1、七年级英语上册语法知识Starter Unit 1 Hello!物主代词一、形物代（形容词性物主代词）单数 复数我的my our 我们的你的your your 你们的他的 his their 他们的她的 her their 她们的它的its their 它们的用法形物代相当于形容词，放在名词前面。Her name is Teng FeiHis bike isnt new .My books are old .二、名物代（名词性物主代词）单数 复数我的 mine ours 我们的你的 yours yours 你们的他的 his theirs 他们的她的 hers theirs 她们的它的 its
2、 theirs 它们的用法名词性物主代词作名词用，后面不能接名词。The ball is yours .That dog isnt hers .These English books are mineStarter Unit 2 Keep Tidy一、冠词含义：冠词是用在名词前的一种虚词，本身无词义，不能单独使用，主要用来说明名词所指的人或事物。英语中的冠词分为不定冠词a,an、定冠词the和零冠词(不用冠词）二、不定冠词a,an不定冠词有 a 和 an 两种形式。a用在辅音音素开头单词前，an用在元音音素开头单词前。a,an 用法1.泛指某人某物A tiger is a dangerous
3、animal .2.数量“一 ”I have an eraser. He has a sister.3.表示每一I play basketball four times a week .4.用在序数词前，又一,再一I have an apple, but I want a second one.5.短语固定搭配中have a look a lot of have a rest三、定冠词thethe用法1.特指某人或某物Its the big room that he wants to live in.Close the door , please .2.指上文已经提到的人或事物I have a
4、 cat.The cat is cute .3.指世界上独一无二的事物The earth goes around the sun. The moon is bright.4.用在序数词、形容词最高级前The first picture is better than the third one .Its the most interesting storybook.5.某些专有名词前the Great Wall the United States6.形容词前，指某一类人the poor the rich7.用在姓氏复数形式前，指全家人或“夫妻”the Greens the Whites8.某些固
5、定短语搭配中in the middle in the future all the time9.用在乐器前play the piano play the guitar play the violin四、零冠词就是名词前不用冠词1.某些专有名词前Class Two Tian an Men Square Huanchuan Middle School可数名词前已有定语my book Mikes pen2.在星期、月份、季节、节日前On Sunday in March in spring on Women s Day3.姓名前 Amy Tom Ms Li Mr Huang4.三餐饭和球类前have
6、lunch have breakfast play basketball play football5.某些固定词组搭配day and night go to bed go home go swimming五、方位介词表事物存在的位置或方向的介词1.in 在里面My books are in my schoolbag.2.on 在上面（物体直接接触）There are some apples on the table.3.under 在下面(正下方）The cat is under the table.Starter Unit 3 Welcome!一 、指示代词用来指代或标记人或事物的代词单数
7、 复数近指 this 这 these 这些远指 that 那 those 那些其它指示代词 ：such如此， 这样 same 相同 so 如此二、指示代词用法1指代人或物These are beautiful flowers.Those are dogs.This is Amy .That is my friend .2.指上文提过的人或物，避免重复He was ill . That s why he didnt go to school .3.打电话用语，this指自己，that 询问对方Hi ! This is Kate. Who s that ?4. that 常用于习语中That s
8、all right 不用谢。That all . 就这些。Thats that .就这样。That s to say 也就是说5.that在复合句中作连词，无义。Who is the girl that was here just now?三、可数名词复数含义：能以数目来计算，数数的人或物的复数形式。可数名词单数变可数名词复数规则变化一般情况,在词尾直接加- scow cows , pig pigs , horse horses ,duckducks1.以 s 、 x 、 sh、 ch 结尾的名词,在词尾加-esbus buses , box boxes , dish dishes , wat
9、ch watches fishfishes2.以辅音字母y结尾的名词，变 y 为i ，再加- esbaby -babies , city cities , family - families countrycountries strawberrystrawberries3.以 f 或 fe 结尾的名词,一般将 f 或 fe 变为 v ，再加- es knife knives , leaf leaves , wolf wolves特别：roof roofs , belief beliefs4.以 o 结尾的名词表示无生命事物的加- szoo zoos , photo photos表示有生命事物的
10、加- eshero heroes , potato potatoes tomatotomatoes不规则变化单复数同形deer deer , sheep sheep , Chinese Chinese2.a变e, oo变eeman men , woman women , foot feet , tooth teeth , goose geese3.在词尾加enchild children , ox oxen4.其它特殊变化mouse mice5.只有复数形式的名词trousers , glasses , scissors , shorts , jeansclothes , thanks , p
11、olice ,goods6.复合可数名词的复数通常将主体名词变为复数passer - by passers - by , mother - in - law mothers - in - lawlooker onlookers on没有主体名词，最后一部分变复数a boy student two boy studentsan apple tree three apple treesa baby chicken five baby chickensa tomato plant six tomato plants由man或woman构成的复合词，两部分都变为复数a man doctor two m
12、en doctorsa woman nurse three women nursesUnit 1 You and Mebe(am ， is , are )在一般现在时中的用法一、系动词be有多种形式am is are was were being been二、含义：“是 、在、 存在、 ”等I+amhe / she / it 单数+isyou /we / they /复数+are三、结构肯定句 ：主 be 其它He is Tom.否定句： 主 be + not 其它We arent from Hubei.一般疑问句：Be 主其它?Is that a tiger?特殊疑问句：疑问词 be 主其它
13、？Where is Lucy from?注意：there be ( is / are ）表“某地有某人某物”There is a book on the table.There are some apples in the box.四、be 的缩写形式I m you re he s she sit s we re they re isn taren t that s what s who swho re where s where re五、 be 的回答1.Am I ?Yes , you are ./No , you are not .2.Are we ?Yes , we / you are
14、./No , we / you are not .3.Are you （你）?Yes , I am ./No , I am not .4.Are you （你们）?Yes , we are ./No , we are not .5.Are they?Yes,they are./No,they arent.6.Is he/she/it?Yes,he/she/it is./No,he/she/it isnt.Unit 2 Were Family!一、一般现在时含义： 用来描述经常发生的动作或存在的状态。二、在肯定句中，当主语是非单三人称/复数时，作谓语的实义动词要用原形。I like swimmi
15、ng and dancing .We like playing basketball .They like watching TV .Three dogs run on the playground every day.三、在肯定句中，当主语是单三人称/单数时，作谓语的实义动词要用动词的单数第三人称形式。Tom likes shopping and singing.Lucy plays ping - pong twice a week.My mother eats an apple every day.My father likes going fishing .He watches TV e
16、very weekend.四、实义动词的一般现在时的句子结构肯定句：1.非单三主语动词原形2. 单三主语动词单三式否定句：1.非单三主语 dont 动词原形2.单三主语 doesn t 动词原形一般疑问句：1. Do 非单三主语动原?2.Does 单三主语动原?肯定回答： Yes ，主 do / does .否定回答： No ，主 don t / doesn t .四、实义动词的第3人称单数形式变化规则1.动词尾加-splay plays looklooks likelikesspendspends talktalksmake makes2.以字母 s , x . ch . sh 结尾单词，词尾加-eswatch watches matchmatches fixfixes washwashes passpasses guessguesses3以辅音字母+y 结尾单词，变 y 为 i ,再加 -esflyflies ,study studies carrycarries crycries4.不规则变化have has go goes dodoes5
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