1、2021高考英语阅读之长难句分析与练习（一）Exercise 1：长难句分析1. For example, adolescent boys are more likely to buy computer games than any other group, so it makes sense to make computer game ads that appeal to this group. 【句式翻译】 【句式分析】 【词语点拨】1)likely adj. 可能的；常用于句型：sb/sth be likely to do= it is likely that 可能做 很可能他今晚会给我
2、发电子邮件。 这个公司可能要在我们的城市建立分公司。2) make sense 有意义；讲得通；make sense of 理解 我不理解这些指示-根本讲不通嘛。 我们我们把句子看了一遍, 但不明白它说些什么。3) appeal to吸引；appeal to sb. for sth/appeal to sb. to do sth 呼吁某人干某事；求助于 我喜欢蓝色和红色, 而不喜欢灰色或黄色。 杰克真切地向朋友请求支持。 我们可以在网上查找我们需要的信息。【语法点拨】本句中的 than any other，意为“比其他任何一个”，所谈论的对象在比较的范围之内；若不在范围之内，则不用 other
3、。如： 中国比亚洲任何别的国家都大。 中国比非洲的任何国家都大。2. The more exposed young people are to financial issues, and the younger they become aware of them, the more likely they are to become responsible, forward-planning adults who manage their finances confidently and effectively.【句式翻译】 【句式分析】 【词语点拨】1) expose vt.揭露；使暴露；b
4、e exposed to暴露于；接触 我们一定要向报社揭露这一无耻行径。 我们应当让孩子们接触新思想。2）manage v.应付，设法对付；管理；能解决；manage to do设法做成 我们需要擅长管理的人。 他设法把游客及时送到机场。 如果掌控小帆船不够小心，它们在水中就容易翻。【语法点拨】“the+比较级，the+比较级”，表示“越越”。如： 我们越是多聚会, 我们越快乐。 她越干越来劲。3. She found that kids praised for “trying hard” did better on testes and were more likely to take on
5、 difficult assignments than those praised for being “smart”. 【句式翻译】 【句式分析】 【词语点拨】take on 承担；呈现 他一向乐于挑重担。 变色龙可呈现出与其背景相同的颜色。【语法点拨】当我们要对两个人或物进行比较时，就采用比较级，比较级的构成：形容词或副词的比较级+than+比较成分，意思是：“更些”或“较”。 当别人需要帮助时，行动胜于语言。 一句话，实践远比书本知识重要。4. Perhaps more importantly, the better you are at managing the time you de
6、vote to your studies, the more time you will have to spend on your outside interests. 【句式翻译】 【句式分析】 【词语点拨】1) devote vt.献身；专心于；常接time/money/energy/life/oneself作宾语，构成短语be devoted to=devote oneself to献身于，致力于；to为介词，后面接名词、代词或者动名词。 郎朗小时候就把很多时间都用来弹钢琴。 结婚之后这个歌手无法全力倾注于音乐。2）spend some money/ time on sth=spend
7、 some money/time (in) doing sth表示“花费(时间、金钱等)做某事”，其中的介词in可以省略。 这所学校大多数学生每天花三个小时做家庭作业。 用很多时间玩电脑游戏对孩子是有害的。【语法点拨】“the+比较级，the+比较级”，表示“越越”，具体用法参见第2句。5. He worked there through his school and university years until 1942, a year after he had gained a Masters degree at university in chemistry. 【句式翻译】 【句式分析】
8、 【词语点拨】gain vt.（经过努力）获得，取得 我们从反复训练中获取知识。 他们认识到仅仅通过这个考试，并不能确保在大学获得一席之位。【语法点拨】过去完成时的构成：had done，表示“过去某一时间或动作以前已经发生或完成了的动作。它表示动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”。表示过去某一时间可用by, before, after等构成的短语，也可用when, before等引导的从句或通过上下文表示。如： 当她终于收到她盼望已久的礼物时，她兴奋得两眼闪光。 12岁时，爱迪生就开始自己谋生。Exercise 2：阅读练习The meaning of silence varies among c
9、ultural groups.Silences may be thoughtful, or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say. A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness, uneasiness, or worry. Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable; therefore attempts may be made to fill every gap(间
10、隙) with conversation. Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for understanding a persons needs.Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people, just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do. Therefore, when a perso
11、n from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops, what may be implied(暗示) is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing.In these cultures, silence is a call for reflection.Other cultures may use silence in other ways, particularly when dealing with
12、 conflicts among people or in relationships of people with different amounts of power. For example, Russian, French, and Spanish persons may use silence to show agreement between parties about the topic under discussion. However, Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person in au
13、thority rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her. In still another use, persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect, particularly to an elder or a person in authority.Nurses and other care-givers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence when they
14、come across the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing. Nurses should recognize their own personal and cultural construction of silence so that a patients silence is not interrupted too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily. A nurse who understands the healing(治愈) value of silence can
15、 use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures.1.What does the author say about silence in conversations?A.It implies anger.B.It promotes friendship.C.It is culture-specific.D.It is content-based.2.Which of the following people might regard silence a
16、s a call for careful thought?A.The Chinese.B.The French.C.The Mexicans.D.The Russians.3.What does the author advise nurses to do about silence?A.Let it continue as the patient pleases.B.Break it while treating patients.C.Evaluate its harm to patients.D.Make use of its healing effects.4.What may be t
17、he best title for the text?A.Sound and SilenceB.What It Means to Be SilentC.Silence to Native AmericansD.Speech Is Silver; Silence Is Gold参考答案1. 【句式翻译】例如，进入青春期的男孩子就可能比任何其他人群更愿意购买电脑游戏，因此，针对这个目标群体制作有吸引力的电脑游戏广告是有意义的。【句式分析】本句是一个含有so引导的结果状语从句的复合句，同时又含有一个than引导的比较状语从句。Hes very likely to send me an email t
18、onight. =Its very likely that hell send me an email tonight. The company is likely to set up a branch in our city. =Its likely that the company will set up a branch in our city. I cant follow these instructions - they dont make sense. We read the sentence through, but could not make sense of it. Blu
19、e and red appeal to me, but I dont like gray or yellow. Jack sincerely appealed to his friends to support him. We can appeal to the website for the information we need. China is larger than any other country in Asia. China is larger than any country in Africa. 2. 【句式翻译】年轻人越接触经济问题，他们就能越早地了解这些问题，他们就更有
20、可能成为有责任感的、早作打算的成年人，能够有信心地、有效地管理自己的经济问题。【句式分析】本句含有“the+比较级，the+比较级”的句式，同时又含有一个who引导的限制性定语从句，修饰先行词adults。We must expose this shameful activity to the newspapers. We should allow children to be exposed to new ideas. We need people who are good at managing. He managed to send the tourists to the airport
21、 in time. Small sailboats can easily turn over in the water if they are not managed carefully. The more we get together, the happier well be. The longer she worked at it, the more enthusiastic she became. 3.【句式翻译】她发现因为努力被表扬的孩子比因为聪明被表扬的孩子在考试中表现得更好，更愿意承担困难的任务。【句式分析】本句含有一个than引导的比较状语从句。He is always rea
22、dy to take on heavy responsibilities. The chameleon can take on the colour of its background. Deeds are better than words when people are in need of help. In a word, practice is far more important than book knowledge. 4.【句式翻译】也许更重要的是，你越善于管理你的学习时间，你就会有更多的时间用在你课外的兴趣上。【句式分析】本句含有“the+比较级，the+比较级”的句式，同时含
23、有两个非限制性定语从句，分别修饰先行词the time和the more time。Lang Lang devoted a lot of time to playing the piano even when he was a little child. After her marriage, the singer couldnt devote herself totally to her music. Every day, most of the students in this school spend three hours on their homework. It is bad fo
24、r children to spend a lot of time playing computer games. 5.【句式翻译】他读中学和大学的那段时间都在那里工作，一直到1942年，也就是他在大学里获得化学硕士学位后的那一年。【句式分析】本句含有一个after引导的时间状语从句，从句中运用了过去完成时态。We gain knowledge by practicing again and again. They realized that passing the exam was no longer enough to gain a place at university. His eye
25、s shone brightly when he finally received the gift he had long expected. By the time he was twelve, Edison had begun to make a living by himself. 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了沉默在不同文化背景下的不同内涵。1.细节理解题。根据第一段The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups. A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness
26、, uneasiness, or worry. 可知，沉默的含义因文化群体而异，交谈中的沉默也可能表示固执、不安或担忧。所以作者认为谈话中的沉默是有文化特性的。故选C项。2.细节理解题。根据第二段中Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people, just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do. Therefore, when a person from one of these cultures
27、is speaking and suddenly stops, what may be implied(暗示) is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing可知，许多印第安人珍视沉默，认为这是人与人之间交流的基本组成部分，就像一些传统的中国人和泰国人一样。因此，当一个来自其中一种文化的人说话时突然停下来，暗示说话者想要倾听者在继续之前思考一下所说过的话。所以中国人认为谈话时人们沉默是为了让别人思考。故选A项。3.细节理解题。根据末段末句A nurse who understands the healing value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients 可知，了解沉默的治疗价值的护士可以利用这种了解来帮助护理病人。所以作者建议护士要用沉默来治疗病人。故选D 。4.主旨大意题。根据第一段“The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups”可知， 沉默的含义因文化群体而异。以及先问介绍了在不同文化背景下谈话期间的沉默的不同含义。所以短文的最佳标题是“沉默意味着什么”。故选B 。