1、四川省遂宁市射洪县柳树中学2018-2019学年高一英语下学期期末能力素质监测试题（英才班）本卷分为第卷和第卷两部分。考试时间60分钟，满分100分。考试结束后，第卷和机读卡一并收回。注意事项：1.答第卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号、考试科目用铅笔涂写在答题卡上。2.请将选择题答案填涂在机读卡上，请将非选择题答案写在第卷上，否则不予给分。第I卷（选择题，满分60分）第一部分 阅读理解（共10小题；每小题3分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、和C )中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ALarger brain size is linked to longer
2、 life in deer. The size of female animals brains may determine whether they live longer and have more healthy later generations, according to new research led by the University of Cambridge.The study, published in the Royal Society Open Science, shows that female red deer with larger brains live lon
3、ger and have more surviving later generations than those with smaller brains. Brain size is heritable and can be passed down through generations. This is the first extensive study of individual differences in brain size in wild mammals and draws on data comparing seven generations of deer.Across spe
4、cies of mammals, brain size varies widely. This is thought to be a consequence of specific differences in the benefits and costs of a larger brain. Mammals with larger brains may, for example, have greater abilities that enable them to adapt better to environmental changes or they may have longer li
5、fe spans. But there may also be disadvantages: For instance, larger brains require more energy, so individuals that possess them may show reduced abilities to give birth to young babies.The researchers, based at the University of Cambridges Zoology Department and the University of Edinburghs Institu
6、te of Evolutionary Biology, wanted to test if they could find more direct genetic or non-genetic evidence of the costs and benefits of large brain size by comparing the longevity (寿命) and survival of individuals of the same species with different brain sizes. Using the skulls of 1,314 wild red deer
7、whose life histories and breeding success had been monitored in the course of a long-term study on the Isle of Rum, they found that females with larger endocranial volumes ( 脑腔容量) lived longer and produced more surviving offspring in the course of their lives.Lead author Dr. Corina Logan, a Gates Ca
8、mbridge scholar, says, The reasons for the association between brain size and longevity are not known, but other studies have suggested that larger brains are a consequence of the longer-lived species having longer developmental periods in which the brain can grow. These predictions are generated fr
9、om cross-species correlations; however, testing such hypotheses requires investigations at the within-species level, which is what we did.Dr. Logan adds, We found that some of the cross-species predictions about brain size held for female red deer, and that none of the predictions were supported in
10、male red deer. This indicates that each sex likely experiences its own set of trade-offs (平衡) with regard to brain size. The study also showed that females relative endocranial volume is smaller than that of males, despite evidence of selection for larger brains in females.Professor Tim Clutton-Broc
11、k, who set up the Rum Red Deer study with Fiona Guinness in 1972 and started the work on brain size, points out, The reason that this kind of study has not been conducted before is that it requires long-term records of a large number of individuals across multiple generations and data of this kind a
12、re still rare in wild animals.1. What does the new research on brain size reveal?A. Large-brain red deer tend to have more offspring.B. Large-brain female deer survive small-brain male deer.C. Brain size causes individual differences in some mammals.D. Brain size has been increasing from generation
13、to generation.2. Why does the brain size vary widely from different species of mammals?A. Mammals can develop different adaptive abilities.B. A larger brain has its advantages and disadvantages.C. Different mammals are born with different lifespans.D. Brain size is affected by genetic or non-genetic
14、 factors.3. What can we learn about the relation between brain size and longevity?A. The cause and effect need to be further investigated.B. Brain size absolutely determines animals longevity.C. Longer-lived species allow brains to grow to a large size.D. The cross-species assumptions apply to red d
15、eer of both sexes.4. What can we infer from Professor Tim Clutton-Brocks words?A. Researchers cant possibly reach a conclusion about the reason.B. Researchers are not patient enough to keep long-term records.C. Such research has been thoroughly conducted on wild animals before.D. Such research will
16、experience great difficulty in the long-term process.BLook at the map of Spain and point at the center. Youve located the countrys capital and one of Europes most beautiful cities: Madrid. This popular destination is considered a city of contrasts with its abundant historic sites standing in the sha
17、dows of modern skyscrapers.HistoryThis city of over 3 million people is proud of its Western Europes largest royal palace-the Royal Palace of Madrid,and some consider it to be Madrids most beautiful building.Inside the Royal Palace of Madrid, 2,800 rooms are decorated in glory with quality furniture
18、 and artworks. Tourists can tour 50 of these large and splendid rooms.ArtThe Internationally respected Prado Museum is one of the largest and most impressive art galleries in Spain. Opened in 1819, it is filled with works of art that feature the worlds most comprehensive collection of Spanish painti
19、ng.ShoppingMadrid has some of Europes best shopping malls, and potential buyers love to look through the stores looking for bargains. And for 500 years, shoppers have gathered to an extremely large outdoor flea market known as el Rastro where they find everything from antiques to CDs.EntertainmentNo
20、 trip to Madrid is complete without seeing a performance of Spains famous art form, flamenco. Every day,flamenco performers sing, dance or play the guitar in small cafes and grand theaters alike.FoodMadrid has a wide variety of restaurants, but because the Spanish typically eat late at 9 or 10 p. m.
21、 , its difficult to find good dinner food earlier. If you get hungry before then, the best solution is to try a tapas bar where light snacks are served. Be sure to try the jamn, a kind of dry-cured ham: Spain is famous for it.5. What do we know about the Royal Palace of Madrid?A. It has 50 rooms for
22、 visit.B. It can hold 2,800 people.C. Its been visited by 3 million people.D. It is thought to be the largest royal palace in Europe.6. What kind of market is el Rastro ?A. For discounts. B. For artworks.C. To sell various goods.D. To sell antiques and CDs.7. What is a must when traveling in Madrid?
23、A. Having dinner earlier.B. Enjoying the flamenco.C. Visiting the Prado Museum.D. Drinking in a tapas bar.CGetting stitched (缝合) up by Dr. Robot may one day become a reality. Scientists have created a robotic system which did operations on living animals without a real doctor pulling the strings. Mu
24、ch like engineers are designing self-driving cars, the medical research is part of a move toward autonomous surgical robots, removing the surgeons hands from certain tasks that a machine might perform all by itself.Doctors wouldnt leave the bedside. Theyre supposed to watch. Plus theyd handle the re
25、st of the surgery. In small tests using pigs, the robotic arm performed at least as well, and in some cases a bit better, as some competing surgeons in stitching together intestinal (肠的) tissue. The purpose wasnt to replace surgeons, said Dr. Kim who led the project.If you have an intelligent tool t
26、hat works with a surgeon, can it improve the outcome? Thats what we have done.If youve heard about machines like the popular Da Vinci system, you might think robots have already started operating. Not really. Today many hospitals offer robot-assisted surgery where surgeons use the machinery as tools
27、 that they control by hand to operate through tiny openings in the body. But robot-assisted surgery has been controversial, as some studies have shown it can bring higher costs without better outcomes.Kims team, the Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, invented a new STAR (Smart
28、 TissueAutonomous Robot) system which worked sort of like a programmable sewing machine. They added sensors to help guide each stitch and tell how tightly to pull. But the approach wasnt perfect. In the operations on the living animals, the robot took much longer and made a few stitching mistakes wh
29、ile the surgeon sewing by hand made none. Kim said the robot can be sped up. He hoped to begin human studies in two or three years.8. Whats the best title for the text?A. A New Robotic SystemB. A New-style Way of StitchingC. The Newly-designed Driverless VehiclesD. Robot Surgeons One Step Closer to
30、Reality9. Why are people against using robots in surgery?A. They can be out of control.B. They will take shorter time.C. They may be expensive to use.D. They are likely to cause great pain.10. What can we infer from the text?A. Dr. Robot can take the place of surgeons.B. Dr. Robot will be improved.C
31、. Dr. Robot has been tested on human trials.D. Dr. Robot can free doctors hands in the operation.第二部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。I am an educator born to make a difference. I have spent my entire life at the 11 And we know w
32、hy kids drop out. But one of the things that we never discuss or we 12 discuss is the value and importance of human 13 .A colleague said to me, They dont pay me to 14 the kids. They pay me to give a 15 .Well, I said to her,You know, kids dont learn from people they dont like. Some think that you can
33、 either have it in you to build a 16 , or you dont. I have had classes that were so 17 that I cried. I wondered, How am I going to 18 this group, in nine months, from where they are to where they need to be? It was difficult, awfully 19 How do I 20 the self-esteem ( 自尊) of a child and his academic a
34、chievement at the same time?One year I 21 a bright idea. I told my students, You were 22 to be in my class because I am the best and you are the best. One of the students said, Really? I said, Really. We have to show the other classes how to do it.People will 23 us when we walk down the hall, so we
35、cant make noise. And I gave them a saying to say: I am 24 I was somebody when I came. Ill be a better somebody when I leave. I 25 the education that I get here. I have things to do, people to impress, and places to go.Teaching and learning should 26 joy. How 27 would our world be if we had kids who
36、were not afraid to take risks, who were not afraid to think, and who had a 28 ? Every child deserves a champion. An educator should be an adult who will never29 them, who understands the power of connection, and who insists that they become the 30 that they can possibly be.11. A. school buildingB. c
37、ollegeC. community centerD. prison12. A. frequentlyB. partlyC. finallyD. rarely13. A. relativeB. connectionC. experienceD. understanding14. A. pleaseB. satisfyC. likeD. treat15. A. lessonB. jokeC. wayD. class16. A. friendshipB. bridgeC. gapD. relationship17. A. excellentB. badC. sadD. adaptable18. A
38、. joinB. ownC. takeD. make19. A. upsetB. boringC. frustratedD. hard20. A. raiseB. ariseC. showD. control21. A. came outB. came toC. came up withD. came about22. A. ledB. placedC. chosenD. thrown23. A. noticeB. lookC. findD. call24. A. nothingB. somebodyC. anybodyD. something25. A. reserveB. expectC.
39、 observeD. deserve26. A. catchB. bringC. expressD. indicate27. A. powerfulB. magicalC. fearfulD. imaginative28. A. prizeB. supporterC. teacherD. champion29. A. put upB. depend onC. give up onD. refuse30. A. brightB. bestC. confidentD. determined第卷（非选择题 共40分）第二节 语法填空（共10小题：每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下列短文，在空白处填入
40、1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Tea is an important part of Chinese tradition. The practice of drinking tea has 31 long history in China. Nowadays, Chinese tea generally represents tea leaves which have been processed 32 (use) methods inherited from ancient China.According to popular legend, tea 33 (discover) by
41、 Shen Nong in 2737 BC. 34 a leaf from a nearby shrub fell into the water he was boiling. Shen Nong was interested in the new liquid, 35 (drink) some carefully, and found it very refreshing. And so, tea is said to be created in 2737 BC.Tea is deeply woven into the history and culture of China. The be
42、verage (饮料) is considered one of the seven 36 (necessity) of Chinese life, along with firewood, rice, oil, salt, soy sauce and vinegar. Around 771 B.C.-476 BC. Chinese tea was used 37 (help) treat some diseases.Most Chinese teas are cultivated and consumed in China. Tea shops and tea houses in the s
43、treet are easily found inChina. Meanwhile, they are also exported internationally due 38 a rise in the 39 (popular) of Chinese cuisine worldwide. Tea has become one of Chinese specific drinks in the world. It is 40 (common) available in Chinese restaurants and grocery stores worldwide.31. 32. 33. 34
44、. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 第三部分 书面表达(满分：25分)假定你是李华，你班交换生Jim将要参加“学在中国”留学生汉语演讲比赛，来信向你咨询。请你给他写一封邮件，内容包括：1.推荐一个演讲话题；2.说明推荐的理由；3.建议他做哪些准备工作。注意：1.词数100左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3.邮件的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。Dear Jim, Yours, Li Hua 英语参考答案阅读：1-4）CBAD 5-7） ACB 8-10）DCB完形：11-15)ADBCA 16-20)DBCDA 21-25)CCABD 26-30)BADCB语法填空3
45、1.a32.using33.was discovered34.when35.drank 36.necessities37.to help38. to39.popularitymonly书面表达Dear Jim,Im glad to know that youll take part in the “Studying in China” speech contest. Id like to give you some practical suggestions.I recommend that you talk about the courses on Chinese traditional c
46、ulture youve attended. The major reason is that they introduce the real treasure in human history. Besides, since youve taken the courses systematically, youre sure to have a deep understanding of them. To do it well, I think you should choose impressive examples to gain the recognition of the judges. Moreover, you have to practice your spoken Chinese to express yourself more clearly and fluently. Speaking skills are also needed, for they can help maximize the effectiveness of your speech.I really hope my advice will be helpful. Wish you a great success. Yours, Li Hua