1、2021高考英语阅读之长难句分析与练习（八）Exercise 1：长难句分析1. Having heard wolves howling in the forest, Lala accelerated her walk up the path to the caves fearing that there might be wild beasts lying in wait for her. 【句式翻译】 【句式分析】 【词语点拨】1)accelerate v. 加快，加速 要赶超世界先进水平，我们还得快马加鞭。 阳光 、 新鲜空气和休息常会促使病人早日康复。2)lie vi.平躺；位于（la
2、y, lain）；撒谎（lied, lied）；n.撒谎 工厂在小镇的西边。 戴维感到疲劳，所以去躺下休息了。 我进去时，发现他的书平摊在书桌上。 理查德没讲实话，他在撒谎。 找到这个经理的唯一办法是，等着他从会议结束出来。【语法点拨】1)having done作状语：具体用法参见第25句。2）现在分词作状语：现在分词doing所代表的动作或状态与谓语动词是同时或几乎是同时发生的，可以作时间、原因、方式、条件、结果、目的、让步、伴随等状语。分词的逻辑主语就是句子的主语。如： 他一冲出屋子就被一辆车撞倒了。 我表兄去深圳了，希望在那儿找份工作。 小孩摔了一跤，头在门上碰了一下。 过去几年里，这个
3、国家经历了艰难的时期，遭受了几次致命的地震。 因为是春天，所以花都盛开着。有些分词作状语，没有逻辑上的主语，已成为习惯用法：considering, judging from, talking of, allowing for(考虑到), generally/frankly/honestly/roughly/strictly speaking, assuming that（假设）等。如： 说到这部电影，好极了。 假定那是真的, 我们现在该怎麽办? 根据风向测度, 今天不会下雨。 严格地说, 社会心理学研究人们的群体行为。2. Having scared the little beings, I
4、 began struggling to get loose and managed to break the strings that tied my left arm and slightly moved the strings that tied down my hair. 【句式翻译】 【句式分析】 【词语点拨】struggle vi. 搏斗; 挣扎；争取 n.打斗；挣扎；斗争 登山者在强风中艰难的行走，最终到达山顶。 他们艰难地逃离了着火的大楼。 经过一番斗争，我把情绪控制住了。【语法点拨】1)having done作状语，具体用法参见第25句。2)不定式to do常跟在下列动词后作
5、宾语：ask, agree, beg, begin, start, wish, choose, decide, expect, fail, hope, manage, seek, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, want, would/should like等。如： 他的父母决意在乡下居住。 我们约定在这里见面，但是到现在她还没露面。 明天和我们一起去野餐好吗？3. Having killed up to 50 million people in 18 months, with a tendency to strike the y
6、oung and fit rather than the old, the Spanish Flu is believed to have been the most acute epidemic in history. 【句式翻译】 【句式分析】 【词语点拨】strike vt. 攻（袭）击；打，打动； (钟)敲响报(时); 使突然想起 n.打击；罢工 冬天暴风雪常常袭击那个地区。 趁热打铁。 钟敲十二点。 我被西湖的美景给迷住了。 我突然想到, 我应该制订一个新的方案。 公共汽车司机罢工好几天了。【语法点拨】1）(sth/sb)be believed to do/be 被认为做/是= It
7、 is/ was believed that，在这个句式中，不定式作主语补足语，可以代替believe用于这个句式的动词还有：say, suppose, think, know, report等。如： 你知道为什么星期五被认为是不吉利的日子吗？ 多年来人们一直相信这座古堡里面居住着幽灵。 人们认为建造这座大金字塔花去了20多年的时间。 姚明被认为是世界上最棒的篮球运动员之一。4. Today the “Fringe”, once less recognized, has far outgrown the festival with around 1,500 performances of th
8、eatre, music and dance on every one of the 21 days it lasts.【解析】 【翻译】 5. Given that many peoples moods (情绪) are regulated by the chemical action of chocolate, it was probably only a matter of time before somebody made the chocolate shop similar to a drug store of Chinese medicine.【解析】 【翻译】 Exercise
9、2：阅读练习If you are in a dilemma(困境) about being self-taught or getting formal education,you have come to the right webpage.In this article,we note the advantages of each of these to help you decide which one would be the best for you.Perhaps the biggest advantage of being self-taught is that you are a
10、ble to save a lot of money.With each passing year,the cost of getting a degree is on the rise.As a result,many students these days tend to graduate from college with a significant amount of debt.This makes it necessary for them to get a job as soon as possible,otherwise a number of serious issues ma
11、y arise.Besides,it is possible to learn faster on your own,by focusing on only those areas that you are interested in.Finally,learning on your own can be a great confidence-builder.You have to struggle to gain knowledge but once you clear the basics on your own,you will find yourself being much more
12、 confident about your abilities.One of the biggest advantages of formal education is that you get a degree which is a mark of recognition that you have achieved a level of knowledge in that particular field.Many companies tend to prefer candidates who have a college degree.Whats more,though formal e
13、ducation lacks the convenience and flexibility of self-education,it offers you much more in terms of the actual structure of the learning process.Last,being formally educated means that you will enter a college or other similar educational institutions.There you will get the benefit of being taught
14、and guided by learned teachers and other subject experts.This will be a big benefit as you will be able to take advantage of their experience and gain in-depth knowledge about the subject.Thus,both formal education and self-education have their own sets of advantages.The choice between the two comes
15、 down to individual preference as well as personal situation.1.Which of the following is an advantage of self-education?A.A faster pace of learning.B.Being guided by subject experts.C.A wider range of ways to gain knowledge.D.Having more chances of getting part-time jobs.2.To get the benefit of bein
16、g taught by learned experts,you should .A.choose self-educationB.enter an educational institutionC.work for learned teachersD.make use of webpages about education3.What is the most important factor in choosing the way of education?A.The reputation of educational institutions.B.The knowledge of teach
17、ers and experts.C.The opinions of relatives and friends.D.Ones preference and situation.4.What is the authors purpose of writing this text?A.To promote a webpage about education.B.To prove that self-education is the best choice.C.To help readers choose between two forms of education.D.To prove that
18、its difficult to decide on the proper education.参考答案1. 【句式翻译】拉拉沿着回洞穴的路走着，听到狼群在森林里嚎叫，她的步伐加快了，担心会有野兽在等者伏击她。【句式分析】本句是复合句，that引导宾语从句，Having heard 和fearing在句中作状语。 In order to catch up with and surpass the advanced world levels well have to accelerate our speed. Sunshine, fresh air, and rest often acceler
19、ate a persons recovery from sickness. The factory lies to the west of town. David felt tired, so he went and lay down for a rest. His books lay open on the desk when I went in. Richard wasnt telling the truth. He was lying. The only way to meet the manager is to lie in wait for him as he leaves one
20、of his meetings. Rushing out of the house, he was knocked down by a car. My cousin went to Shenzhen, hoping to find a job there. The child fell，striking his head against the door. In the last few years, the country has had a hard time, suffering several killer quakes. Being spring, the flowers are i
21、n full bloom. Talking of this film, its wonderful. Assuming that it is true, what should we do now? Judging by the direction of the wind, it wont rain today. Social psychology, strictly speaking, deals with the behavior of people in groups. 2. 【句式翻译】吓跑了小人，我开始挣扎以使绳子松开，终于挣断了绑着左臂的绳子，并轻轻地解开绑着头发的绳子。【句式分析
22、】本句是复合句，两个that在从句中都引导定语从句，修饰先行词the strings，Having scared在句中作状语，to break作manage的宾语。The climbers struggled against the strong wind and finally reached the top of the mountain. They struggled to get out of the burning building. With a struggle, I managed to control my feelings. His parents choose to li
23、ve in the countryside. We agreed to meet here, but so far she hasnt turned up yet. Would you like to go and have a picnic with us tomorrow? 3. 【句式翻译】西班牙流感在十八个月内夺去了五千万人的生命，该病似乎专门袭击年轻力壮的人，而不是老迈长者，被认为是历史上最严重的一次传染病。【句式分析】本句是简单句，包含有一个句式：be believed to do/be 被认为做/是，Having killed在句中作状语，to strike作定语，修饰tende
24、ncy。Snowstorms often strike that area in winter. Strike while the iron is hot. The clock struck twelve. I was struck by the beauty of the West Lake.It suddenly struck me that I ought to make a new plan.The bus drivers have been on strike for several days. Do you know why Friday is believed to be an
25、unlucky day? The old castle was believed to have ghosts living in it for many years. The great pyramid is believed to have been built over a 20-year period. Yao Ming is thought to be one of the best basketball players in the world. 4. 【解析】本句中“once less recognized”为省略句，省略了it was；此外还含有一个with sth. on结构
26、，on在此处意为“上演”，“it last”是定语从句，修饰先行词21days。【翻译】曾经不被怎么人们认可的“艺穗节”如今的规模已经远远超越了艺术节，在艺为期21天的活动中，每天要上演约1500场戏剧、音乐和舞蹈。5. 【解析】given that意为“考虑到，鉴于情况”，引导原因状语从句；主句中还含有一个before 引导的时间状语从句。【翻译】鉴于很多人的情绪是由巧克力的化学作用来调节的，那么有人把巧克力商店做成好像中药店一样可能只是个时间问题了。【语篇导读】本文分析了正规教育和自考教育各自的优势。自考教育或接受正规教育的选择取决于个人喜好和个人情况。1.A细节理解题。根据第二段内容,可
27、总结出自学的三个优点“save a lot of money.Besides,it is possible to learn faster on your own,by focusing on only those areas that you are interested in.a great confidence-builder”。A项是其第二个优点。2.B细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Last,being formally educated means that you will enter a college or other similar educational institutio
28、ns.There you will get the benefit of being taught and guided by learned teachers and other subject experts.”可知,要想获得有学问的专家的指导,可以进入“an educational institution”,故B项正确。3.D细节理解题。根据最后一段的最后一句“The choice between the two comes down to individual preference as well as personal situation.” 可知,两者之间的选择取决于个人喜好和个人情况。4.C推理判断题。本文第一段告诉读者“如果你正处于选择自考教育或接受正规教育的两难境地,那么你就来对了地方了。在这篇文章中,我们会举出每一种教育的优点,以帮助您决定哪一种最适合您的情况。”,接着第二段和第三段各自分析二者的优点,最后一段说 “因此,正规教育和自考教育都有自己的优势。两者之间的选择取决于个人喜好和个人情况。”由此可知C项正确。