1、Lesson 62drought(旱灾)tsunami(海啸)typhoon（台风）fire(火灾）control kntrul n.控制 be in control of sth.指挥，管理或控制 Who is in control of the plan?under control 在控制之中The fire has been under control.火势已受到控制。Dont worry,everything is under control.out of control 失去控制 The forest fire was out of control.这场森林火灾失去了控制。v.控制
2、I can control it.=I can manage it.我能对付(口语)Smokesmoke smuk n.烟（雾）full of smoke充满烟雾 There is no smoke without fire.无风不起浪 have a smoke 抽一只烟smoker n.抽烟的人 heavy smoker 烟瘾重的人；nonsmoker 不抽烟的人v.吸烟 Dont smoke!=No smoking!He smoked heavily.smoking area/smoking room 吸烟室 cigarette=cigar n.香烟desolate deslt adj.荒
3、凉的na desolate house 废屋ndesolate adj.荒凉的（与地方相连，表示无n人居住,荒无人烟的）；极度孤独的(与人相连n时)nlonely adj.孤独的，荒凉的，偏僻的（与地方n 连表示孤零零的，但并不表示无人居住）threaten retn v.n 威胁n threaten to do sth.威胁着要做；有迹象表明 n He threatened to make the photo public.n threaten sb.with sth.以来威胁/恐吓某人n The thief threatened him with a knife.n 有预兆n It thr
4、eatened to rain.有迹象表明天要下雨了。n surrounding sraundin adj.周围的 the surrounding country 近郊n n.周围的事物，环境n school surroundings 学校环境nsurround v围绕，包围，围住n I live in an old town which is surrounded nby beautiful woods.n destruction distrkn n.n破坏,毁灭n The fire caused the destruction of my books.n destructive adj.毁
5、灭性的 a destructive fire n destroy v.破坏n construct v.建设(为创造更好的条件)n construction n.建设,建筑n construction bank 建设银行flood fld n.洪水,水灾 at the flood 涨潮a flood of tears 泪如泉涌row against the flood 逆水行舟v.淹没 The room is flooded with water.v.溢满 Warmth flooded my heart.spray spreiv.喷撒 spray sth.over/on 往上喷洒 spray w
6、ater over/on flower spray grass-seed over/on the ground grass-seed 草籽 grassland 草地 grass-seeder 草籽播种机 grassroots 基层民众，草根quantity kwntti n.（数）量nquantities of 大量的 n=in large quantity 大量n small 少量nquality kwlti n.质量nsth.with good quality 具有好质量的东西n I prefer quality to quantity.root ru:t,rut n.根，根茎root o
7、f 的根take root 生根come out 长出来shoot come out 发芽（shoot n.芽）flower come out 开花n.本质;根源 the root of the problemv.使立定不动；使固定 Fear rooted her to the ground.她吓的呆若木鸡。v blacken blknvv.变黑，发暗v The smoke has blackened the walls.v烟把墙熏黑了。v-en后缀表示动词，译为“使变得”v weak adj.虚弱的 weaken v.v使变弱，削弱v dark adj 黑暗的darken v.v使变暗，模糊
8、1、Firemen had been fighting the forest fire for nearly three weeks before they could get it under control.fight sth.和作搏斗fire for freedom为自由而战 fight a good fight 打了一场漂亮的仗have a fight打仗get it under control 表示“使它得到控制”，get有“使处于某种状态”的含义，“get+宾语+介词短语”作宾补:2、A short time before,great trees had covered the c
9、ountryside for miles around.a short time before 不久以前，从过去某一点时间算起，一段时间以前（同义词组：a short while before,not long ago）great trees 参天大树for miles around 方圆几英里（around表示“在周围，向四周”）This is the only modern building for miles around.3、Now,smoke still rose up from the warm ground over the desolate hills.vrise up(fro
10、m)从 升上来vsmoke rise up (烟、雾)弥漫vrise to ones feet 站起身vrise in the world 出头，发迹vThe sun rises in the east.4、Winter was coming on and the hills threatened the surrounding villages with destruction,for heavy rain would not only wash away the soil but would cause serious floods as well.winter was coming on
11、 冬季即将来临(季节的来临的通用表达式)，come on的过去进行时形式表示的是过去将来时，它在这里表示季节的“到来，来临”：for 因为，由于（用于主句之后，补充说明理由）I ll follow his advice,for he is a doctor.下面两个词也可以表示原因：As it is raining,let s stay at home.Since you have no license,you are not allowed to drive.wash away 冲掉，冲走，洗掉 A wooden bridge was washed away by the flood.5、W
12、hen the fire had at last been put out,the forest authorities ordered several tons of a special type of grass-seed which would grow quickly.put out 扑灭 order定购We can order some more books online.命令，吩咐 order sb to do He ordered the army to circle the enemy.6、In place of the great trees which had been g
13、rowing there for centuries patches of green had begun to appear in the blackened soil.in place of 替代，取代(只能指代位置、空间，原来放的东西现在不在了)e.g.Jane couldnt go,so I attended the conference in her place.take the place of=replaceWho will take the place of Mr White?谁将代替怀特先生？instead of 替代+没做的事 Instead of staying home
14、,I went to school.Grammar1.构成，had+过去分词2.概念，它表示过去某时或某动作发生之前已经完成的动作或情况，即“较早的过去”。常用的连词有when,after,as soon as,(not)until,by thattime,(neverbefore,already,for,since,just等。After he had said goodbye to us all,Captain Alison started his journey.除此之外还常与连词no soonerthan和hardlywhen连用。He had hardly had time to s
15、ettle down when he sold the house and left the country.过去完成时（The simple past perfect tense)Grammar一、构成：had been+现在分词二、concept1、过去完成进行时用于强调某动作在过去更早的某一段时间内一直在进行，并对过去某一时刻产生结果。与它经常连用的表示时间的词有before,for,since,all day等.She was very tired.She had been typing letters all days.Id been racing horses for years
16、before I met my wife.过去完成进行时（the past perfect progressive tense)Grammar过去完成进行时与过去完成时的比较1、过去完成时和过去完成进行时有时可以替换使用：Dan had worked/had been working for the firm for fifteen years when I first met him.我第一次遇到丹时，他已在该公司干了15年了。2.She had cleaned the office,so it was very tidy.她已经打扫过办公室了，所以很整洁。(强调结果)She had bee
17、n cleaning the office,so we had to wait outside.她一直在打扫办公室，所以我们不得不在外面等着。(强调动作一直在进行)Grammar过去完成进行时与过去完成时的比较3、需要表示某个工作已经完成时，只能用过去完成时.When I got home,I found that Jill had been painting her room.我回到家时，看见吉尔在粉刷她的房间。（工作尚未完成）When I got home,I found that Jill had painted her room.我回到家时，吉尔已经粉刷过她的房间了。（已完成）When
18、 I arrived,theyd already put the fire out.我到达时，他们已经把火扑灭了。（不可用过去完成进行时）Exercises 1.they received the parcel that they _ for a long time.A.expected B.have expected C.had been expecting D.had expected2.He _ more than 5,000 English words when he entered university at the age of 15.A.has learned B.would h
19、ave learned C.learned D.had learned3.She didnt pass the exams because she_ her lessons well.A.wasnt prepared B.wasnt been prepared C.hadnt prepared D.was preparing4.We _ four thousand new words by the end of last years.A.had learned B.have learned C.learned D.will have learnedcDCBControl and Check1.
20、control vt.控制，指挥，支配，管理eg.Dont try to control other people.n.控制（能力），支配（能力）Its hard to keep the number of people cominginto the country under control.2.check vt.检查，核对，查看Theyre going to check our passports.Great and Big 1.great adj.大的(强调重要性)，伟大的，重大的，重要的Frank has just made a great decision.2.big adj.大的(强调面积、体积、规模上的大)Sam is a big man.Soil and Ground 1.soil n.泥土(能让植物生长的)，土，土地，土壤Trees and grass grow quickly in rich soil.2.ground n.地表，地面(与土壤无关)，场地，土地He threw the cup to the ground.
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