1、温馨提示： 此套题为Word版，请按住Ctrl,滑动鼠标滚轴，调节合适的观看比例，答案解析附后。关闭Word文档返回原板块。Unit 4Natural DisastersPeriod 4Writing概要写作阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Many years ago, when I was fresh out of school, I was driving to my parents home in Missouri for Christmas.I stopped at a gas station about 50 miles from Oklahoma City.Wh
2、ile I was standing in line at the cash register (收款台), I said hello to an older couple who were also paying for gas.I took off, but had gone only a few miles when black smoke poured from the back of my car.I stopped and wondered what I should do.A car pulled up behind me.It was the couple.They said
3、they would take me.We chatted and when I got out of the car, the husband gave me his business card.I wrote them a thank-you note.Soon afterward, I received a Christmas present from them.Their note that came with it said that helping me had made their holidays meaningful.Years later, I drove to a mee
4、ting in the morning.In the late afternoon I found that Id left the lights on all day, and the battery was dead.Then I noticed that the Friendly Ford dealership was right next door.I walked over and found two salesmen in the showroom.“Just how friendly is Friendly Ford?” I asked and explained my trou
5、ble.They quickly drove a pickup truck to my car and started it.They would accept no payment, so later, I wrote them a note to say thanks.I received a letter back from one of the salesmen.No one had ever written him and say “thank you”, and it meant a lot, he said.“Thank you” two powerful words.Theyr
6、e easy to say and mean so much.【写作流程】第一步:归纳主旨大意(含段落大意)概要写作的第一步便是阅读并抓取主题,进而提取主旨大意,即有关该主题的主要内容或作者在该主题上的观点或主张。阅读语篇时,根据文章不同的文体可采取以下方法:记叙文圈出记叙文的六要素(who, when, where, what, how, why),如果是夹叙夹议文,还要写出故事给读者带来的启示或寓意说明文找出文章要说明的对象、观点或建议议论文提取议论文的三要素(论点、论据、论证) 第二步:提炼关键词1.结合主旨大意,细读段落,找出每个段落的主旨句和关键词,区别段落中哪些是main idea
7、s,哪些是supporting ideas, examples 和additional information。通常是在相对重要的句子中提炼关键词。正确的关键词和关键句是概要写作最重要的内容和依据。2.消减事例,尽量减少实事并省略细节。第三步:合并和改写1.合并信息首先需要对信息进行分类、整合,找到信息之间的联系,再将联系紧密的信息合并在一起。同一层级的主旨句不宜合并在一起,但如果联系紧密,且没有支持的细节信息,可以考虑合并。2.在核心信息的基础上进行语言表达形式的改写,对原文的语言表达形式尽可能实现大规模的改变(改词、换句型)。第四步:核查成文核查连贯性,优先考虑使用最短连接词(but, t
8、hen, later, finally, besides, thus, therefore, yet, however); 核查标点和语法;核查词数。【范文构建】第一步:归纳主旨大意(含段落大意)主旨大意:本篇为记叙文,作者用自己两次亲身经历说明向别人表示感谢的重要性。短文结构分析:第一部分(第一、二段):作者与一对夫妇偶遇,当车出现故障时得到那对夫妇的帮助,作者表示感谢,那对夫妇说给予帮助让他们的假日过得有意义。第二部分(第三、四段):作者的车出现故障,得到推销员的无偿帮助,作者写信表示感谢,其中一位推销员回信说这对他来说很重要。第三部分(第五段):说明表示感谢非常重要。第二步:提炼关键词第
9、一部分:1.A couple offered the author help when black smoke poured from the back of his car.2.The author wrote a thank-you note to the couple.3.The couple said that helping the author had made their holidays meaningful.第二部分:4.Two salesmen gave the author a hand when there was something wrong with his ca
10、r.5.The author wrote them a note to say thanks.6.One of the salesmen wrote back, saying it meant a lot.第三部分:7.Saying “thank you” was easy but meant so much.第三步:合并和改写1.句1和句4合并: The author told us two of his experiences of being helped by the strangers, who had given him a hand when there was somethin
11、g wrong with his car.改写: In this passage, the author described two of his experiences where he was helped by the strangers.2.句2和句5合并: During the two experiences, the author wrote thank-you notes to the strangers.改写: During the two experiences, the author expressed his thanks to the strangers.3.句3、句6
12、和句7合并: Through the two experiences, he realized that saying “thank you” was easy but very meaningful.改写: Through the two experiences, he realized that saying “thank you” was easy but meant so much.第四步:核查成文核查连贯性,优先考虑使用最短连接词;核查标点和语法;核查词数。_【参考范文】In this passage, the author described two of his experien
13、ces where he was helped by the strangers.(要点1) And during the two experiences, the author expressed his thanks to the strangers who had given him a hand when there was something wrong with his car.(要点2) Through the two experiences, he realized that saying “thank you” was easy but meant so much. (要点3
14、)阅读文章,按照上面的提示列出提纲,然后合并改写,串连成篇。Life has become difficult in many villages, and some are disappearing.There are a number of reasons for this.Firstly, young people from villages usually want to live somewhere livelier and they often move to the towns and do not return.Secondly, people move to the citie
15、s to find work, as there are often very few jobs in the countryside.Sometimes villages remain because people from the cities have bought a second home in the village, where they come and stay at weekends.The price of houses goes up and people from the area cannot afford to buy a house there.Another
16、problem is that it is becoming more and more difficult for farmers to make money from their farms.So they sell their land and find another job._1.主旨: reasons for the disappearance of some villages2.要点1: the youth move to the towns3.要点2: villagers go to the cities to find work4.要点3: land is sold5.尝试概
17、要写作:There exist many reasons for the disappearance of some villages.(主旨)To begin with, the youth move to the towns for more interesting life and never return.(要点1) Besides, villagers go to the cities to search for jobs.(要点2) Additionally, land is sold because money is hard to make from their farms.(
18、要点3)_Passage 1(2020全国卷C)主题语境话题体裁词数建议用时人与自然保持生态平衡说明文3498分钟When you were trying to figure out what to buy for the environmentalist on your holiday list, fur probably didnt cross your mind.But some ecologists and fashion (时装)enthusiasts are trying to bring back the market for fur made from nutria(海狸鼠).
19、Unusual fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn have showcased nutria fur made into clothes in different styles.“It sounds crazy to talk about guilt-free furunless you understand that the nutria are destroying vast wetlands every year,” says Cree McCree, project director of Righteous Fur.Scientist
20、s in Louisiana were so concerned that they decided to pay hunters $5 a tail.Some of the fur ends up in the fashion shows like the one in Brooklyn last month.Nutria were brought there from Argentina by fur farmers and let go into the wild.“The ecosystem down there cant handle this non-native species(
21、物种).Its destroying the environment.Its them or us,” says Michael Massimi, an expert in this field.The fur trade kept nutria in check for decades,but when the market for nutria collapsed in the late 1980s,the cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy.Biologist Edmond Mouton runs the nutria control prog
22、ram for Louisiana.He says its not easy to convince people that nutria fur is green, but he has no doubt about it.Hunters bring in more than 300,000 nutria tails a year, so part of Moutons job these days is trying to promote fur.Then theres Righteous Fur and its unusual fashions.Model Paige Morgan sa
23、ys,“To give people a guilt-free option that they can wear without someone throwing paint on themI think thats going to be a massive thing, at least here in New York.” Designer Jennifer Anderson admits it took her a while to come around to the opinion that using nutria fur for her creations is morall
24、y acceptable.Shes trying to come up with a label to attach to nutria fashions to show it is eco-friendly.【语篇概述】时装设计师正在把海狸鼠的皮毛做成时装进行促销,这不是犯罪。因为海狸鼠属于美国的外来物种,它们正在毁坏着美国的环境和生态系统。1.What is the purpose of the fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn?A.To promote guilt-free fur.B.To expand the fashion mark
25、et.C.To introduce a new brand.D.To celebrate a winter holiday.【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据第二段Cree McCree说的话“谈论没有罪恶的皮毛听起来很疯狂除非你理解每年海狸鼠正在毁坏大片的湿地。”可以推断,在新奥尔良和布鲁克林举办的时装展是为了促销海狸鼠的皮毛做成的时装。故选A。2.Why are scientists concerned about nutria?A.Nutria damage the ecosystem seriously.B.Nutria are an endangered species.C.Nutria
26、 hurt local cat-sized animals.D.Nutria are illegally hunted.【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第三、四段可知,科学家关心海狸鼠是因为它们正在严重地毁坏美国的生态系统,破坏环境。故选A。3.What does the underlined word “collapsed” in Paragraph 5 probably mean?A.Boomed.B.Became mature.C.Remained stable.D.Crashed.【解析】选D。词义猜测题。collapsed所在的句子的意思:皮毛交易使海狸鼠在数十年中得到控制,但是海狸鼠
27、市场在20世纪80年代后期崩溃了,这种和猫一样大的动物疯狂繁殖。collapse表示“崩溃,(价格、货币等)暴跌”,crash也有此意。故选D。4.What can we infer about wearing fur in New York according to Morgan?A.Its formal.B.Its risky.C.Its harmful.D.Its traditional.【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据最后一段中Morgan说的话“为了给人们一种无罪恶感的选择,那就是他们可以穿海狸鼠皮毛时装,没有人会指责他们我认为指责是大规模的事情,至少在纽约是这样的。”可以推断出,在纽
28、约穿皮毛时装会遭到严厉的反对,所以在纽约穿这样的衣服是很冒险的。故选B。【难句剖析】He says its not easy to convince people that nutria fur is green, but he has no doubt about it.分析:its not easy to convince people that nutria fur is green是宾语从句,作says的宾语。宾语从句中it是形式主语,动词不定式to convince people that nutria fur is green是真正的主语。在此动词不定式中,that nutria
29、fur is green是宾语从句,作convince的宾语。翻译:他说,虽然说服人们相信海狸鼠皮毛是环保的是不容易的,但是他对此毫不怀疑。正确认识破坏生态平衡的罪魁祸首,感受与体验人与自然和谐相处的重要性。人类能对生态系统平衡产生重大影响,也能为保持生态系统的平衡做出自己的努力。认识到保护生态平衡的重要性,让我们行动起来,积极投入到保护生态平衡的队伍中去,共建人与自然和谐之美。Main idea:Nutria fur fashion promotion.Para.1:Some ecologists and fashion enthusiasts are trying to bring bac
30、k 1.the market for fur made from nutria.Paras.2、3:Unusual fashion shows in 2.New Orleans and Brooklyn have showcased nutria fur.Scientists in Louisiana decided to 3.pay hunters $5 a tail.Paras.4、5:Nutria were brought from 4.Argentina by 5.fur farmers and let go into the wild.In 6.the late 1980s, the
31、y multiplied like crazy.Para.6:Biologist Edmond Mouton is trying to 7.promote fur.Para.7:Designer Jennifer Anderson is trying to come up with 8.a label to attach to nutria fashions to show it is eco-friendly.核心词汇试填figure out 算出;弄清楚bring back 带回来end up 结束;最终处于promote v.推销massive adj.巨大的come up with 提
32、出Passage 2(2020新高考卷完形填空)主题语境话题体裁词数建议用时人与自然植树造林记叙文23113分钟Molai grew up in a tiny village in India.The village lay near some wetlands which became his second 1.He learned the value and beauty of 2 there from a very young age.When he was 16, Molai began to notice something 3 happening around his home.A
33、 flood had hit the area earlier that year and the 4 it caused had driven away a number of birds.5, the number of snakes had declined as well.He 6 that it was because there werent enough trees to protect them from the 7.The solution, of course, was to plant trees so the animals could seek 8 during th
34、e daytime.He turned to the 9 department for help but was told that nothing would grow there.However, Molai went looking on his own and 10 a nearby island where he began to plant trees.11 young plants in the dry season was 12 for a lone boy.Molai built at the 13 of each sapling(幼树)a bamboo platform,
35、where he placed earthen pots with small holes to 14 rainwater.The water would then drip(滴落)on the plants below.Molai 15 to plant trees for the next 37 years.His efforts have resulted in 1,360 acres of naturally-grown land that has become home to many plants and animals.【语篇概述】文章讲述了一个印度男孩几十年如一日在所在的村庄周
36、边的荒岛上植树造林,最后把荒岛变成了多种动植物生长的家园。1.A.dreamB.jobC.homeD.choice【解析】选C。逻辑推理题。根据第一句可知小村庄是他的家,那么后文提到的wetlands就是他的第二个家了。2.A.natureB.youthC.cultureD.knowledge【解析】选A。逻辑推理题。根据下文内容他植树造林保护动植物,可推知他深知自然的价值。3.A.preciousB.interestingC.disturbingD.awkward【解析】选C。逻辑推理题。根据下一句“洪水侵袭了这一地区,迫使很多鸟类离开,蛇的数量也在减少”可知不好的事情发生了。disturb
37、ing令人不安的,符合语境。故选C。4.A.wasteB.tensionC.painD.damage【解析】选D。固定搭配题。分析句子结构可知it caused为定语从句,结合句意可知洪水带来的损害是使鸟类离开此地,cause damage 造成损害,为习惯搭配。5.A.BesidesB.HoweverC.ThereforeD.Otherwise【解析】选A。词义辨析题。由前一句“鸟类飞走了”和后一句“蛇的数量减少了”可知两句都是洪水的危害。however和otherwise表示转折关系,therefore表示因果关系,besides表示递进关系,故besides符合语境。6.A.agreed
38、B.realizedC.rememberedD.predicted【解析】选B。逻辑推理题。结合宾语从句的内容可知这是他分析后得出的结论,故为realize(意识到)。7.A.noiseB.heatC.diseaseD.dust【解析】选B。逻辑推理题。结合本句中的werent enough trees和下一句中的during the daytime可推知树木用来遮阴,保护这些动物免受太阳照射的热量,故为heat。8.A.directionsB.partnersC.helpD.shelter【解析】选D。背景常识题。根据常识可知树木在炽热的阳光下可以为动物提供遮蔽。故选D。9.A.laborB
39、.policeC.forestD.finance【解析】选C。逻辑推理题。根据上下文可知要解决问题就得种树,他自然会向林业相关部门寻求帮助。故选C。10.A.rebuiltB.discoveredC.leftD.managed【解析】选B。逻辑推理题。根据空后的内容a nearby island可知他找到一个小岛,用discover。11.A.DecoratingB.ObservingC.WateringD.Guarding【解析】选C。逻辑推理题。结合下文的内容可知本段讲的是树木的灌溉问题,故填water(浇水),符合语境。12.A.toughB.illegalC.fantasticD.be
40、neficial【解析】选A。逻辑推理题。结合句意“在干旱季节给树苗浇水对于一个男孩来说是很”和下文他所做的努力可知应该是很“困难的”。tough困难的。13.A.backB.topC.footD.side【解析】选B。逻辑推理题。结合下一句中的on the plants below可推知在树的上方他建了一个小装置,故选B。14.A.cool downB.keep offC.purifyD.collect【解析】选D。逻辑推理题。结合下一句雨水会从上方的装置中滴下去给树浇水可知这种装置是为了收集雨水,故选D。15.A.returnedB.learnedC.failedD.continued【解
41、析】选D。逻辑推理题。根据时间状语for the next 37 years可知他继续做这样的事情很长时间,故选D。绿水青山就是金山银山。森林是人类的朋友,它不仅可以绿化环境,还能防风固沙,防止水土流失,吸收二氧化碳,减轻环境污染。全球各地都有极端天气状况的发生,洪涝灾害,百年不遇的干旱,还有泥石流、山体滑坡等种种可怕的自然灾害。植树造林、保护生态、人人有责。答案:1.the value and beauty of nature 2.a flood3.birds and snakes4.the forest department 5.tough6.plant treesMolai built at the top of each sapling a bamboo platform, where he placed earthen pots with small holes to collect rainwater.分析:本句是一个带有where引导的定语从句的复合句。在主句中介词短语at the top of each sapling放到了宾语a bamboo platform之前。翻译:Molai在每一棵小树的顶部建了一个竹子平台,他把带洞的砂锅放在上面收集雨水。关闭Word文档返回原板块