1、Grammar&usageUnit 1To-infinitive and Bare infinitiveLearning aims:1.Understand the forms and functions of To-infinitive and Bare infinitive.2.Do some exercises to consolidate the use of the infinitive.Different forms of To-infinitive主动被动一般式to writeto be written进行式to be writing/完成式to have writtento h
2、ave been written动词不定式：（to）+do，具有名词、形容词、副词的特征。否定式：not+(to)do1）一般式：不定式的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生或发生在谓语动词动作之后，例如：Im glad _(遇到你).The patient asked _(立刻做手术).to meet youto be operated on at onceDifferent forms of To-infinitive2）进行式：不定式的进行式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生，例如：The boy pretended _(在努力学习).He seems _(正在看书)in the r
3、oom.to be studying hardto be reading Different forms of To-infinitive3）完成式：不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前，例如：I happened _(看过这部电影).He is pleased _(遇到了)his friend.to have seen the filmto have come acrossDifferent forms of To-infinitive1）To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard.To lose your heart means
4、failure.总结：动词不定式短语作 _ 时，谓语动词用 _。Different functions of To-infinitive主语第三人称单数形式2）Her job is to clean the hall.He appears to have caught a cold.总结：动词不定式短语作 _ 时，表示具体动作或将来动作。表语3）常与不定式做宾语连用的动词有：want,hope,wish,offer,fail,plan,learn,pretend,refuse,manage,help,agree,promise,prefer,如果不定式（宾语）后面有宾语补足语，常用it作形式宾
5、语，真正的宾语（不定式）后置，放在宾语补足语后面，如：Marx found _ important to study the situation in Russia.动词不定式也可充当介词宾语，如：I have no choice but to stay here.He did nothing last Sunday but repair his bike.(介词but前若含有动词do的某个形式时，其后的不定式通常省略符号to)Different functions of To-infinitiveit4）动词不定式可充当宾语补足语，常跟这种复合结构的动词有：:want,wish,ask,te
6、ll,order,beg,permit,help,advise,persuade,allow,prepare,cause,force,call on,wait for,invite.有些动词如make,let,see,watch,hear,feel,have等与不带有to的不定式连用，但改为被动语态时，不定式要加to,如：I saw him cross the road.He was seen _.Different functions of To-infinitiveto cross the road5）动词不定式放在所修饰的名词或代词后作 _.与所修饰名词有如下关系：A）动宾关系：I ha
7、ve a meeting to attend.注意：不定式为不及物动词时，所修饰的名词如果是地点、工具等，应有必要的介词，如：He found a good house to live in.The child has nothing to worry about.如果不定式所修饰名词是不定式动作承受者，不定式可用主动式也可用被动式：Have you got anything _(要买吗)?I want to go to the supermarket.Have you got anything _(要买吗)?B）说明所修饰名词的内容：We have made a plan to finish
8、 the work.C）被修饰名词是不定式逻辑主语：He is the first to get here.Different functions of To-infinitive定语to buyto be bought6）作状语：A）表目的：He worked day and night _(为了赚钱).She sold her hair _（为了买表链）.Different functions of To-infinitiveto make moneyto buy a watch chainB）表结果：He arrived there _(结果发现火车离开了).C）表原因：They wer
9、e very sad _(听到那个消息).only to find the train had leftto hear the news7）作独立成分：To tell you the truth,I dont like the way he talked.Different functions of To-infinitive1.I begged her not to tell anyone else,and she said she would keep my secret._ 2.He accused me of some really bad things just to hurt me
10、._ 3.And I cannot help wondering if he wants Peter to be his best friend instead of me._4.I must be really stupid to fail such a simple math quiz!_ 5.Shouting at him just made him feel worse._ 6.You swear that your friendship is as important as football,so dont let a small disagreement destroy your
11、friendship._ Tell the function of To-infinitive in each sentence宾补目的状语宾补原因状语宾补宾补a.情态动词（除ought to,have to,be able to,used to等本身带有to的）.b.使役动词let,make,have等之后，感官动词see,watch,look at,ntice,observe,hear,listen to,smell,feel,find等后作宾补（注意在被动语态中to 则不能省略）。The boss made them work the whole night.They were made
12、 to work the whole night.c.表示个人意愿或倾向的would rather,had better,might(just)as well，rather than之后.He always prefers to ride a bike rather than take a crowded bus.Bare infinitived.why/why not 之后。Why not ask your teacher for help?e.由and,or 和than连接的两个不定式，第二个to 可以省略。He wants to move to France and marry the
13、girl.f.but作介词，后接不定式结构时，前面谓语动词部分若含有do的某种形式时，but 后的不定式要省去to,否则要带to.He wants to do nothing but go out.He wants to believe anything but to take the medicine.g.不定式作表语时，一般要带to,但若主句部分含有do 的某种形式时，符号to可省略。Weve missed the bus.All we could do now is walk home.bus.Bare infinitive1-5 ACAAC 6-10 CCACC 11-12 ADAnswersHomeworkFinish the exercise on P92 C2
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