makes up stories to amuse his little brother.汤姆编故事逗他的小弟弟。Mary and Joan quarreled,but made upafter a whil
2、e.玛丽和琼吵架,但一会儿就和好了。consist ofconsist vi.consist in 在于，决定于consist of 由组成/构成这两个短语都不可以用于进行时态/被动语态。The entire world consists of matter.The beauty of London consists in the style of its ancient buildings.整个世界是由物质组成的。伦敦的美在于城中的古建筑物的风格。这个研究小组由两名中国科学家和三名美国专家组成。The research team consists of two Chinese scienti
3、sts and three American experts.联合王国包括大不列颠与北爱尔兰。The United Kingdom consists of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.这种机器由20个零件组成。The machine is made up of 20 parts.翻译下列句子。occupy (line 10)vt.占领；占用（时间、空间等）Troops quickly occupied the city.The bathrooms occupied I think Johns in there.The house hasnt been
4、occupied(=lived in)by anyone for a few months.拓展：occupy oneself in/with或beoccupied in/with，意为“使忙碌，使从事，使全神贯注于”。完成下列句子。The child _(只顾着弹钢琴).The striking office workers _ _(已经占领了整座大楼).Her time _(全部用在她的三个孩子身上了).occupied himself in playing pianohave occupied the whole buildingis fully occupied with her th
5、ree childrenmix,mixture (line 10)油不融于水。Oil doesnt mix with water.Oil and water dont mix.Even if you shake them together they separate into two layers.Mix the eggs into the flour.The town offers a fascinating mix of old and new.mixv.（使）混合，掺和，融合 n.混合mix withmix up 弄错，弄乱，搞错His explanation just mixed me
6、 up more.I always mix up the twins.我总是把这对双胞胎弄混。他的解释令我更加糊涂了。mixture n.混合物；混合体the mixture of different people living in a cityShe is mixing the mixture of flour and water.生活在城市中的形形色色的人的混合体她正在搅拌面粉和水的混合物。完成下列句子。1.油和水不交融。_2.他的书把史实和想象结合在一起。His books _ historical fact _ fantasy.3.别把那些文件搞乱了，否则我们将永远找不到所需要的文件
7、。_,or well never find the ones we need.Oil and water dont mix.mix withDont mix up those papersThe most important contribution was form the Normans,a French-speaking people who defeated England and tool control of the country in 1066.(Lines 26-27)最大的贡献来自于讲法语的诺曼人，他们于1066年击败英格兰并控制了这个国家。句中a French-speak
8、ing people是the Normans 的同位语；who引导一个定语从句，修饰people(民族,种族)。contribution在这里的意思为：贡献，推动作用。后面常接介词to。defeat (line 27)Napoleon was defeated by the Duke of Wellington at the battle of Waterloo.vt.击败，战胜Our men were heavily defeated in the battle.defeat是动词和名词同形，都表示“击败，战胜”，如果表示比赛中战胜对手，可以与beat互换。He was upset by h
9、is defeat.The fire lasted half an hour before it wasunder control.He lost control of the plane.动词短语take control of表示“控制，掌握支配权”，control既可作动词也可作名词，表示“控制，操纵”。词组拓展:in control of 控制着bring/get sth.under control使某事在控制下lose control of 失去对的控制be/get out of control 失控in the control of.在的控制下完成下列句子。He has _(对公司的
10、发展有重要贡献).One night,Zhou Yu was thinking hard in his tent about _(怎样打败曹操的军队)when Huang Gai came in.There must be someone who _(能管管这些淘气的孩子).made an important contribution to the companys developmenthow to defeat Cao Caos armycan take control of these naughty childrenHowever,the Norman Conquest did not
11、 affect English as much as the Angles and the Saxons victory about 600 years earlier,which led to Old English replacing Celtic.(line 28-30)然而，诺曼征服对英语的影响并不及约600年前盎格鲁人和撒克逊人的 胜利对英语的影响，那场胜利导致古英语替代了凯尔特语。句中which引导一个非限制性定语从句，先行词为victory，翻译非限制性定语从句时，可以将其单独翻译。短语led to的意思是：导致,to是介词，后面接名词或动名词结构。result in也表示“导致
12、，引起”。完成下列句子。The drivers carelessness _ _(导致昨天下午的事故).The railroad tracks _(通往下一个小镇).The use of information technology could _(致使我们能在家工作).led to/resulted in the accident that happened yesterday afternoonlead to the next townlead to us working at homeresult in (line 33)导致，结果是The fire resulted in damage
13、 to their property.Icy road conditions in Teesdale resulted in two roads being closed.紧张和疲劳常使人精神不集中。Stress and tiredness often result in a lack of concentration.他的粗心致使比赛失败了。His carelessness resulted in the loss of the game.拓展：result from 由于而产生；作为的结果Sickness often results from eating too much.经常因为吃得太
14、多而生病。as a result of 由于的结果as a result 结果由于下大雨，我们得呆在家里。We had to stay at home as a result of the heavy rain.=It rained heavily.As a result,we had to stay at home.Guess the meanings of Ill raise both hands in favour of your idea.They raised their output by more than half in less than three years.Parent
15、s hope to raise their children to be decent men and women.The workers went on strike for a raise.vt.提起;举起;竖起vt.增加;提升vt.抚养;饲养n.(工资、薪金的)提升,增加翻译下列句子，理解更多raise的意思。1.他进来的时候，她从报纸上抬起双眼。2.更好的培训将提高劳动效率。3.这个老人喜欢养兔子。4.会上提出了许多反对意见。5.别冲我嚷嚷，年轻人!6.大家举杯祝贺新娘和新郎。She raised her eyes from the newspaper when he came in.
16、Better training will raise the efficiency of the workforce.The old man likes raising rabbits.A number of objections were raised at the meeting.Dont raise your voice to me,young man!Raise your glasses to the bride and groom.Individual activity请点击 word图标 I.Multiple choice.Nowadays some hospitals refer
17、 to patients _ name,not case number.(2010江西)A.ofB.asC.byD.withThe doctor is skilled at treating heart trouble and never accepts any gift from his patients,so he has a very good _.(2010江苏)A.expectation B.reputation C.contribution D.civilization1.You should read more to enrich your vo_.2.We used to li
18、sten to the radio a lot,but no_ we mostly watch television.3.The rest of the time was _(占用)with writing a report.4.Their latest CD is a mix_ of new and old songs.vocabularyII.Fill in the blanks.nowadaysoccupiedmixture5.Singapore has four of_ languages:English,Malay,Chinese and Tamil.6.If we can _(wi
19、n)the Italian team,well be through to the final.7.Tourism has re_ agriculture as the nations main industry.8.Hed spent the _(whole)journey asleep.9.This company makes no dis_between the sexes.official defeatreplacedentiredistinctionIII.Translation.公牛队由十五个运动员组成。The Bull Team _ 15 players.塔斯曼尼亚岛是以其发现者
20、塔斯曼的名字命名的。Tasmania was _ its discoverer,A.J.Tasman.电子计算机虽然种类不同，但它们都是由五个部件组成的。All electronic computers _ five units although they are of different kinds.is made up ofconsist ofnamed after除了汽车之外，这家工厂还生产自行车。_ motorcars,the factory turns out bicycles.管住一个班的小孩子可不是件容易的事。Its no easy task to _ a class of yo
21、ung children.这样的错误可能导致灾难性的后果。Such a mistake would perhaps _ disastrous consequences.英语是她的母语。English is her _.Aside fromtake control oflead tomother tongueIV.用raise或rise的适当形式填空。1.His voice _ as he got angry.I had to _ my voice so that the others could hear me.2.We must do everything we can to _the pe
22、oples living standards.3.Why does the family _ so many dogs?4.The sun _ in the east and sets in the west.roseraiseraiserisesraiseV.阅读下面的短文，根据首字母提示完成所缺单词。Sign language is a kind of complex language which people communicate by facial(1)e_ and postures of the body.It is the most popular way of communic
23、ation used by people who are deaf or dumb.No sign language is universal,that is to say,it(2)v_ from place to place.Different sign languages are used in different countries or regions.expressionsvariesFor(3)e_,sign language in Britain is different from that inAmerican,and users of one sign language m
24、ay not be fully(4)u_ by users of the other.Parents are often the source of a childs early language.Deaf children can pick up sign language from their parents who are also deaf and are able to use it as naturally as a hearing child picks up(5)s_ language from hearing parents.exampleunderstoodspoken(6)H_,for a deaf child with hearing parents who cant use sign language,it may be acquired differently.In this case,its better for hearing parents to learn sign language(7)a_ with their child.Surprisingly,children who are deaf can learn it as well as,if not(8)b_ than,their parents.Howeveralongbetter