1、七年级英语下册Unit8 课文讲解A部分1.Fantasy stories are full of imagination and can open up a new world.奇幻故事充满了想象，可以打开一个新的世界。【用法讲解】 open在此处为动词，译为“打开”，也可译为“开设”；open还可为形容词，译为“开着的、开放的、坦率的”。Eg: I want to open the door.我想去开门。He opened a small factory.他开了一家小工厂。The restaurant is open for business.餐厅开始营业了。The door is ope
2、n.门是开着的。The park is open to the public.公园是对公众开放的。He is an open person.他是一个坦率的人。【常见搭配】 open up 打开、开发In the open air 在野外Eg: The programme will open up markets for farmers.这个计划将为农民打开市场。We had a picnic in the open air.我们在野外野餐。2.Lives in a fun place called Neverland and has adventures with his friends.住在
3、一个叫作梦幻岛的有趣地方，并和他的朋友们一起冒险。【用法讲解】 called Neverland在此处为后置定语，用来修饰前面的place。后置定语是指在句子中放在被修饰名词之后的定语，用来描述和限定名词，常常用介词短语、动词不定式、现在分词、过去分词或定语从句作后置定语。Eg: the book on the table 桌子上的书（介词短语）A book to read要读的书（动词不定式）The man driving the car开车的男人（现在分词）The pen dropped on the ground被仍在地上的钢笔（过去分词）The book that I borrowed
4、 from the library 我从图书馆借来的书（定语从句）3.Catches a magical goldfish and it can make wishes come true.捕捉一条有魔法的金鱼，它可以实现愿望。【用法讲解】 Wish在此处为动词，译为“希望”；wish还可作名词，译为“希望；愿望”。【常见搭配】 wish sb.to do sth.希望某人做某事Wish to do sth. 希望做某事Wish + that从句 希望. 注意：接that从句时，常用虚拟语气。have a wish 有一个愿望Best wishes (to sb.)(给你) 最美好的祝福Eg:
5、 I wish to speak to the manager.我想跟经理说话。He wished his son to be a teacher in the future.他希望他的儿子未来成为一名老师。I wish I were a bird flying in the sky.我希望我是一只在天空飞翔的鸟。The princes wish came true.王子的愿望实现了。Best wishes to you.给你最美好的祝福。【易混辨析】 wish与hope区别：Wish 常指难以实现的“希望”后面即可加to do也可加 sb.to do sth.Hope 常指容易实现的“希望”
6、后面只能接to doEg: I hope to visit Beijing next month.我希望下周参观北京。My mum wishes me to finish my homework in an hour.我妈妈 希望我一小时后完成作业。4.I cant wait to read it.我迫不及待地想要读它。【用法讲解】 cant wait to do sth.译为“迫不及待做某事”。Eg: The little girl cant wait to open her birthday presents.这个小女孩等不及要打开她的生日礼物。【知识拓展】 wait为动词，译为“等待、等
7、候”；wait还可为名词，译为“等待的时间”。Eg: The wait for the the train was long.等待火车的时间很长。There is never a wait at that restaurant.那家餐厅从来不用等位。【常见搭配】 wait to do sth.等待做某事Wait for sb./sth.等某人/某物Wait a minute/ second/ moment 等一下Eg: Im waiting to hear back from the interviewer.我正在等待面试官的回复。She is waiting for her friend a
8、t the restaurant. 她正在餐厅等待她的朋友。5.One Sunny day, Alice and her sister sat by a river.在一个晴朗的日子里，爱丽丝和她的姐姐坐在河边。【用法讲解】 by为介词，表示位置关系时，译为“在.旁边、在.附近”；表示时间关系时，译为“在.之前”；表示方式关系时，译为“通过.方式”。Eg: The lamp is placed by the table for reading.台灯放在桌边方便阅读。Guests must leave by 11 am.客人大概上午11点之前到。They went to Shanghai by
9、train.他们坐火车去上海。I prefer to pay by WeChat.我更愿意微信支付。I try to pass the test by working hard.我靠努力学习来通过考试。6.Then Alice heard a sound.然后爱丽丝听到了一个声音。【用法讲解】 hear为动词，译为“听、听见、听说”，其过去式为heard。Eg: I can hear the music playing in the background.我能听到背景中的音乐。I heard that theyre going to Beijing next month.我听说他们下个月要去北
10、京。【常见搭配】 hear sb.do sth.听见某人做了某事（已完成）Hear sb.doing sth.听见某人正在做某事（未完成）Hear of sth.听说某事Hear from sb. 收到某人来信Eg: I heard him sing a song this morning.我今天你早上听到他唱了一首歌。I heard her singing a song in the next room.我听到她正在隔壁房间唱歌。I have never heard of such a thing.我从来没有听说过这样的事情。I havent heard from my parents fo
11、r a long time.我很长时间没有收到父母的来信了。7.She looked up and saw a white rabbit in a coat passing by. 她抬头看到一个穿着衣服的白兔路过。【用法讲解】 look up在此处译为“抬头看”；look up还可译为“查找某物、尊敬某人、拜访某人”。注意：look up后面接代词时需位于look和up之间。Eg: She looked up at the sky.他抬头看天空。She looked up the word in the dictionary.她在字典中查找了这个单词。The students all loo
12、k up to their teacher.学生们都非常尊敬他们的老师。I will look him up when I go to the city.我去城市的时候会去看望他。【常见搭配】 look up and down上下大量Eg: He looked her up and down before asking her out.他在邀请她之前上下打量了她一番。8.Alice stood up and ran across the field after the rabbit.爱丽丝站起来跟着兔子跑过田野。【用法讲解】 run为动词，译为“奔跑”，还可译为“管理、运行、进行”等，其过去式
13、为ran。Eg: I like to run in the park every morning.我喜欢每天早晨在公园跑步。She runs her own business.她经营自己的生意。The machine is running smoothly.这台机器运行顺利。The event will run for three days.这个事件进行三天了。【常见搭配】 run out of .用尽.；用光.Run into偶遇Run across 穿过Run away from.逃离、逃跑.Eg: We have run out of milk, we need to buy more.
14、牛奶已经喝光了，我们需要再买一些。I ran into an old friend at the mall yesterday.我昨天在商场偶遇到一位老朋友。He watched Karl run across the street to Tommy.他看着卡尔向街对面的汤姆跑去。Dont run away from your problems.不要逃避你的问题。9.Alice did not want to let the rabbit get away, so she jumped down the hole too.爱丽丝不想让兔子逃跑，所以她也跳进洞里了。【用法讲解】 get away
15、译为“离开、脱身、逃脱、逃避、休假”。Eg: I need to get away from this noisy city.我需要离开这个嘈杂的城市。She got away from the boring party early.她早早地从那个无聊的聚会脱身了。The thief managed to get away.小偷设法逃脱了。You wont get away with this. 这事你休想就这么过去。I couldnt get away last year.去年我根本不能休假。10.She could see a lovely garden on the other side
16、.在另一边她可以看到一个可爱的花园。【用法讲解】 side为可数名词，还可译为“山腰、一方、家系、一边、一侧”；side还可为形容词，译为“旁边的、次要的”；side还可为动词，译为“同意、支持”。Eg: The big guy standing at his side may be his bodyguard. 站在他旁边的那个大个子可能是他的保镖。A path went up the side of the hill.沿着山坡往上有一条小路。Whose side are you on?你支持那一方？The grandfather on his mothers side is still l
17、iving.他外祖父还建在。He gave her a side glance.他斜眼看了她一下。The job doesnt offer any side benefits.这个工作没有额外好处。He sided with his brother in the argument.他在辩论中站在他兄弟这边。【常见搭配】 On the side of .在.一侧Side by side 肩并肩Eg: An old man was sitting on the side of the road.一个老人坐在路边。They worked side by side.他们肩并肩工作。【易混辨析】 ali
18、ve, living, lovely及lively区别lively强调其生机、有活力的特性；alive强调生命的存在或活力，通常用于描述物体或人的生存状态；living强调生物体的生存状态，也可指生活方式或居住环境；Lovely强调可爱或令人愉悦的特质，常用来形容人或物给人的美好感觉。Eg: She had a sweet, lively personality.她的性格可爱活泼。We dont know whether hes alive or dead.我们不知道他是死是活。She is a living legend.她是一个活生生的传奇人物。She is a lovely girl.她
19、是一个可爱的女孩。11.Alice tried to go through the door, but she was too big.爱丽丝试着穿过门，但是她太大了。【用法讲解】 Try为动词，译为“尝试、试图”；try也可为名词，译为“尝试、努力”。【常见搭配】 try to do sth.努力做某事Try doing sth.尝试做某事Try .on 试穿.Try out 试验、试用Try ones best to do sth.尽全力做某事Have a try 试一试Eg: He tried to finish the work before the deadline.他在截止日期前尽
20、力完成工作。I want to try swimming. 我想尝试游泳。Can I try on these shoes? 我可以试穿这些鞋子吗？They are trying out a new software program.他们正在使用一款新的软件程序。I will try my best to meet the deadline.我会尽全力在截至日期前完成。Why not have a try and see if you can do it?为什么不试一试看看你能否做到呢？12.Alice could see no one in the hall.爱丽丝在大厅里看不到任何人。【易
21、混辨析】 none，no one和nothing的区别No one表示“没有一个人”，只可用来指人，不能与of连用，回答who的问句；作主语时，谓语动词用单数。None即可表示没有人，也可表示没有物，常与of连用，回答用how many/how much的问句。Nothing只可表示“没有物”，不可加of，回答what的问句；作主语时，谓语动词用单数。Eg: - Who is knocking at the door? 谁在敲门？- No one.没有人。No one knows the answer.没有人知道答案。None of us have been to Macao.我们没有一个人去
22、过澳门。I have nothing to say. 我没什么可说的。13.It took Alice a long time before she hit the ground. 爱丽丝花了很长时间才落地。【用法讲解】 take为动词，译为“带走、花费”，其过去式为took，过去分词为taken。【常见搭配】 take sb.to 地点带某人去某地It takes sb.时间 to do sth.花费某人多长时间做某事Take a walk散步Take ones advice接受某人意见Eg: Please take this book to your room.请把这本书拿到你的房间。It
23、 takes me twenty minutes to get to the station.到车站花了我二十分钟。Lets take a walk after dinner.让我们晚饭后去散步吧。I will take your advice.我会接收你的建议。14.What happened next?接下来发生了什么？【用法讲解】 happen为动词，译为“发生”；主语常常为事。 注意：happen不能用被动语态。【常见搭配】 sth.+ happen + 地点/时间 “某地/某时发生了某事”Sth.+ happen to sb. “某人发生了某事”Sb.+ happen to do s
24、th. “某人碰巧做某事”happen along偶然遇到Happen on/upon 偶然发现Whatever happens无论发生什么Eg: An accident happened in that street.那条街发生了一起事故。A car accident happened to him yesterday.昨天他发生了交通事故。I happened to meet her in the street.我碰巧在街上遇见她。I happened along the bookstore and bought a new book.我偶然路过书店买了一本新书。I happened up
25、on a great deal while shopping.我在购物时偶然发现了一个好交易。Whatever happens, I will support you.无论发生什么， 我都会支持你。15.Then the rabbit and Alice both jumped into a hole. 然后兔子和爱丽丝都跳进了一个洞里。【用法讲解】 both作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。both作主语时，常与名词或代词连用；Eg: Both Tom and Jerry are cartoon characters.汤姆和杰瑞都是卡通人物。Both作宾语时，常放在动词之后；Eg:I like
26、both pizza and pasta.我喜欢披萨和意大利面。both作定语时，可放在名词前，修饰复数名词，表示“两个都”；Eg: I have a friend who is both a doctor and a lawyer.我有一个既是医生又是律师的朋友。 Both作同位语时，放在be动词或行为动词之前。Eg: They are both from Australia.他们两人都是澳大利亚人。【常见搭配】 both A and B 两者都Both of . .两个Eg: She can speak both English and French.她即会说英语也会说法语。Both of
27、 them are not right.两者都不是正确的。16.Did you learn anything interesting about him? 你了解一些关于他的趣事吗？【用法讲解】 anything为不定代词，译为“任何人、某些人”，主要用于疑问句、否定句或条件从句；形容词修饰anything时要后置。Eg: Is there anything in the box? 盒子里有什么吗？I dont know anything about it.我对此一无所知。If you remember anything, please let us know.如果你还记得什么，请告诉我们。T
28、here isnt anything important today.今天没有什么重要的事。B部分1.They tasted the chocolate and said if they liked it or not. 他们尝了一下巧克力说是否他们喜欢它？【用法讲解】 Taste为名词，译为“味道、滋味”；taste也可为动词，译为“品尝”；taste亦可为系动词，译为“尝起来”，后面需接形容词或介词短语作表语。Eg: Sugar has a sweet taste.糖有种甜甜的味道。May I taste it? 我可以品尝一下吗？The cakes taste delicious.蛋糕尝
29、起来很美味。2.A sentence is made up of several parts and each has its own meaning.一个句子有几部分组成，每个有它自己的意思。【用法讲解】 made在此处为动词make的过去分词，前面通常需加be动词的适当形式。【常见搭配】 be made of .由.制成（能看出原材料）Be made from.由.制成（看不出原材料）Be made in 地点 在.制作Be made by 人由某人制造Be made into .被制成.Be made up of.由.制成Eg: The chair is made of bamboo.这
30、把椅子是竹子做的。The paper is made form wood.纸是由木材制成的。The pen is made in China.这支钢笔是中国制造的。This cake is made by my mom.这个蛋糕是我妈妈制作的。Grapes can be made into wine.葡萄可以被制成葡萄酒。The team is made up of ten boys. 这支队伍由十个男孩组成。3.Journey to the West is one of my favourites.西游记是我最爱之一。【用法详解】 favourite为形容词，译为“最喜欢的”，后面常接名词，
31、前面必须有形容词性物主代词或名词所有格；favourite也可为名词，译为“最喜欢的人/物”。Eg: favourite food 最喜欢的食物Her favourite subject is English.= She likes English best.她最喜欢的学科是英语。This book is my favourite. 这本书是我最喜欢的。【常见搭配】 whats ones favourite .? 某人最喜欢的.是什么？Ones favourite .is.? 某人最喜欢的.是.Eg: - What is your favourite music? 你最喜欢的音乐是什么？- M
32、y favourite music is pop music.我最喜欢的音乐是流行乐。4.Also, I could do other things at the same time.我也可以同时做其它的事。【用法讲解】 time为可数名词时，译为“次数”，time为不可数名词时，译为“时间”。【常见搭配】 at the time 当时three times 三次How many times多少次All the time一直At the same time同时On time准时In time 及时Ahead of time 提前Eg: It seemed like a good idea at
33、 the time.当时这注意好像不错。How many times do you visit your grandparents in a week? 你一周看望爷爷奶奶几次？Its time for dinner.= Its time to have dinner.到了吃晚饭的时候了。You cant be with your baby all the time.你不能总守在你的宝宝身边。All the boats and carts started off at the same time.车船齐发。The bus came right on time.公共汽车正好准时到达。I hope
34、 we get there in time.我希望我们及时到达那里。We finished 15 minutes ahead of time.我们提前15分钟完成。5.It often takes place in another world and at a different time.它经常发生在另一个世界不同的时间。【易混辨析】 happen和take place的区别happen通常用于描述偶然或突发性事件，强调事件的不可预测性和偶然性；Take place通常用于描述按计划或安排发生的事件，强调事件的计划性和预谋性。Eg: An accident happened yesterda
35、y.昨天发生了一起事故。6.Fantasy stories allow us to enjoy an imagined world and take a break from our everyday lives.奇幻故事允许我们欣赏一个想象的世界并且从我们的日常生活中休息。【用法讲解】 Allow为动词，译为“允许”，常以被动语态形式出现。【常见搭配】 be allowed to do sth.被允许做某事Allow sb.to do sth.允许某人做某事Allow doing sth.允许做某事Allow for 考虑到、体谅Eg: She is allowed to watch TV
36、after school.她放学后被允许看电视。Please allow me to carry your bag.请允许我替你拿包。They allowed smoking in this room only.他们只允许在这间屋子里吸烟。We should allow for every possible delay.我们考虑到任何可能的延误。7.Something may seem like a good idea. 有些事似乎是一个好主意。【用法讲解】 seem为动词，译为“看来、似乎、好像”。【常见搭配】 seem + 形容词似乎.Seem (to be) + 表语看来、好像Seem
37、to do sth.似乎做、好像做It seems that 从句 似乎.Eg: The boys seemed hungry when I saw them.当我看到这些男孩时，他们似乎很饿。Jenny seems (to be) a very clever girl.珍妮看上去是一个非常聪明的女孩。Mrs.White doesnt seem to like the house.怀特夫人似乎不太喜欢这个屋子。It seems that no one has found out the reasons for the accident.似乎没有人知道事故发生的原因。8.I like that
38、one as well.我也喜欢这个。【易混辨析】 Too, as well, also与either区别：Too “也”常位于肯定句句尾，前面有逗号。As well “也”常位于肯定句句尾，无逗号。Also “也”位于句中，be动词、助动词、情态动词后Either “也”位于否定句句尾。Eg: She is a student, too.= She is a student as well.= She is also a student.她也是一名学生。She isnt a student, either. 她也不是一名学生。9.She works so hard and never giv
39、es up in the face of difficult tasks. 她努力工作，面对困难时从不放弃。【用法讲解】 此句中hard也可为副词，译为“努力地、猛烈地”，hard为形容词，译为“难的”；也可译为“坚固的、结实的”；Eg: It rained hard in the summer of 2021.2021年夏天的那场雨下得很猛烈。Its very hard to maintain a relationship.维持一段关系是很困难的。After the earthquake, the new building is still standing there.It is very
40、 hard.地震过后，那座新的大楼依然屹立不倒，它很坚固。Most importantly, you must work hard to catch up. 最为重要的是，你必须努力学习，迎头赶上。【派生词】 hardly为副词，译为“几乎不”；harden为动词，译为“变硬”。Eg: I could hardly believe my luck when he said yes.听她说行，我几乎不敢相信自己会这么走运。The metal hardens when it is cooled. 金属冷却时会变硬。10.That story teaches us a good lesson for
41、 life: never give up on our goals.那个故事给我们的生活上了一堂精彩的课：永远不要放弃我们的目标。【用法讲解】 teach为动词，译为“教授、讲授、教”，其过去式为taught。【常见搭配】 teach sb.dth.= teach sth.to sb.教某人某物Teach sb.to do sth.教某人做某事Teach oneself自学Teach sb.a lesson教训某人Teach by example以身作则Eg: I taught him English.= I taught English to him.我教他英语。Sally taught m
42、e to swim.莎莉教我游泳。He taught himself how to learn English.他自学英语。The failure taught him a valuable lesson about perseverance. 这次失败让他明白坚持的重要教训。She teaches by example and always demonstrates good behaviour.她以身作则，总是表现出良好的行为。【派生词】 teacher为名词，译为“教师”。Eg: Miss Wang is our English teacher.王老师是我们英语老师。11.Then sh
43、e felt a little ill.然后她感觉有点不舒服。【用法讲解】ill为形容词，译为“生病的、不好的”，其名词形式为illness，译为“疾病”。Eg: My little sister was ill, I must take care of her at home.我的小妹妹生病了，我必须在家照顾她。【易混辨析】 ill和sick区别ill “有病的”作表语，不作定语，后接with和from表原因，若ill作定语，表“恶劣的；邪恶的”sick“生病的”在句中作定语，还可表示“呕吐的，恶心的”sick后可用with表原因Eg: That ill woman killed her o
44、wn daughter.那位邪恶的女士杀了她自己的女儿。My daughter was sick with a cold. 我女儿生病感冒了。12.Suddenly, her body became smaller and smaller.突然，她的身体变得越来越小。【用法讲解】 smaller and smaller译为“越来越小”；在英语中“比较级 and 比较级”的结构来表示“越来越.”。注意：多音节结构为“more and more + 形容词”。Eg: The days get longer and longer in summer.夏天白天变得越来越长。She becomes mo
45、re and more beautiful. 她变得越来越漂亮。【易混辨析】 become, turn, go, grow和get的区别Become译为“变得”，强调变化过程的完成及身份的变化；Turn译为“变得”，强调变化的结果，侧重颜色、方向或状态的变化；go译为“变得”，强调由好变坏；grow译为“变得”，强调逐渐变化的过程；get译为“变得”，强调短暂或逐渐的变化，常与形容词连用。Eg: He became famous.他变得很有名。The leaves turned yellow in autumn.树叶在秋天变成黄色。The meat went bad.肉变质了。The tree
46、 grew tall. 树长高了。The days are getting longer and longer.白天变得越来越长。13.Alice had to go back to the table.爱丽丝不得不回到桌子边。【用法讲解】 go back译为“回到”，其同义词为return；后面可接“to + 地点”结构。Eg: We will go back to Beijing tomorrow.= We will return to Beijing tomorrow.我们明天回北京。【易混辨析】have to和must区别Have to强调客观上的需要，表示由于客观因素而不得不做某事；
47、Must 强调主观上的义务或责任，表示说话者认为有必要或有义务去做某事。Eg: I have to go now because I have an appointment.我必须现在走，因为我有约。You must study hard to pass the exam.你必须努力学习才能通过考试。14.Then she saw a piece of cake in a box under the table. 然后她看到桌子下的盒子里有一块蛋糕。【用法讲解】 不可数名词的量化：通常不可数名词没有复数形式，不能用a/an修饰，且不能用数词直接修饰。不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数注意：
48、不可数名词的量化具体的量：数词+表示数量的名词+of+不可数名词；如：a piece of paper 一张纸；three kilos of rice 三公斤大米大概的量：表示量的限定词+不可数名词（用some, much, little, a little, a lot of等表示）；如：some water 一些水；a lot of money 许多钱【知识拓展】 a piece of cake还可译为“小事一桩、小菜一碟”。Eg: This test was a piece of cake.I didnt have to study so much!这次考试是小菜一碟，我用不着学那么多。
49、15.A poor boy wins a tour of a very magical and strange chocolate factory.一个贫穷的小男孩赢得了一个非常神奇和奇怪的巧克力工厂之旅。【用法讲解】 win为动词，译为“赢得、获胜”，其过去式为won。Eg: Everyone has a chance to win.每个人都有机会赢。【常见搭配】 win through 克服困难/阻碍win the game 赢得比赛Win a prize 赢得奖品Eg: The explorers won through the treacherous mountains.探险者们穿越了
50、险峻的山脉。We must win the football match as long as we work hard.只要我们努力练习就一定会赢得比赛。She is the winner of the race.她是这次比赛的赢家。【派生词】 winner为名词，译为“获胜者”。Eg: The winner will receive ten pounds worth of books.获胜者将得到价值十英镑的书籍。【易混辨析】 win和beat的区别Win后面常接比赛或奖品；Beat后面接人或队伍。Eg: They won the game, but we beat them in the
51、 final.他们赢得了比赛，但是我们在总决赛打败了他们。16.A great success 一个伟大的成功【用法讲解】 success为不可数名词，译为“成功、胜利、成就”。【派生词】 succeed为动词，译为“成功、继承”；successful为形容词，译为“成功的”；Successfully为副词，译为“成功地”。Eg: His plan succeeded.他的计划成功了。Confidence is the key to success.信心是成功的关键。She is a successful actress.她是一名成功的演员。【常见搭配】 the key to success成
52、功的秘诀succeed in doing sth.成功做某事Succeed to sth.继承某物Succeed after sth.接替某物Be successful in doing sth.成功做某事Eg: Do you know the key to success? 你知道成功的秘诀吗？ He succeed in passing the exam.他成功地通过了考试。She succeeded to the mayoralty.她继承了市长职位。We succeeded after Churchill as Prime Minister? 谁接替邱吉尔出任首相？They were successful in winning the contract.他们终于争取了那份合同。9
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