1、【新知导引】观察下列句子，写出句中省略的部分。1.However,although he would like to(),he cannot break his promise and must allow Turandot to do as she wishes.2.While()at school,she becomes good friends with Liang Shanbo,but does not dare to tell him()she is a girl.3.Grace,thank you for the concert tickets()you gave me.break
2、 his promiseshe isthatthat/which【知识详解】一、省略在简单句中的应用1.祈使句的省略：在祈使句中通常省略主语。*Please dont forget to take your medicine.2.简略回答中的省略：为了避免重复，常将动词省略，留下主语和助动词；如果谓语部分全部省略，代词用宾格。*Poor Steve!I could hardly recognize him just now!Me neither.He has changed so much.3.口语中的省略：在口语中，人们通常借助于语境，用简略的形式进行提问或回答，有的已形成固定的短语或句式。
3、例如：How come?怎么会是这样呢？表示惊讶；How so?为什么？要求解释原因；What for?为什么呢？解释目的；Why not?为什么不呢？表示同意；What?什么？发生了什么事？表示没有听清楚对方所说的话；So what?那又怎么样呢？有不服气的意味；Then what?下一步怎么办？然后怎么办？What about sth./doing sth.？某事/做某事怎么样呢？征求意见；What if.?如果怎么办?表示猜测。4.在标记/标签、新闻标题、指令或说明、明信片/日记以及便条中为节约时间和空间常使用省略。*No parking!(No parking is allowed!)
4、禁止停车!【即学活用】完成句子。_or we will be late.快点，要不然我们就晚了。Glad to meet you.很高兴见到你。_.(见到你我也很高兴。)我也是。Hurry upMe tooThey dont say a single word to each other.他们相互之间一句话都不说。_?怎么会这样呢？Have a cup of tea?(英译汉)_How come你喝杯茶吗？二、省略句在并列句中的应用1.在并列句中，如果后面的分句与前面的分句有相同的部分，后一部分则常被省略掉，以免重复。2.有时并列句中的省略部分出现在前面的分句中，看完最后一个分句才能掌握全句的
5、完整意义。*She was poor but honest.*Bob works，and Peter lives in London.【即学活用】完成句子。鲍勃做了他的家庭作业，可是汤姆却没有。Bob has done his homework，but _.Tom hasnt三、省略在复合句中的应用1.状语从句中的省略。(1)在时间、条件、让步、比较以及方式状语从句中，如果从句的主语与主句主语相同，且从句的谓语中含有be动词，通常省略从句的主语和be动词，这时从句中可出现如下结构：连词+名词/形容词/介词短语/现在分词/过去分词/不定式。*Olympic gold medalist Liu X
6、iang opened his lips as if(he were)to speak.奥运会金牌获得者刘翔张开嘴好像要说什么。*The little girl began to cry when asked by the police.当被警察询问的时候，这个小女孩开始哭泣。(2)当从句的主语是 it，谓语中又含有系动词be时，可以把it和系动词be一起省略。此时构成连词+形容词的结构。*Well have the old house pulled down when necessary.当有必要的时候我们将拆除这所旧房子。【点津】连词后用现在分词还是过去分词，主要看分词所表示的动作与主句主
7、语的关系：主谓关系用现在分词；动宾关系用过去分词。*When crossing the road，youd better look at both sides.在过马路的时候，你最好两边都看看。*Unless invited，I will not go.除非邀请我，否则我不去。2.省略在名词性从句中的运用。(1)在及物动词后面所接的宾语从句中，连词that 一般可以省略；但如果及物动词后面是由that引导的两个或两个以上的并列的宾语从句，那么只有第一个that可以省略。(2)作宾语的wh-从句中的谓语动词与主句的相同，则wh-从句可以省略谓语，甚至主语。(3)一些动词后的宾语从句用虚拟语气，虚
8、拟语气谓语动词的构成为should+动词原形，should可以省略；这些动词的派生词后的主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句也用虚拟语气，构成方法同宾语从句。(4)It is necessary(important,strange,natural,a pity等)that.主语从句中，should可以省略。*I know(that)she is a teacher and that she is an excellent writer.我知道她是一位老师,也是一位优秀的作家。*I found(that)there was nothing to worry about.我觉得没有什么可担心的。*It
9、is suggested that we(should)go to see the film.有人建议我们去看电影。*Someone has used my bike,but I dont know who(has used my bike).有人用过我的自行车，但我不知道是谁。【巧学助记】“一二三四”记虚拟宾语从句用虚拟语气的动词包括：一个坚持(insist)，一个推荐(recommend)，二个命令(order,command)，三个建议(suggest,propose,advise)，四个要求(demand,require,request,ask)。3.省略在定语从句中的运用。(1)在限
10、制性定语从句中，作宾语的关系代词that，which,whom可以省略。(2)当先行词为the way时，关系词应用that或in which，或将它们全部省略。(3)当先行词为reason时，关系词可用why/that/for which或省略。(4)当先行词为time时，关系词用that或省略。*The girl(who/whom/that)the teacher spoke to is Li Ya.老师与其说话的那个女孩是李亚。*The way he explained to us was quite simple.他向我们解释的那种方法很简单。*This is the first ti
11、me(that)Ive acted on the stage.这是我第一次登台演出。【即学活用】用省略句完成句子。His opinion,_,would be considered.他的意见，无论对错，都要考虑。_，the book will caused a remarkable stir.这书一出版，就会引起一场轰动。_,I heard my name called.沿大街走的时候，我听到有人喊我的名字。whether right or wrongOnce publishedWhile walking along the streetHe is one of the men _.他是我所能
12、信任的人之一。Did you promise to buy a new dress for Mary?你许诺给玛丽买一件新衣服了？Yes,I did.But I didnt say _.是的，我许诺了。但是我没说什么时候买。I dont like the way you speak to your mother.(英译汉)_I can trustwhen我不喜欢你和你妈妈说话的方式。四、不定式的省略1.不定式作某些动词的宾语时，如love,like,care,wish,hope,expect,prefer,refuse,mean,try,oblige,advise,persuade,agree
13、,want,afford,forget,remember,try,manage等，用to来代替动词不定式。*I wanted him to go with me,but he refused to(go with me).我想叫他和我一起去，但他拒绝那样做。*I meant to write to you,but I forgot to(write to you).我曾打算给你写信，但忘记那样做了。2.不定式在句中作某些形容词的状语时，如happy,glad,eager,anxious,willing,ready 等，用to来代替动词不定式。*Will you join in our disc
14、ussion?Ill be glad to.3.有些动词，如believe,find,think,feel,consider,imagine,prove等后作宾语补足语的结构to be n./adj.中的to be可以省略。*I had always considered myself(to be)a strong,competent woman.一直以来，我始终认为自己是个女强人。4.不定式作某些动词的宾语补足语或主语补足语时，这些动词常见的有：ask,tell,advise,force,persuade,wish,allow,permit,forbid,expect,order,warn
15、等，用to来代替动词不定式。*She will go to Jinan tomorrow if she is allowed to.如果被允许她明天将去济南。5.不定式作某些复合谓语时，常见结构：be able to,be going to,have to,ought to,used to等，用to来代替动词不定式。*I really didnt want to go there with him，but I had to.我确实不想和他去那儿，可是我不得不去。【点津】如果不定式中含有be，have，have been，通常保留be，have或have been。*Are you on hol
16、iday?你在度假吗？No,but Id like to be(on holiday).不,但我想(度假)。【即学活用】完成句子。She asked me to dance with her，but I _.她要和我跳舞，但是我不想跳。He wanted to leave before the class was over,but I _.他要在下课前离开，但我告诉他不要那样做。He hasnt finished writing the report,has he?难道他还没写完报告吗?No,but he _.是的,但他本来应该写完了。didnt want totold him not too
17、ught to have五、替代性省略1.在一些交际用语中的某些动词，如think,suppose,expect,believe,guess,hope等常常和so,not等词连用，以替代上文出现的内容。2.“So/Nor(Neither)谓语主语”这种句型，表明前面提到的情况也适用于后者。3.if so(如果如此)；if any(如果有的话)等so和any引起的替代省略。*Will he come?Yes,I suppose so./No,I suppose not.*Mary cant ride a bicycle，neither/nor can Green.*She may not be
18、free today.If so,well have to put the meeting off.【即学活用】完成句子。I have never been abroad._.我从来没出过国。他也是。Get up early tomorrow._，you will be late for the meeting.明天早起。如果不早起，你会开会迟到的。Neither/Nor has heIf notI believe weve met somewhere before.No,_.A.it isnt the same B.it cant be trueC.I dont think so D.Id
19、rather not【解析】选C。句意:我认为我们以前在什么地方见过。不,我不这样认为。当不同意对方意见时,可以用I dont think so或I think not来回答。not或so替代回答中与问句重复的部分;故选C项。【典题研习】(2014湖南高考)Children,when _ by their parents,are allowed to enter the stadium.A.to be accompanied B.to accompanyC.accompanying D.accompaniedD【即学活用】1.(2015湖南高考)Thats why I help brighte
20、n peoples days.If you _,whos to say that another person will?A.didntB.dontC.werentD.havent【解析】选B。句意:那就是我为何帮助人们变得快乐。如果你不这样做那谁还会说另一个人会这样呢?分析句子结构得知此处表示对前面句子中的help的省略,同时条件状语从句要用一般现在时态,故用dont。2.(2015北京高考)If _ for the job,youll be informed soon.A.to accept B.acceptC.accepting D.accepted【解析】选D。考查状语从句的省略。句意
21、:如果你被接受做这项工作的话,你将很快得到通知。条件状语从句中省略了的主语you与accept构成被动关系,用过去分词accepted。条件状语从句完整的句子是If you are accepted for the job.故选D。3.(2014福建高考)The climate here is quite pleasant,the temperature rarely,_,reaching 30in summer.A.if notB.if everC.if anyD.if so【解析】选B。考查状语从句的省略。句意:这儿气候宜人,如果曾经有过(高温)的话,夏天温度也很少达到30摄氏度。if e
22、ver意为“如果曾经有过,即使有过的话”,其作用是缓和语气。if not如果不是这样的话;if any如果有一些的话;if so如果是这样的话。4.(2013江 西 高 考)If _ to look after luggage for someone else,inform the police at once.A.asked B.to askC.asking D.having asked【解析】选A。考查状语从句的省略。句意:如果你被要求照看别人的行李,立刻通知警察。后面的主句是祈使句,句首省略了you,主语you和ask存在被动关系;从句的if后面省略了you are。5.(2013浙江高
23、考)There are some health problems that,when _ in time,can become bigger ones later on.A.not treated B.not being treatedC.not to be treated D.not having been treated【解析】选A。考查状语从句的省略。句意:有些健康问题,如果不及时治疗,日后会变成大问题。that引导problems的定语从句;when引导定语从句中的时间状语从句,补全为when they are not treated in time,定 语 从 句 的 主 语 tha
24、t代 指problems,与when从句的主语相同,符合状语从句省略的条件,所以省略了主语they与be动词are。6.(2013新课标全国卷)The driver wanted to park his car near the roadside but was asked by the police _.A.not to do B.not toC.not do D.do not【解析】选B。考查动词不定式的省略。句意:司机想把车停在路边,但是警察提醒他不可以。此处是ask sb.to do的被动语态形式,所以首先排除C、D两项。动词不定式符号to指代前面的to park his car near the roadside,为了避免重复,直接用to。
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