1、考点41 阅读理解主旨大意题高考频度：高考阅读理解对文章的主旨大意进行命题，旨在考查考生通过对原文快速浏览正确获取语篇的大意，并对文章的主题、标题、段落、中心思想加以归纳理解以及辨别主要信息和次要信息的能力。要求考生在阅读短文时，能够提炼文章的中心情节，体会作者的主要意图，充分运用逻辑概括能力，透过字里行间获取文章最具代表性的观点、中心论点及作者的情感倾向。在高考阅读理解中，针对短文主旨常见的命题形式如下：(1) What would be the best title for the text? /What is the topic of the text?(2) The main topi
2、c / subject of the passage is _.(3) The main idea/ The general idea is/ The main theme of this passage is(4) The last paragraph ends the passage with an emphasis on _.(5) What is mainly discussed in the text?(6) What is the main idea of the passage?(7) Whats the main point the writer is trying to ma
3、ke in the last paragraph?(8) The purpose of this passage is.(9) Which of the following statements is best supported by the text?(10) Which of the following best summarized the passage?(11) The passage mainly focuses on.从上述命题形式可以看出，此类阅读测试题主要可概括为两大类，即怎样理解段落及文章整体的中心思想和怎样拟定或选择恰当的标题。下面结合高考题实例来具体分析此类题目的解题
4、技巧。怎样理解段落及文章整体的主旨大意主题句定位法文章是由段落组成的。段落是发展一个主题的一群句子，段落围绕着中心思想展开，而段落的中心思想又是为文章整体的中心思想服务的。寻找具体段落的中心思想的方法是：通过分析篇章结构，找出每小段的主题句，通过主题句找出文章的主题。找准文章的主题句是确定文章主旨大意的关键。主题是文章要表达的中心思想，文章的主题句通常都有一个话题，它是文章的核心。“主题句定位法”是一种行之有效的方法。但是由于文章的不同，表现的手法也各有不同，主题句出现的位置也不是一成不变的。在许多情况下，尤其在阅读说明文和议论文时，根据其篇章特点我们可以通过寻找短文的主题句来归纳出文章的主题
5、。主题句在文章中的位置通常有三种情况：开头、中间、结尾（含在开头结尾同时出现、首尾呼应的主题句）。因此，仔细阅读这类文章或段落的首尾句是关键。做主旨大意类试题多采用浏览法(skimming)，浏览时，一般不需逐句细读，只选读文章的首段、尾段，或每段的首句和尾句，重点搜索主题线索和主题信息。文章主题常常可以通过文章的写作方法来体现，有以下五种情况：1. 中心主题句出现在文首开门见山，提出主题，随之用细节来解释、支撑或发展主题句所表达的主题思想。这是英语中最常见的演绎法写作方式，即由一般到特殊，先提出观点，后举例论证，主题句则出现在段首的写作方法。新闻报道通常就采用这种写法。新闻报道的首句通常称为
6、“新闻导语”，“导语”实际上就是主题句，是对全文内容的高度概括。大意题、标题一般可在第一句话找到答题依据。（2018新课标卷I）Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers,small, tightly knit (联系)groups developed their
7、own patterns of speech independent of each other.Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their language
8、s too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centres, trade,industrialisation. the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education. Especially glbalisation and better communications in the past few decades,all have caused many Languages to disappear,and d
9、ominant languages such as EnglishSpanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.At present, the world has about 6 800 languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages. Often spoken by many people while hot. wet zones
10、 have lots, often spoken by small numbers.Europe has only around 200 Languages: the Americas about 1,000. Africa 2 400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. The median number (中位数)of speakers is a mere 6.000, which means that half the wo
11、rlds languages are spoken by fewer people than that.Already well over 400 of the total of, 6,800 languages are close to extinction(消亡), with only a few elderly speakers left. Pick, at random, Busuu in Cameroon (eight remaining speakers),Chiapaneco in Mexico(150). Lipan Apache in the United States(tw
12、o or three)or Wadjigu in Australia (one, with a question-mark): none of these seems to have much chance of survival.31. What is the min idea of the text?A. New languages will be created.B. Peoples lifestyles are reflected in languagesC. Human development results in fewer languagesD. Geography determ
13、ines language evolution.【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文。文章讲述了随着社会的发展人类语言越来越少及其原因。【答案】C【解析】主旨要义题。根据文章第一段中的主题句Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going.可知，语言的产生和消失进行了几千年，但最近时代语言产生的少，消失的太多。故选C。2. 主题句出现在文尾在细节后，归纳要点、印象、结论、建议或结果，以概括主题。这
14、是英语中最常见的归纳法写作方式，即细节表述的句子在前，概括性的句子居后，主题句则常位于末段。The famous American gorilla(大猩猩) expert Diane Fossey had a completely new way to study gorillas she pretended to be one of them. She copied their actions and way of life eating plants and getting down on her hands and knees to walk the way a gorilla does
15、. It was a new relationship.Diane Fossey was murdered in Rwanda in 1985 and her story was made into the popular film Gorillas in the Mist. It was a long way from King Kong, which is about a gorilla as a monster (a frightening animal), and helped to show a new idea: the real monster is man, while the
16、 gorilla is to be admired.Today there are thought to be around 48,000 lowland gorillas and maybe 400450 mountain gorillas in the wild. From the Congo in West Africa, to Rwanda and Uganda further east, they are endangered by hunting and by the cutting down of their forest homes.Some time ago, I found
17、 in my letterbox a little magazine from the World Wide Fund for Nature. It had two photos side by side. One was of a young gorilla. “This is a species of mammal(哺乳类动物),” said the words below it. “It is being destroyed by man. We must save it for our own good.” The other photo showed a human baby. Th
18、e words also read, “This is a species of mammal,” but then went on: “It is the most destructive(破坏性的) on earth. We must retrain it for its own good.”56.The text mainly talks about _.A. Diane Fossey B. the gorillas in RwandaC. the protection of the gorillas D. the film Gorillas in the Mist【答案】C【解析】文章
19、第一段谈到Diane Fossey对大猩猩的研究；第二段谈到根据她的事迹所拍摄的影片；第三段谈到了大猩猩数量减少的原因；最后一段谈到保护大猩猩的宣传的措施。前面三段都是为最后一段做铺垫的，从最后一段的“It is being destroyed by man. We must save it for our own good.”可知，最主要的目的还是要人们保护大猩猩。3. 首尾呼应的写作方法为突出主题，作者先提出主题，结尾时再次点出主题，这种首尾呼应的写作方式也较为多见。通常，前后表述主题的句子不是简单的重复，后面的往往有进一步的引申或发展的意味。Lacrosse (曲棍球) is a pop
20、ular sport in Canada. The Indians in Canada invented it. They used it to train for war. They invented this game before Columbus arrived in the New World. People play lacrosse outdoors. The lacrosse field is seven meters long. At each end of the field there is a goal. The goal is a net. There are ten
21、 players on each team. Each player has a stick called “ cross”. The player hit a ball into the net as many times as possible. Lacrosse is a very fast game because the players can catch and pass the ball at a high speed with their sticks. Players often get great fun it playing lacrosse. There are man
22、y lacrosse clubs and lacrosse teams all over Canada. Every night Canadians can watch the lacrosse games on TV or listen to the lacrosse games over the radio. At one time lacrosse was the national summer sport in Canada. Today it is still popular with Canadians.1.The passage is mainly about _.A. How
23、to Play Lacrosse B. Lacrosse in Canada C. The History of Lacrosse D. LacrosseA Popular Game in Canada 【答案】D【解析】作者先后两次提到“长曲棍球在加拿大很受欢迎”，显然选项D最符合短文的主题。4. 中心主题隐含在全文之中，没有明确的主题句阅读这样的文章，就要求考生根据文章的细节来分析，概括出段落的主题，从而推导出文章的主旨。分析的方法是，先弄清该段落主要讲了哪几个方面的内容，这些内容在逻辑上有什么联系，然后加以归纳形成主题。该类型的试题则迎刃而解。【2019全国卷II，C】Marian Be
24、chtel sits at West Palm Beachs Bar Louie counter by herself, quietly reading her e-book as she waits for her salad. What is she reading? None of your business! Lunch is Bechtels “me” time. And like more Americans, shes not alone.A new report found 46 percent of meals are eaten alone in America. More
25、 than half(53 percent)have breakfast alone and nearly half(46 percent)have lunch by themselves. Only at dinnertime are we eating together anymore，74 percent，according to statistics from the report.“I prefer to go out and be out. Alone，but together，you know？”Bechtel said，looking up from her book. Bec
26、htel，who works in downtown West Palm Beach，has lunch with coworkers sometimes，but like many of us，too often works through lunch at her desk. A lunchtime escape allows her to keep a boss from tapping her on the shoulder. She returns to work feeling energized. “Today，I just wanted some time to myself，
27、”she said.Just two seats over，Andrew Mazoleny，a local videographer，is finishing his lunch at the bar. He likes that he can sit and check his phone in peace or chat up the barkeeper with whom hes on a first-name basis if he wants to have a little interaction(交流). “I reflect on how my days gone and th
28、ink about the rest of the week,” he said. “Its a chance for self-reflection, You return to work recharged and with a plan.”That freedom to choose is one reason more people like to eat alone. There was a time when people may have felt awkward about asking for a table for one，but those days are over.
29、Now，we have our smartphones to keep us company at the table. “It doesnt feel as alone as it may have before al the advances in technology,” said Laurie Demerit， whose company provided the statistics for the report.31. What is the text mainly about?A. The trend of having meals alone.B. The importance
30、 of self-reflection.C. The stress from working overtime.D. The advantage of wireless technology.【语篇解读】本文通过一份调查结果显示，很大比例的人选择独自用餐，原因很多，比如逃离工作氛围，或者反思自己，但是独自用餐正慢慢成为一种趋势。31.A 【解析】主旨大意题。本文通过一份调查结果显示，很大比例的人选择独自用餐，原因很多，比如逃离工作氛围，或者反思自己，但是独自用餐正慢慢成为一种趋势，故选A。4. 主题句出现在文章的中间通常前面只提出问题，文中的主题由随之陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出，而后
31、又作进一步的解释、支撑或发展。The Sahara Festival is a celebration of the very recent past. The three-day event is not fixed to the same dates each year, but generally takes place in November or December. It is well attended by tourists, but even better attended by locals.During the opening ceremonies, after the o
32、fficial greetings from the government leaders, people who attend the festival begin to march smartly before the viewing stands, and white camels transport their riders across the sands. Horsemen from different nations display their beautiful clothes and their fine horsemanship. One following another
33、, groups of musicians and dancers from all over the Sahara take their turn to show off their wonderful traditional culture. Groups of men in blue and yellow play horns and beat drums as they dance in different designs. On their knees in the sand, a group of women in long dark dresses dance with thei
34、r hair: their long, dark, shiny hair is thrown back and forth in the wind to the rhythm of their dance.67. This passage mainly tells readers_.A. what happens on the opening day of the Sahara FestivalB. how people celebrate during the three-day Sahara FestivalC. what takes place at the closing ceremo
35、nies of the Sahara FestivalD. how animals race on the first and the last days of the Sahara Festival【答案】A【解析】从文中第二段第一句话“During the opening ceremonies,”可以看出，本文主要是介绍“撒哈拉节”开幕式上的活动。答案选A。怎样给阅读文章整体加注标题高度概括法对文章主旨大意的考察，不仅可以直接以理解段落及文章的主旨大意的形式出现，而且也可以用选择或拟定文章标题的形式出现。因此，选择文章标题，首先可以按照主旨大意的确定方式，先弄清文章的主旨大意，再定标题。标
36、题位于文章之首，用来高度概括文章内容，点明文章主题。它是段落中心思想最精练的表达形式。标题可帮助读者迅速推测出整篇文章的主要内容，抓住文章的中心，把握作者的观点和意图。那么如何选择文章的标题呢？首先，要考虑标题对文章的概括性或覆盖面如何。一般要求能覆盖全文内容，体现文章主旨。要避免下列三种情况：概括不够（多表现为部分代整体，从而导致范围太小）；过度概括（多表现为脱离本文章内容的发挥）；以事实、细节替代抽象具体的大意。其次，要考虑标题的针对性，即标题范围要恰当，针对性强。要在阅读原文的基础上，仔细考虑所选标题与文章主题是否有密切的关系。既不能太大，也不能太小，太大则中心就不突出，太小也发挥不了应
37、起的作用；精确度高，不能随意改变语言的表意程度及色彩。它可以是单词、短语，也可以是句子。再次要注意标题的醒目性，标题的选择要简洁、突出、新颖，标题是文章的点睛之笔，是文章的灵魂和门面。标题的好坏往往影响了文章的可读性，读者常常从标题上决定文章的阅读取舍。故标题一般比较醒目，甚至比较离奇，以此来吸引读者对文章的兴趣。最后要注意，要恰当地选好标题，还需要了解标题的基本拟定方法。一般说来，拟定标题是以话题为核心，与控制性概念的词按一定的语法浓缩为概括主题句或中心思想的词组。比如某一文章的中心句为：CHINA issued the first set of stamps depicting the t
38、op 128 Chinese family names on Thursday Nov. 18th 2004 in Beijing.话题：Stamps控制性概念：CHINA issued the first set of stamps depicting the top 128 Chinese family names标题：China issued 1st set of stamps on family names(中原名校豫南九校20162017学年高三第三次联考) August 8, was Earth Overshoot Day. Calculated annually by the e
39、nvironmental advocacy(支持，拥护) group, Global Footprint Network (GFN), it is the day when human has consumed all the natural resources produce, meat, fish, water, and wood that our planet can regenerate(再生) in a single year. This means that for the rest of 2016, we will be using natural resources that
40、are impossible to replace.For those that are a little confused, it is similar to spending your entire years allowance by August and then borrowing money from friends, knowing fully well that you cannot repay the loan. GFN says that the same thing happens in the case of the Earth. The date of Earth O
41、vershoot Day varies each year. In an ideal, fully sustainable world, we should only spend what we have. This means that Earth Overshoot Day would fall on December 31, or perhaps even spill into the following year, indicating that we are saving some resources for a rainy day. That did happen in 1961,
42、 when we only consumed three-quarters of what the planet produced. Unfortunately, the day has been going up rapidly since 2014 when it fell on August 19. In 2015, it was August 13, and this year, the earliest so far August 8! The only way to sustain this demand would be to have 1.6 earths, which as
43、we all know, is not possible.Fortunately, experts say that the situation is not as grim as it sounds. Many countries are already taking steps to reduce carbon emissions, which accounts for 60% of our ecological footprint, by switching to solar or wind-generated power.Individuals can also help by eat
44、ing less meat, walking, biking, or taking public transportation, as well as adopting the three Rs: Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle. If we all work together, we can help push back Earth Overshoot Day to December 31, or even beyond!27. What is the best title for the passage?A. A Warning: Earth Overshoot Da
45、y B. A Celebration: Earth Overshoot Day C. A Reminder: Reduce, Reuse, and RecycleD. An Advertisement: Global Footprint Network【文章大意】 本文是一篇环保类说明文。文章介绍了Earth Overshoot Day。今年在八月八号我们就已经消耗掉今年全年的可再生资源，接着又介绍了Earth Overshoot Day的计算方法。通过介绍Earth Overshoot Day，作者呼吁人们减少资源浪费。【答案】 A【解析】今年的Earth Overshoot Day是八月八
46、号，即我们今年在八月八号就已经消耗掉我们今年全年的可再生资源。本文通过介绍Earth Overshoot Day告诉人们要减少资源浪费，所以最佳标题应是A项。题组一（2019年高考真题）Passage1(2019天津卷，B)I must have always known reading was very important because the first memories I have as a child deal with books. There was not one night that I dont remember mom reading me a storybook by
47、 my bedside. I was extremely inspired by the elegant way the words sounded.I always wanted to know what my mom was reading. Hearing mom say, I cant believe whats printed in the newspaper this morning, made me want to grab it out of her hands and read it myself. I wanted to be like my mom and know al
48、l of the things she knew. So I carried around a book, and each night, just to be like her, I would pretend to be reading.This is how everyone learned to read. We would start off with sentences, then paragraphs, and then stories. It seemed an unending journey, but even as a six-year-old girl I realiz
49、ed that knowing how to read could open many doors. When mom said, The C-A-N-D-Y is hidden on the top shelf, I knew where the candy was. My progress in reading raised my curiosity, and I wanted to know everything. I often found myself telling my mom to drive more slowly, so that I could read all of t
50、he road signs we passed.Most of my reading through primary, middle and high school was factual reading. I read for knowledge, and to make As on my tests. Occasionally, I would read a novel that was assigned, but I didnt enjoy this type of reading. I liked facts, things that are concrete. I thought a
51、nything abstract left too much room for argument.Yet, now that Im growing and the world I once knew as being so simple is becoming more complex, I find myself needing a way to escape. By opening a novel, I can leave behind my burdens and enter into a wonderful and mysterious world where I am now a n
52、ew character. In these worlds I can become anyone. I dont have to write down what happened or what technique the author was using when he or she wrote this. I just read to relax.Were taught to read because its necessary for much of human understanding. Reading is a vital part of my life. Reading sat
53、isfies my desire to keep learning. And Ive found that the possibilities that lie within books are limitless.41. Why did the author want to grab the newspaper out of moms hands？A. She wanted mom to read the news to her.B. She was anxious to know what had happened.C. She couldnt wait to tear the newsp
54、aper apart.D. She couldnt help but stop mom from reading.42. According to Paragraph 3，the authors reading of road signs indicates_A. her unique way to locate herselfB. her eagerness to develop her reading abilityC. her effort to remind mom to obey traffic rulesD. her growing desire to know the world
55、 around her.43. What was the authors view on factual reading？A. It would help her update test-taking skills.B. It would allow much room for free thinking.C. It would provide true and objective information.D. It would help shape a realistic and serious attitude to life.44. The author takes novel read
56、ing as a way to_.A. explore a fantasy landB. develop a passion for leaningC. learn about the adult communityD. get away from a confusing world45. What could be the best title for the passage？A. The Magic of ReadingB. The Pleasure of ReadingC. Growing Up with ReadingD. Reading Makes a Full ManPassage
57、2(2019新课标卷I，D)During the rosy years of elementary school(小学), I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes, which allowed me to keep my high social status. I was the queen of the playground. Then came my tweens and teens, and mean girls and cool kids. They rose in the ranks not by being friendly but by smok
58、ing cigarettes, breaking rules and playing jokes on others, among whom I soon found myself.Popularity is a well-explored subject in social psychology. Mitch Prinstein, a professor of clinical psychology sorts the popular into two categories: the likable and the status seekers. The likables plays-wel
59、l-with-others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships, jump-start interpersonal skills and, when tapped early, are employed ever after in life and work. Then theres the kind of popularity that appears in adolescence: status born of power and even dishonorable behavior.Enviable as the cool kids m
60、ay have seemed, Dr. Prinsteins studies show unpleasant consequences. Those who were highest in status in high school, as well as those least liked in elementary school, are “most likely to engage(从事)in dangerous and risky behavior.”In one study, Dr. Prinstein examined the two types of popularity in
61、235 adolescents, scoring the least liked, the most liked and the highest in status based on student surveys(调查研究). “We found that the least well-liked teens had become more aggressive over time toward their classmates. But so had those who were high in status. It clearly showed that while likability
62、 can lead to healthy adjustment, high status has just the opposite effect on us.Dr. Prinstein has also found that the qualities that made the neighbors want you on a play date-sharing, kindness, openness carry over to later years and make you better able to relate and connect with others.In analyzin
63、g his and other research，Dr. Prinstein came to another conclusion: Not only is likability related to positive life outcomes, but it is also responsible for those outcomes, too. Being liked creates opportunities for learning and for new kinds of life experiences that help somebody gain an advantage,
64、” he said.32. What sort of girl was the author in her early years of elementary school?A. Unkind.B. Lonely.C. Generous.D. Cool.33. What is the second paragraph mainly about？A. The classification of the popular.B. The characteristics of adolescents.C. The importance of interpersonal skills.D. The cau
65、ses of dishonorable behavior34. What did Dr. Prinsteins study find about the most liked kids?A. They appeared to be aggressive.B. They tended to be more adaptable.C. They enjoyed the highest status.D. They performed well academically.35. What is the best title for the text?A. Be Nice-You Wont Finish
66、 LastB. The Higher the Status, the BeerC. Be the Best-You Can Make ItD. More Self-Control, Less AggressivenessPassage3(2019新课标卷II，D)Bacteria are an annoying problem for astronauts. The microorganisms(微生物) from our bodies grow uncontrollably on surfaces of the International Space Station, so astronau
67、ts spend hours cleaning them up each week. How is NASA overcoming this very tiny big problem? Its turning to a bunch of high school kids. But not just any kids. It depending on NASA HUNCH high school class, like the one science teachers Gene Gordon and Donna Himmelberg lead at Fairport High School i
68、n Fairport, New York.HUNCH is designed to connect high school classrooms with NASA engineers. For the past two years, Gordons students have been studying ways to kill bacteria in zero gravity, and they think theyre close to a solution(解决方案). “We dont give the students any breaks. They have to do it
69、just like NASA engineers,” says Florence Gold, a project manager.“There are no tests,” Gordon says. “There is no graded homework. There almost are no grades, other thanAre you working towards your goal? Basically, its Ive got to produce this product and then, at the end of year, present it to NASA.
70、Engineers come and really do an in-person review, andits not a very nice thing at time. Its a hard business review of your product.”Gordon says the HUNCH program has an impact(影响) on college admissions and practical life skills. “These kids are so absorbed in their studies that I just sit back. I do
71、nt teach.” And that annoying bacteria? Gordon says his students are emailing daily with NASA engineers about the problem, readying a workable solution to test in space.32. What do we know about the bacteria in the International Space Station?A. They are hard to get rid of.B. They lead to air polluti
72、on.C. They appear different forms.D. They damage the instruments.33. What is the purpose of the HUNCH program?A. To strengthen teacher-student relationships.B. To sharpen students communication skills.C. To allow students to experience zero gravity.D. To link space technology with school education34
73、. What do the NASA engineers do for the students in the program?A. Check their product.B. Guide project designsC. Adjust work schedules.D. Grade their homework.35. What is the best title for the text?A. NASA: The Home of Astronauts.B. Space: The Final Homework Frontier.C. Nature: An Outdoor Classroo
74、m.D. HUNCH:A College Admission Reform.Passage4(2019北京卷，C)The problem of robocalls has gotten so bad that many people now refuse to pick up calls from numbers they dont know. By next year，half of the calls we receive will be scams(欺诈).We are finally waking up to the severity of the problem by support
75、ing and developing a group of tools，apps and approaches intended to prevent scammers from getting through. Unfortunately，its too little，too late. By the time these “solutions(解决方案)become widely available，scammers will have moved onto cleverer means. In the near future，its not just going to be the nu
76、mber you see on your screen that will be in doubt. Soon you will also question whether the voice youre hearing is actually real.Thats because there are a number of powerful voice manipulation ( 处理 ) and automation technologies that are about to become widely available for anyone to use .At this year
77、s I/O Conference ,a company showed a new voice technology able to produce such a convincing human sounding voice that it was able to speak to a receptionist and book a reservation without detection.These developments are likely to make our current problems with robocalls much worse. The reason that
78、robocalls are a headache has less to do with amount than precision A decade of data breaches(数据侵入)of personal information has led to a situation where scammers can easily learn your mother s name ，and far more. Armed with this knowledge. theyre able to carry out individually targeted campaigns to ch
79、eat people. This means. for example，that a scammer could call you from what looks to be a familiar number and talk to you using a voice that sounds exactly like your bank teller s，ricking you into confirming your address，mothers name，and card number. Scammers follow money，so companies will be the wo
80、rst hit. A lot of business is still done over the phone，and much of it is based on trust and existing relationships. Voice manipulation technologies may weaken that gradually.We need to deal with the insecure nature of our telecom networks. Phone carriers and consumers need to work together to find
81、ways of determining and communicating what is real. That might mean either developing a uniform way to mark videos and images, showing when and who they were made by. or abandoning phone calls altogether and moving towards data-based communicationsusing apps like Face Time or WhatsApp, which can be
82、tied to your identity.Credibility is hard to earn but easy to lose, and the problem is only going to harder from here on out.38. How does the author feel about the solutions to problem of robecalls?A. Panicked.B. Confused.C. Embarrassed.D. Disappointed.39. taking advantage of the new technologies，sc
83、ammer can_.A. aim at victims preciselyB. damage databases easilyC. start campaigns rapidlyD. spread information widely40. What does the passage imply?A. Honesty is the best policy.B. Technologies can be double-edited.C. There are more solutions than problems.D. Credibility holds the key to developme
84、nt.41. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?A. Where the Problem of Robocalls Is RootedB. Who Is to Blame for the Problem of RoboeallsC. Why Robocalls Are About to Get More DangerousD. How Robocalls Are Affecting the World of Technology题组二（2018年高考真题）Passage1(2018新课标卷I，B)Goo
85、d Morning Britains Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every morning, but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role showing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget.In Save Money: Good Food, she visits a different home each week and with the help of
86、 chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste, while preparing recipes for under 5 per family a day. And the Good Morning Britain presenter says shes been able to put a lot of what shes leant into practice in her own home, preparing meals for sons, Sam,14, Finn,13, and Jack, 11.We l
87、ove Mexican churros, so I buy them on my phone from my local Mexican takeaway restaurant, she explains. I pay 5 for a portion(一份), but Matt makes them for 26p a portion, because they are flour, water, sugar and oil. Everybody can buy takeaway food, but sometimes were not aware how cheaply we can mak
88、e this food ourselves. The eight-part series(系列节目), Save Money: Good Food, follows in the footsteps of ITVs Save Money: Good Health, which gave viewers advice on how to get value from the vast range of health products on the market.With food our biggest weekly household expense, Susanna and Matt spe
89、nd time with a different family each week. In tonights Easter special they come to the aid of a family in need of some delicious inspiration on a budget. The team transforms the familys long weekend of celebration with less expensive but still tasty recipes.24. What do we know about Susanna Reid? A.
90、 She enjoys embarrassing her guests.B. She has started a new programme.C. She dislikes working early in the morning. D. She has had a tight budget for her family.25. How does Matt Tebbutt help Susanna?A. He buys cooking materials for her.B. He prepares food for her kids.C. He assists her in cooking
91、matters.D. He invites guest families for her.26. What does the author intend to do in paragraph 4? A. Summarize the previous paragraphs.B. Provide some advice for the readers.C. Add some background information.D. Introduce a new topic for discussion.27. What can be a suitable title for the text? A.
92、Keeping Fit by Eating SmartB. Balancing Our Daily DietC. Making yourself a Perfect ChefD. Cooking Well for LessPassage2(2018新课标卷II，D)Weve all been there: in a lift, in line at the bank or on an airplane, surrounded by people who are, like us, deeply focused on their smartphones or, worse, struggling
93、 with the uncomfortable silence. Whats the problem? Its possible that we all have compromised conversational intelligence. Its more likely that none of us start a conversation because its awkward and challenging, or we think its annoying and unnecessary. But the next time you find yourself among str
94、angers, consider that small talk is worth the trouble. Experts say its an invaluable social practice that results in big benefits. Dismissing small talk as unimportant is easy, but we cant forget that deep relationships wouldnt even exist if it werent for casual conversation. Small talk is the greas
95、e(润滑剂) for social communication, says Bernardo Carducci, director of the Shyness Research Institute at Indiana University Southeast. Almost every great love story and each big business deal begins with small talk, he explains. The key to successful small talk is learning how to connect with others,
96、not just communicate with them.In a 2014 study, Elizabeth Dunn, associate professor of psychology at UBC, invited people on their way into a coffee shop. One group was asked to seek out an interaction(互动) with its waiter; the other, to speak only when necessary. The results showed that those who cha
97、tted with their server reported significantly higher positive feelings and a better coffee shop experience. Its not that talking to the waiter is better than talking to your husband, says Dunn. But interactions with peripheral(边缘的) members of our social network matter for our well-being also.Dunn be
98、lieves that people who reach out to strangers feel a significantly greater sense of belonging, a bond with others. Carducci believes developing such a sense of belonging starts with small talk. Small talk is the basis of good manners, he says.32. What phenomenon is described in the first paragraph?A
99、. Addiction to smartphones.B. Inappropriate behaviours in public places.C. Absence of communication between strangers.D. Impatience with slow service.33. What is important for successful small talk according to Carducci?A. Showing good manners. B. Relating to other people.C. Focusing on a topic. D.
100、Making business deals.34. What does the coffee-shop study suggest about small talk?A. It improves family relationships. B. It raises peoples confidence.C. It matters as much as a formal talk. D. It makes people feel good.35. What is the best title for the text?A. Conversation Counts B. Ways of Makin
101、g Small TalkC. Benefits of Small Talk D. Uncomfortable SilencePassage3(2018新课标卷III，B)Cities usually have a good reason for being where they are, like a nearby port or river. People settle in these places because they are easy to get to and naturally suited to communications and trade. New York City,
102、 for example, is near a large harbour at the mouth of the Hudson River. Over 300 years its population grew gradually from 800 people to 8 million. But not all cities develop slowly over a long period of time. Boom towns grow from nothing almost overnight. In 1896, Dawson, Canada, was unmapped wilder
103、ness(荒野). But gold was discovered there in 1897, and two years later, it was one of the largest cities in the West, with a population of 30,000.Dawson did not have any of the natural conveniences of cities like London or Paris. People went there for gold. They travelled over snow-covered mountains a
104、nd sailed hundreds of miles up icy rivers. The path to Dawson was covered with thirty feet of wet snow that could fall without warming. An avalanche(雪崩) once closed the path, killing 63 people. For many who made it to Dawson, however, the rewards were worth the difficult trip. Of the first 20,000 pe
105、ople who dug for gold, 4,000 got rich. About 100 of these stayed rich men for the rest of their lives.But no matter how rich they were, Dawson was never comfortable. Necessities like food and wood were very expensive. But soon, the gold that Dawson depended on had all been found. The city was crowde
106、d with disappointed people with no interest in settling down, and when they heard there were new gold discoveries in Alaska, they left Dawson City as quickly as they had come. Today, people still come and go to see where the Canadian gold rush happened. Tourism is now the chief industry of Dawson Ci
107、ty its present population is 762.24. What attracted the early settlers to New York City?A. Its business culture.B. Its small population.C. Its geographical position.D. Its favourable climate.25. What do we know about those who first dug for gold in Dawson?A. Two-thirds of them stayed there.B. One ou
108、t of five people got rich.C. Almost everyone gave up.D. Half of them died.26. What was the main reason for many people to leave Dawson?A. They found the city too crowded.B. They wanted to try their luck elsewhere.C. They were unable to stand the winter.D. They were short of food.27. What is the text
109、 mainly about?A. The rise and fall of a city.B. The gold rush in Canada.C. Journeys into the wilderness.D. Tourism in Dawson.Passage4(2018北京卷，A)My First Marathon（马拉松）A month before my first marathon, one of my ankles was injured and this meant not running for two weeks, leaving me only two weeks to
110、train. Yet, I was determined to go ahead.I remember back to my 7th year in school. In my first P.E. class, the teacher required us to run laps and then hit a softball. I didnt do either well. He later informed me that I was not athletic.The idea that I was not athletic stuck with me for years. When
111、I started running in my 30s, I realized running was a battle against myself, not about competition or whether or not I was athletic. It was all about the battle against my own body and mind. A test of wills!The night before my marathon, I dreamt that I couldnt even find the finish line. I woke up sw
112、eating and nervous, but ready to prove something to myself.Shortly after crossing the start line, my shoe laces(鞋带) became untied. So I stopped to readjust. Not the start I wanted!At mile 3, I passed a sign: GO FOR IT, RUNNERS!By mile 17, I became out of breath and the once injured ankle hurt badly.
113、 Despite the pain, I stayed the course walking a bit and then running again.By mile 21, I was starving!As I approached mile 23, I could see my wife waving a sign. She is my biggest fan. She never minded the alarm clock sounding at 4 a.m. or questioned my expenses on running.I was one of the final ru
114、nners to finish. But I finished! And I got a medal. In fact, I got the same medal as the one that the guy who came in first place had.Determined to be myself, move forward, free of shame and worldly labels(世俗标签), I can now call myself a marathon winner.36.Amonthbeforethemarathon,theauthor _.A.waswel
115、ltrainedB.feltscared C.madeuphismindtorunD.losthope37.WhydidtheauthormentiontheP.E.classinhis7thyear?A.Toacknowledgethesupportofhisteacher.B.Toamusethereaderswithafunnystory.C.Toshowhewasnottalentedinsports.D.Toshareapreciousmemory.38.Howwastheauthorsfirstmarathon?A.Hemadeit.B.Hequithalfway.C.Hegott
116、hefirstprize.D.Hewalkedtotheend.39.Whatdoesthestorymainlytellus?A.Amanoweshissuccesstohisfamilysupport.B.Awinnerisonewithagreateffortofwill.C.Failureisthemotherofsuccess.D.Oneisnevertoooldtolearn. 题组三（2017年高考真题）Passage1(2017新课标卷I，B)Some of the worlds most famous musicians recently gathered in Paris
117、and New Orleans to celebrate the first annual International Jazz Day. UNESCO( United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) recently set April 30 as a day to raise awareness of jazz music, its significance, and its potential as a unifying(联合) voice across cultures.Despite the cel
118、ebrations, though, in the U.S. the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older, and the music has failed to connect with younger generations.Its Jason Morans job to help change that. As the Kennedy Centers artistic adviser for jazz, Moran hopes to widen the audience for jazz, make the music mor
119、e accessible, and preserve its history and culture.“Jazz seems like its not really a part of the American appetite,” Moran tells National Public Radios reporter Neal Conan. “What Im hoping to accomplish is that my generation and younger start to reconsider and understand that jazz is not black and w
120、rite anymore. Its actually color, and its actually digital.”Moran says one of the problems with jazz today is that the entertainment aspect of the music has been lost. “The music cant be presented today the way it was in 1908 or 1958. It has to continue to move, because the way the world works is no
121、t the same,” says Moran.Last year, Moran worked on a project that arranged Fats Wallers music for a dance party, “just to kind of put it back in the mind that Waller is dance music as much as it is concert music,” says Moran. “For me, its the recontextualization. In music, where does the emotion(情感)
122、 lie? Are we, as humans, gaining any insight(感悟) on how talk about ourselves and how something as abstract as a Charlie Parker record gets us into a dialogue about our emotions and our thoughts? Sometimes we lose sight that the music has a wider context,” says Moran, “so I want to continue those dia
123、logues. Those are the things I want to foster.”28. Why did UNESCO set April 30 as International Jazz Day?A. To remember the birth of jazz.B. To protect cultural diversity.C. To encourage people to study music.D. To recognize the value of jazz.29. What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 3 r
124、efer to?A. Jazz becoming more accessible.B. The production of jazz growing faster.C. Jazz being less popular with the young.D. The jazz audience becoming larger. 30. What can we infer about Morans opinion on jazz?A. It will disappear gradually.B. It remains black and white.C. It should keep up with
125、the times.D. It changes every 50 years.31. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A. Exploring the Future of JazzB. The Rise and Fall of JazzC. The Story of a Jazz MusicianD. Celebrating the Jazz DayPassage2(2017新课标II卷，C) Terrafugia Inc. said Monday that its new flying car has com
126、pleted its first flight, bringing the company closer to its goal of selling the flying car within the next year. The vehicle named the Transition has two seats, four wheels and wings that fold up so it can be driven like a car. The Transition, which flew at 1,400 feet for eight minutes last month, c
127、an reach around 70 miles per hour on the road and 115 in the air. It flies using a 23-gallon tank of gas and burns 5 gallons per hour in the air. On the ground, it gets 35 miles per gallon.Around 100 people have already put down a $10,000 deposit to get a Transition when they go on sale, and those n
128、umbers will likely rise after Terrafugia introduces the Transition to the public later this week at the New York Auto Show. But dont expect it to show up in too many driveways. Its expected to cost $279,000.And it wont help if youre stuck in traffic. The car needs a runway. Inventors have been tryin
129、g to make flying cars since the 1930s, according to Robert Mann, an airline industry expert. But Mann thinks Terrafugia has come closer than anyone to making the flying car a reality. The government has already permitted the company to use special materials to make it easier for the vehicle to fly.
130、The Transition is now going through crash tests to make sure it meets federal safety standards.Mann said Terrafugia was helped by the Federal Aviation Administrations decision five years ago to create a separate set of standards for light sport aircraft, which are lower than those for pilots of larg
131、er planes. Terrafugia says an owner would need to pass a test and complete 20 hours of flying time to be able to fly the Transition, a requirement pilots would find relatively easy to meet.28. What is the first paragraph mainly about?A. The basic data of the Transition. B. The advantages of flying c
132、ars.C. The potential market for flying cars. C. The designers of the Transition.29. Why is the Transition unlikely to show up in too many driveways?A. It causers traffic jams. B. It is difficult to operate.C. It is very expensive. D. It burns too much fuel.30. What is the governments attitude to the
133、 development of the flying car?A. Cautious B. Favorable.C. Ambiguous. D. Disapproving.31. What is the best title for the text?A. Flying Car at Auto Show B. The Transitions First FlightC.Pilots Dream Coming True D. Flying Car Closer to RealityPassage3(2017天津卷)This month, Germanys transport minister,
134、Alexander Dobrindt, proposed the first set of rules for autonomous vehicles(自主驾驶车辆). They would define the drivers role in such cars and govern how such cars perform in crashes where lives might be lost. The proposal attempts to deal with what some call the “death valley” of autonomous vehicles: the
135、 grey area between semi-autonomous and fully driverless cars that could delay the driverless future.Dobrindt wants three things: that a car always chooses property(财产) damage over personal injury; that it never distinguishes between humans based on age or race; and that if a human removes his or her
136、 hands from the driving wheel to check email, say the cars maker is responsible if there is a crash.“The change to the road traffic law will permit fully automatic driving,” says Dobrindt. It will put fully driverless cars on an equal legal footing to human drivers, he says.Who is responsible for th
137、e operation of such vehicles is not clear among car makers, consumers and lawyers. “The liability(法律责任) issue is the biggest one of them all,” says Natasha Merat at the University of Leeds, UK.An assumption behind UK insurance for driverless cars, introduced earlier this year, insists that a human “
138、be watchful and monitoring the road” at every moment.But that is not what many people have in mind when thinking of driverless cars. “When you say driverless cars, people expect driverless cars.” Merat says. “You know no driver.”Because of the confusion, Merat thinks some car makers will wait until
139、vehicles can be fully automated without operation.Driverless cars may end up being a form of public transport rather than vehicles you own, says Ryan Calo at Stanford University, California. That is happening in the UK and Singapore, where government-provided driverless vehicles are being launched.T
140、hat would go down poorly in the US, however. “The idea that the government would take over driverless cars and treat them as a public good would get absolutely nowhere here,” says Calo.46. What does the phrase “death valley” in Paragraph 2 refer to?A. A place where cars often break down.B. A case wh
141、ere passing a law is impossible.C. An area where no driving is permitted. D. A situation where drivers role is not clear.47. The proposal put forward by Dobrindt aims to _.A. stop people from breaking traffic rulesB. help promote fully automatic drivingC. protect drivers of all ages and racesD. prev
142、ent serious property damage48. What do consumers think of the operation of driverless cars?A. It should get the attention of insurance companies.B. It should be the main concern of law makers.C. It should not cause deadly traffic accidents.D. It should involve no human responsibility.49. Driverless
143、vehicles in public transport see no bright future in _.A. SingaporeB. the UKC. the USD. Germany50. What could be the best title for the passage?A. Autonomous Driving: Whose Liability?B. Fully Automatic Cars: A New BreakthroughC. Autonomous Vehicles: Driver Removed!D. Driverless Cars: Root of Road Ac
144、cidents题组四（名校模拟题）Passage 1(湖南省长沙市雅礼中学2019届高三一模)Laughter is part of the universal human vocabulary. All members of the human species understand it. Unlike English or French or Swahili, we dont have to learn to speak it. We re born with the capacity to laugh.Very little is known about the specific bra
145、in mechanisms responsible for laughter. Contrary to folk wisdom, most laughter is not about humor; it is about relationships. To find out when and why people laugh, I went with several assistants to local malls and recorded what happened just before people laughed. Over a 10-year period, we studied
146、over 2,000 cases of naturally occurring laughter.We found that most laughter does not necessarily follow jokes. People may laugh after a variety of statements, such as, “Here comes Mary,” “How did you do on the test?” or “Do you have a rubber band?” These certainly arent jokes.We believe laughter ev
147、olved from the panting (喘气的) behavior of our ancient ancestors. Today, if we tickle (使发痒) chimps, they dont laugh. But, instead, they produce a panting sound. Thats the sound of ape laughter, and its the root of human laughter.Apes laugh in the kinds of situations that lead to human laughter, like g
148、ames that involve chasing. Other animals produce sounds during play, but they are so different from laughter. Rats, for example, produce high sounds during play and when tickled, but these are very different in sound from human laughter.Laughter is often positive, but it can be negative too. Theres
149、a difference between “laughing with” and “laughing at”. People who laugh at others may be trying to drive them out of the group.No one has actually counted how much people of different ages laugh, but young children probably laugh the most. At ages 5 and 6 we probably laugh more than at any other ti
150、mes. Adults laugh less than children, probably because they play less.Work now underway will tell us more about the brain mechanisms behind laughter, how it has evolved, and why were so susceptible to tickling.1. What was the purpose of the decades research?A. To prove that people laugh because of h
151、umour.B. To find out the real reason for people s laughter.C. To research people s different reaction on jokes.D. To record conversations among shoppers in malls.2. What can we learn from the text?A. People who play more tend to laugh more.B. Apes produce high sounds when tickled.C. Scientists know
152、the brain mechanisms responsible for laughter well.D. The situations in which apes laugh are very different from those in which humans laugh.3. What does the underlined word “susceptible” in the last paragraph probably mean?A. Sensitive.B. Flexible.C. Addictive.D. Reliable.4. Which of the following
153、might be the best title for the text?A. The Impact of LaughterB. The Meaning of LaughterC. A Big Mystery: Why Do We Laugh?D. Laughter: The Most Beautiful WordsPassage 2(武汉第二中学2019届高三五月全仿真模拟)Electric cars are dirty. In fact, not only are they dirty, they might even be dirtier than their gasoline-powe
154、red cousins.People in California love to talk about “zero-emissions vehicles”, but people in California seem to be clueless about where electricity comes from. Power plants mostly use fire to make it. Aside from the new folks who have their roofs covered with solar cells, we get our electricity from
155、 generators (发电机). Generators are fueled by somethingusually coal, oil, but also by heat generated in nuclear power plants. There are a few wind farms and geothermal (地热)plants as well, but by far we get electricity mainly by burning something.In other words, those “zero-emissions” cars are likely c
156、oal-burning cars. Its just because the coal is burned somewhere else, it looks clean. It is not. Its as if the California Greens are covering their eyes“ If I cant see it, its not happening.” Gasoline is an incredibly efficient way to power a vehicle; a gallon of gas has a lot of energy in it. But w
157、hen you take that gas (or another fuel) and first use it to make electricity, you waste a nice part of that energy, mostly in the form of wasted heatat the generator, through the transmission lines, etc.A gallon of gas may propel your car 25 miles. But the electricity you get from that gallon of gas
158、 wont get you as far so electric cars burn more fuel than gasoline-powered ones. If our electricity came mostly from nukes or geothermal, or hydro or wind or solar, then an electric car truly would be clean. But for political, technical, and economic reasons, we dont use much of those energy sources
159、.In addition, electric cars batteries which are poisonous for a long time will eventually end up in a landfill. And finally, when cars are the polluters, the pollution is spread across all the roads. When its a power plant, though, all the junk is in one place. Nature is very good at cleaning up whe
160、n things are too concentrated, but it takes a lot longer when all the garbage is in one spot.1. What is the main idea of the text?A. Electric cars are far from being clean.B. Electric cars are better than gasoline-powered ones.C. People cast doubts on electric cars batteries.D. Gasoline is an effici
161、ent way to power a vehicle.2. The electricity we get from a gallon of gas may make our car run.A. no less than 25 milesB. as far as 50 milesC. less than 25 milesD. as far as 25 miles3. According to the text, electric cars.A. are more environmentally friendlyB. burn more fuel than gas-powered onesC.
162、are very good at cleaning up when things are not too concentratedD. are poisonous for a long time and will eventually end up in a landfill4. It can be inferred from the text that.A. being green is good and should be encouraged in communicationB. electric cars are the dominant vehicles compared with
163、their gas-powered cousinsC. zero-emissions vehicles should be chosen to protect our environmentD. electric cars are not clean because we get electricity mainly by burning somethingPassage 3(2018届河南省许昌平顶山高三联考)Persuasion is to convince someone to agree with you, just like art which also calls for spec
164、ial techniques to accomplish. According to the ancient Greeks, there are three basic tools of persuasion: ethos, pathos and logos.Ethos is a speakers way of convincing the audience that he is trustworthy, honest and reliable. One common way a speaker can develop ethos is by explaining how much exper
165、ience or education he has in the field. After all, youre more likely to listen to advice about how to take care of your teeth from a dentist than a fireman.Pathos is a speakers way of connecting with an audiences emotions. For example, a politician who is trying to convince an audience to vote for h
166、im might say that he alone can save the country from a terrible war. These words are intended to fill the audience with fear, thus making them want to vote for him. Similarly, an animal charity might show an audience pictures of injured dogs and cats to make the viewers feel pity, so they will be mo
167、re likely to donate money.Logos is the use of facts, statistics or other evidence to support your argument. An audience will believe you if you have convincing data to back up your claims. Presenting this evidence is much more persuasive than simply saying “believe me”.Although ethos, pathos and log
168、os all have their strengths, they are often most effective when used together. So, the next time you listen to a speech, watch a commercial or listen to a friend try to convince you to lend him some money, be on the lookout for these ancient Greek tools of persuasion.1.What is the purpose of persuas
169、ion?A. To advise somebody to support you.B. To help someone have special skillC. To convince somebody to realize his aim.D. To talk someone into being honest.2.What is a speakers way of convincing the audience to trust him?A. Pathos.B. Ethos.C. Logos.D. Education.3.What do a politician and an animal
170、 charity have in common?A. Both prevent themselves from being hurt.B. Both save people from terrible wars.C. Both make the audience support them.D. Both persuade people to donate money.4.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A. Convince the AudienceB. Three Basic Tools of Persuas
171、ionC. Believe MeD. Strength of PersuasionPassage 2(2018届河北省衡水中学高三四模)James Gross, a psychology professor at Stanford University, has a 13-year-old daughter who loves math and science. “It hasnt occurred to her yet thats unusual,” he says. “But I know in the next couple of years, it will.”Shes already
172、 being pulled out of class to do advanced things with a couple of other kids, who are guys. And as someone who studies human emotion for a procession, Gross says, “I know as time goes on, she will feel increasingly lonely as a girl whos interested in math and science, and be at risk of narrowing her
173、 choices in life before finding out how far she could have gone.Gross concern clearly shows what has been a touchy subject in the world of science for a long time: Why are there still so few women in science, and how might that affect what we learn from research?Women now make up half the national w
174、orkforce, earn more college and graduate degrees than men, and by some estimates represent the largest single economic force in the world. Yet the gender gap in science persists, to a greater degree than in other professions, particularly in high-end, math-intensive fields such as computer science a
175、nd engineering.According to US Census Bureau statistics, women in fields commonly referred to as STEM (science, technology, engineering, mathematics) made up 7 percent of that workforce in 1970, a figure that had jumped to 23 percent by 1990. But the rise essentially stopped there. Two decades later
176、, in 2011, women made up 26 percent of the science workforce.1.According to James Gross, in the near future his daughter may _ .A. become a great scientistB. feel lonely and have fewer choicesC.be pulled out of class with some guysD. learn math and science better and better2.We can learn from the te
177、xt that_ .A. women are cleverer than men in collegeB. men represent the largest single economic forceC. women make up more than 50% of the national workforceD. the number of women graduating from college is larger than that of men3.How does the author develop the last paragraph?A. By providing examp
178、les.B. By making comments.C. By following time order.D. By explaining the process.4.Which of the following is the best title for the text?A. Why It Is Important to Get More Women Into ScienceB. James Gross, Confusion About His daughterC. Situation of Women in the Whole CountryD. Future of women in t
179、he Workforce题组一Passage1【语篇解读】本文为夹叙夹议文，作者讲述了自己的读书经历和感悟。41.B 【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段主题句I always wanted to know what my mom was reading.和Hearing mom say made me want to grab it out of her hands and read it myself可知，作者一直想知道妈妈在读什么。作者抢过妈妈读的报纸，因为作者自己迫切想看一看报纸上写的内容，故选B。42. D【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段My progress in reading rais
180、ed my curiosity, and I wanted to know everything，可以推断出，让妈妈开车开慢一点，他能够读出所有路标，正是作者在阅读方面的进步引起了他的好奇心，想要了解周围的一切，故选D。43.C 【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段第一句Most of my reading through primary, middle and high school was factual reading. I read for knowledge, and to make As on my test.可知，小学和中学阶段的阅读都是事实性阅读，读书是为了获取知识，考试得A。因此事
181、实性阅读能够提供真实的客观的信息，故选 C。44. D 【解析】细节理解题。根据第五段By opening a novel, I can leave behind my burdens and enter into a wonderful and mysterious world where I am now a new character. In these worlds I can become anyone.( 打开一本小说，我可以摆脱我的负担，进入一个奇妙而神秘的世界，我现在是一个新的角色。在这个世界上，我可以成为任何人。) 可知，阅读小说可以让作者避开复杂的现实而投入到小说中的世界中
182、去，故选D。45.C 【解析】主旨大意题。根据上下文可知，作者以时间顺序回忆了自己的阅读经历和感悟，伴着阅读成长，故选项C符合题意。Passage2【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲到研究表明，对别人好，讨人喜欢对人生活的各个方面有深远的有益影响。32.C 【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段During the rosy years of elementary school, I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes, which allowed me to keep my high social status（在美好的小学时光里，我喜欢分享我的娃娃和笑话，这让
183、我保持了高高的社会地位。）由此推断出，作者在小学早期时，是一个慷慨的女孩。unkind不友善的；lonely寂寞的；generous慷慨的；cool冷静的，故选C。33.A 【解析】段落大意题。第二段Mitch Prinstein, a professor of clinical psychology sorts the popular into two categories: the likable and the status seekers.（临床心理学教授Mitch Prinstein将受欢迎的人分为两类:讨人喜欢的人和追求地位的人。）是段落主题句，本段内容分别对the likable
184、 和the status seekers 做了解释，所以本段主要介绍了两种受欢迎的分类，故选A。34.B 【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment （它清楚地表明，可爱可以促使健全的调整），由此推断出，心理学教授Mitch Prinstein的研究表明，最有人望的孩子适应性更强，故选B。35.A 【解析】标题归纳题。通过阅读全文内容，尤其是最后一段，可知这篇文章主要讲了受欢迎，讨人喜欢对人生活的各个方面有深远的有益影响。与选项A“对别人好最终，你的收获无穷无尽”一致
185、，故选A。Passage3【语篇解读】本文为说明文。本文介绍了HUNCH项目就是通过Gordon的学生找到如何杀死空间站的细菌这一技术，把空间技术与带进课堂，与学校教育相结合，从而最终影响到大学入学。32.A 【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Bacteria are annoying problem for astronauts. The microorganisms form our bodies grow uncontrollably on surfaces of the International Space Station, so astronauts spend hours cl
186、eaning them up each week.”可知，细菌对宇航员来说是个令人讨厌的问题。这种来自我们身体的微生物在国际空间站的表面不受控制地生长，宇航员每周要花几个小时来清理它们。也就是说它们很难去掉。其中的“the microorganisms”包括“bacteria”。由此可知， A项符合题意。33.D 【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段的 “HUNCH is designed to connect high school classrooms with NASA engineers. Gordons students have been studying ways to kill ba
187、cteria in zero gravity,.”可知，Hunch旨在把高中教室和NASA的工程师联系起来。Gordon的学生一直在研究如何在零重力下杀死细菌, .”。结合最后一段中的“Gordon students are emailing daily with NASA engineers about the problem,.”可知，学生每天都给NASA的工程师发邮件一起探讨（如何杀死空间站的细菌这一空间技术）这个问题。由此可推断出HUNCH program的目的把空间技术与学校教育相结合。分析选项可知D项符合题意。34.A 【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Ive got to pr
188、oduce this product and then, at the end of the year ,present it to NASA, ”“Engineers come and really do an in-person review，and .Its not a very nice thing at times. Its a hard business review of your product.”可知，NASA的工程师要检查学生所做的产品。分析选项可知A项符合题意，故选A。35.B 主旨大意题。文章以国际空间站里的微生物很难清除开头，引出宇航员们解决此问题的途径借助美国国家航
189、空航天局的HUNCH高中班，此计划的目的是把航天技术与学校教育结合起来。在这项计划里，学生们通过homework（制作供美国国家航空航天局使用的产品）探索无疆的太空，因此“太空：最后的功课疆域”最适合做文章的标题。故选B。Passage4【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。语音操作与自动化技术出现使得机器人电话可以以假乱真。语音操作和自动化技术发展会使得机器人电话产生的问题更加严重。38. D 【解析】观点态度题。根据第一段中的“We are finally waking up to the severity of the problem by supporting and developing a
190、group of tools, apps and approaches intended to prevent scammers from getting through. Unfortunately, its too little, too late. By the time these “solutions” become widely available, scammers will have moved onto clever means”可知，最后，我们通过支持和开发一组旨在防止欺诈者通过的工具、应用程序和方法，认识到了问题的严重性。不幸的是，我们的努力太少了，也太晚了。在这些“解决
191、方案”被广泛使用的时候，骗子将转移到更巧妙的手段上。由此推知，作者认为这些“解决办法”对于解决问题起不了什么作用，因此作者感到很“失望”。故D选项正确。39.A 【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The reason that robocalls are a headache has less to do with amount than precision. A decade of data breaches of personal information has led to a situation where scammers can easily learn your mothers
192、 name, and far more. Armed with this knowledge, theyre able to carry out individually targeted campaigns to cheat people. This means, for example, that a scammer could call you from what looks to be a familiar number and talk to you using a voice that sounds exactly like your bank tellers, tricking
193、you into “confirming” your address, mothers name, and card number”可知，机器人通话之所以令人头痛，与其说与数量有关，不如说与精确度有关。长达十年的个人信息泄露已经导致了这样一种情况：骗子可以轻易地知道你母亲的名字，甚至更多。有了这些知识，他们就能够开展有针对性的运动来欺骗人们。根据这些可知，利用这种新的技术，欺诈者们可以精确的确定他们行骗的目标。故A选项正确。40.B 【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句可知，这项语音技术可以产生一个听起来和人类非常相似的声音，它可以和接待员进行交谈，进行预订。由此可知，这项新技术有其好的方面
194、。根据第三段的叙述可知，欺诈者们可以利用这项新技术来进行欺诈行为。由此推知，这项新技术既可以发挥好的作用，也可能为坏人所利用，产生不好的作用，因此可以说它是一把双刃剑。故B选项正确。41.C 【解析】主旨大意题。第一段提到：robocalls（机器人电话: 自动拨号播放录音信息的推销电话）在未来变得会越来越严重，不仅仅是出现在你的手机屏幕上的电话号码令人怀疑，而且你会质疑听到的声音是否是真的。第二段介绍原因：语音操作与自动化技术的出现使得机器人电话可以以假乱真。第三段介绍了语音操作和自动化技术发展会使得机器人电话产生的问题更加严重。最后两段提出我们该如何应对这些问题。综上，文章第一段点明文章中
195、心：机器人电话问题在未来会变得越来越严重。下文都是围绕这一话题展开的。故C选项适合作标题。题组二Passage 1【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一档英国系列电视节目，给观众介绍如何减少食物浪费以及如何以较少的预算做出美味佳肴。24.B 【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第一段知道Good Morning Britains Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every morning, but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role可知，她开辟了一个新的节目。故选B。25.
196、C 【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的In Save Money: Good Food, she visits a different home each week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste, while preparing recipes for under 5 per family a day.可知， Susanna 在Matt Tebbutt的帮助下，提供如何减少食物浪费同时给每日生活费低于5英镑的每个家庭准备食谱。故选C。解题关键词：同义词表达
197、with the help of和help。26.C 【解析】写作意图题。根据文章第四段中的which gave viewers advice on how to get value from the vast range of health products on the market.可知，Save Money: Good Food节目是Save Money: Good Health节目之后，给观众一些建议：如何从众多的市场上的健康产品中获取价值。故选C。27.D 【解析】主旨要义题。根据文章的整体内容可知，文章作者一直在讲如何用较少的钱做出好的食物。根据文章中的prepare delic
198、ious and nutritious meals on a tight budget. 在资金紧张的情况下，准备可口且有营养的饭菜； how to reduce food waste, while preparing recipes for under 5 per family a day. 如何减少食物浪费同时给每日生活费低于5英镑的每个家庭准备食谱； how cheaply we can make this food ourselves. 我们自己做这种食物有多便宜； less expensive but still tasty recipes.不贵可仍然可口的食谱。可以推知D正确。Pa
199、ssage2【文章大意】这是一篇议论文。在当今社会，人们在公共场合或沉迷于智能手机，或与不舒服的沉默抗争，陌生人之间缺乏沟通。但人与人之间是需要适当的交谈闲聊的，闲聊是人际关系社会交往必不可少的部分，而且也有很多好处。32.C 【解析】主旨大意题。题干问的是：第一段描述了什么现象。在公共场合（比如在电梯里，在银行排队，或在飞机上）人们深深地专注于他们的智能手机，或者更糟糕的是，与不舒服的沉默抗争。有此可知，陌生人之间缺乏沟通。A项意为：沉迷于智能手机。B项意为：在公共场所不适当的行为。C项意为：陌生人之间缺乏沟通。D项意为：对缓慢的服务不耐烦。故选C项。33.B 【解析】推理判断题。题干问得是
200、对于Carducci来说，成功的闲聊中重要的是什么。根据第三段最后一句“The key to successful small talk is learning how to connect with others, not just communicate with them”（成功闲聊的关键是学习如何与他们交流，而不仅仅是与他们沟通。）由此推断C符合题意。A项意为：表现出良好的礼貌。B项意为：与他人有关的。C项意为：专注于一个话题。D项意为：做商业交易。故选B项。34.D 【解析】推理判断题。题干问的是：咖啡店的研究对闲聊有什么建议。根据第四段的调查结果可知，那些与服务员聊天的人，有显著的
201、积极情绪和更好的咖啡店体验。由此可知，D项符合题意。A项意为：闲聊改善了家庭关系。B项意为：闲聊提高了人们的信心。C项意为：闲聊和正式谈话一样重要。D项意为：闲聊让人感觉很好。故选D项。35.C 【解析】主旨大意题。整篇文章刚开始介绍了社会的现象（公共场合人们沉迷于智能手机，陌生人之间缺乏沟通交流），接着分析了这一问题的原因，接下来有专家对闲聊进行了研究，最后得出结论，闲聊都有什么样的好处。A项意为：谈话很重要。B项意为：闲聊的方法。C项意为：闲聊的好处。D项意为：不舒服的沉默。故选C项。Passage3【话题解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Dawson这座城市的发展原因、过程与现状。24
202、.C 【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第一段中Cities usually have a good reason for being where they are, like a nearby port or river. People settle in these places because they are easy to get to and naturally suited to communications and trade. New York City, for example, is near a large harbour at the mouth of the Hudson
203、 River.可知，人们选择在河边或港口设城是因为交通方便，便于做生意。而纽约就是在哈德森河口附近的一个大港口，故纽约吸引早期移民的原因是它的地理位置，故C正确。25.B 【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第二段最后一句Of the first 20,000 people who dug for gold, 4,000 got rich. About 100 of these stayed rich men for the rest of their lives.可知，在最初挖黄金的两万人中有4000人变富有，所以是五分之一的人变富了，故B正确。26.B 【解析】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中and
204、 when they heard there were new gold discoveries in Alaska, they left Dawson City as quickly as they had come.可知，人们离开Dawson的主要原因是听说在Alaska发现了黄金，也就是他们要去别的地方寻找发财的机会。故B正确。27.A 【解析】主旨大意题。第一段简要介绍城市发展的原因，引出Dawson这一城市的兴起，第二段介绍了该城市兴起的原因，第三段介绍人们选择离开该城市的原因及现在的状况，所以全文围绕Dawson这个城市的发展起伏。故A正确。Passage4【文章大意】本文为一篇记
205、叙文。讲述了自己第一次跑马拉松，凭借自己的意志力成功跑完全程的励志故事。36.C 【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第一段最后一句Yet, I was determined to go ahead. 可知，马拉松赛前一个月尽管作者脚踝受伤使得训练时间缩短，但作者仍下定决心参赛。故选C。37.C 【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第二段I didnt do either well. He later informed me that I was not athletic可知，作者提到7年级的事情是为了证明自己真的没有运动天赋。故选C。38.A 【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第10段I was one of t
206、he final runners to finish. But I finished! And I got a medal. In fact, I got the same medal as the one that the guy who came in first place had. 可知，作者坚持到了最后，而且得到了一块奖牌，虽然不是第一名，由此可见他成功地跑完了马拉松。故选A。39.B 【解析】主旨大意题。通读全文可知，作者在讲述自己跑马拉松的经历，再根据最后一段Determined to be myself, move forward, free of shame and worl
207、dly labels(世俗标签), I can now call myself a marathon winner. 可知，作者成功跑完马拉松源于自己的意志。故选B。题组三 Passage1【文章大意】为提高人们对于爵士乐的重视程度，UNESCO把4月30日定为国际爵士日，然而这一行为还是没能挽救爵士乐。Jason Moran认为时代在进步，为了将老一代人和年轻一代人连接起来，爵士乐也应该不断进步。28.D 细节理解题。根据第一段中的UNESCO( United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) recentl
208、y set April 30 as a day to raise awareness of jazz music, its significance, and its potential as a unifying(联合) voice across cultures.可知UNESCO把4月30日定为国际爵士日是为了让人们重视爵士乐，意识到它的重要性以及它作为连接各文化的纽带之声的潜在功能，也就是为了让人们意识到爵士乐的价值。故选D。29.C 推理判断题。根据前文Despite the celebrations, though, in the U.S. the jazz audience con
209、tinues to shrink and grow older, and the music has failed to connect with younger generations可知尽管UNESCO为爵士乐设了纪念日，但美国的爵士乐听众依然在减少，并且年龄在老化，爵士乐没能将年轻一代人连接起来。再结合Its Jason Morans job to help change that(是Jason Moran的工作是帮助改变那一情况)可推测that指代的是前文中爵士乐在年轻一代人中失去吸引力的现象。故选C。30.C 细节理解题。根据第五段中的The music cant be presen
210、ted today the way it was in 1908 or 1958. It has to continue to move, because the way the world works is not the same可知Moran认为现在爵士乐不能以1908或1958年的方式来呈现，因为世界已经不同了，所以爵士乐必须不断进步，说明随着时代的发展，爵士乐也要跟上时代才不会被年轻一代所抛弃。故选C。31.A 标题选择题。通读全文可知本文主要讲UNESCO为提高人们对爵士乐的重视而设立爵士日，但实际收效甚微。有人认为爵士乐应随着时代的进步而进步，否则它将失去对人们的吸引力，因此本文
211、主要是探索爵士乐的未来，故选A。Passage2【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了Terrafugia公司研制出了飞车，试飞成功，预计将于明年进行销售。本文主要对飞车的历史由来及其构架进行了介绍。28.A 【解析】段落大意题。根据“The vehicle-named the Transition has two seats wheels and wings that fold up so it can be driven like a car. The Transition, which flew at 1,400 feet for eight minutes last month, c
212、an reach around 70 miles per hour on the road and 115 in the flies using a 23-gallon tank of gas and bums 5 gallons per hour in the air. On the ground, it gets 35 miles per gallon.”可知选A。29.C 【解析】细节理解题。根据“But dont expect it to show up in too many driveways. Its expected to cost $279,000”可知，因为Transiti
213、on 的价格较高，所以不太可能在太多的马路上出现。故选C。30.B 【解析】细节理解题。根据“he government has already permitted the company to use special materials to make it easier for the vehicle to fly”以及“Mann said Terrafugia was helped by the Federal Aviation Administrations decision five years ago to create a separate set of standards fo
214、r light sport aircraf”可知，政府对于飞车的研发是比较支持的。故选B。31.D 【解析】标题归纳题。浏览全文，主要从飞车的试飞成功、飞车的构架以及多年以前人们对飞车的设想至今成为现实展开说明。故选D。Passage3【文章大意】这是一篇新闻报道。文章记叙了德国交通部长的对于自主驾驶车辆的规章制度的一个提议，引出说明了位于科技前沿的无人驾驶的自动化车辆在英国、新加坡和美国的不同前景。46.D 【解析】根据第二段的句子the grey area between semi-autonomous and fully driverless cars that could delay
215、the driverless future可知选D。47.B 【解析】根据第二段内容The proposal attempts to deal with what some call the “death valley” of autonomous vehicles可知选B。48.D 【解析】根据第六、七、八段内容可知选D。49.C 【解析】根据最后一段That would go down poorly in the US, however. “The idea that the government would take over driverless cars and treat them
216、 as a public good would get absolutely nowhere here,” says Calo.可知选C。50. A 【解析】通读全文可以知道，本文主要讲述了谁来对无人驾驶的机动车辆负责。故选A。题组四Passage1【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。笑容是世上最通用的语言，笑容是世上最温暖的语言。本文探讨了人类为什么笑这个话题。1.B 【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第二段的To find out when and why people laugh可知本文写作目的是弄清楚人类什么时候以及为什么会笑。故B项正确。2.A 【解析】推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段的At ag
217、es 5 and 6 we probably laugh more than at any other times. Adults laugh less than children, probably because they play less.可知，玩得多的人笑得多。A项正确。3.A 【解析】词义猜测题。联系上下文可知susceptible（易受影响的）与sensitive的意思最为接近。故选A。4.C 【解析】主旨大意题。笑容是世上最通用的语言，笑容是世上最温暖的语言，本文探讨了人类为什么而笑这个问题。故C项为最佳标题。Passage2【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。电动车真的没有污染吗？通
218、过文章的描述我们可以知道实际上并不是这样的，电动车比现在的汽车可能会导致更多的污染，因为它所使用的电，仍然是需要靠燃烧煤炭的资源来实现的。1.A 【解析】主旨大意题。根据文章第一句Electric cars are dirty. In fact，not only are they dirty，they might even be more dirty than their gasoline-powered cousins. 说明电动车一点也不环保。故A正确。2.C 【解析】细节理解题 。根据第四段的A gallon of gas may drive your car 25 miles. But
219、 the electricity you get from that gallon of gas wont get you nearly as far. 一加仑汽油可能使你的汽车行驶25英里. 但是你从那加仑汽油中得到的电力不会让你的车行那么远。故选C。3.B 【解析】推理判断题。根据文章A gallon of gas may propel your car 25 miles. But the electricity you get from that gallon of gas wont get you nearly as far- so electric cars bum more fue
220、l than gasoline-powered ones，可知电动汽车燃烧的燃料比汽油燃料多，故选B。4.D 【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第二段内容可知电动车所需要的电能，是需要通过燃烧煤炭等自然资源的，所以电动车并不如人们所认为的那样清洁无污染。故D正确。Passage3【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了源自于古希腊且一直沿用至今的说服他人的艺术，其中包括ethos、pathos、logos三种方式以及用这三种方式说服他人在各个领域应用的可能性。1.A 【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段第一句话“Persuasion is to convince someone to agree with y
221、ou, just like art which also calls for special techniques to accomplish.”可知，说服是为了建议人们支持你。故选A。2.B 【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段前两句“Ethos is a speakers way of convincing the audience that he is trustworthy, honest and reliable. One common way a speaker can develop ethos is by explaining how much experience or educa
222、tion he has in the field.”可知，演讲者说服听众相信他的方法是Ethos，故选B。3.C 【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“For example, a politician who is trying to convince an audience to vote for him might say that he alone can save the country from aterrible war.”和最后一句“Similarly, an animal charity might show an audience pictures of injured d
223、ogs and cats to make the viewers feel pity, so they will be more likely to donate money.”可知，政治家可能会说他会独自一人从可拍的战争中挽救一个国家为了说服观众为他投票，动物慈善机构向观众展示受伤的猫或者狗的图片是为了让观众感到可怜，更可能捐款。因此可知，政治家和慈善机构的共同之处是他们都想让听众支持他们。故选C。4.B 【解析】标题判断题。纵观全文可知，文章主要介绍了说服人的艺术，包括ethos、pathos、logos三中不同的方式，以及这三种方式在各个领域应用的可能性。因此推断B项“说服的三种基本方式
224、”为最佳标题，概况了文章中心主旨。故选B。Passage4【文章大意】主旨大意：主要讲述在现代社会，女性越来优秀，但在一些领域男女仍比例失调严重，男性占多数。1.B 【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“I know as time goes on, she will feel increasingly lonely as a girl whos interested in math and science, and be at risk of narrowing her choices in life before finding out how far she could have gon
225、e.可知，再过上几年，她的女儿会越来越孤独，并且选择的机会可能越来越少。故选B。2.D 【解析】细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段中“Women now make up half the national workforce, earn more college and graduate degrees than men, and by some estimates represent the largest single economic force in the world.”可知，女性大学生要比男生多。故选D。3.C 【解析】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段提到的三个时间点可以判断，此段是根据时间顺序来发展的。故选C。4.A 【解析】主旨大意题。文章主要讲述在现代社会，女性越来优秀，但在科学领域男女仍比例失调严重，男性占多数。故选A。
