1、Section Grammar and usage 简单句、并列句和主从复合句探究发现1Our website has many articles about teenagers physical and mental health.2Before you write your post, however, take a look at other users posts first.3You can look through these articles to find advice on your problem.4It is likely that the matter has alre
2、ady been discussed on our forum.5We know that being a teenager is sometimes difficult.6If your problem is a new one, write a post about it.7Your parents do not always agree and that makes you feel unhappy.8Its completely normal to struggle with the stress that parentchild tensions create.9Users are
3、encouraged to post their problems, and they will get some advice from our health experts and other forum users.10I know, but my parents dont seem to understand that.我的发现(1)简单句是只含有一个主谓结构的句子。如句1、2。(2)并列句由并列连词连接的两个或两个以上的简单句构成。如句7、9、10。(3)主从复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。如句2、4、6、8；句5中含有宾语从句；句4中含有主语从句；句2、6中含有状语从句
4、；句8中含有定语从句。语法图解 单元语法一图贯通 语法突破 语境理解合作探究一、简单句(Simple sentence)简单句是由一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)构成的句子。句子的各个成分都是由单词或短语表示。观察归纳Einsteins name|never dies.爱因斯坦的名字永远不会消失。The moon|rose.月亮升起来了。主语谓语(SV)Time|passes|quickly.时光飞逝。 They|are standing|under the tree.他们正站在树下。主语谓语状语(SVA)Who|knows|the answer? 谁知道答案？She|enter
5、ed|the room.她进入了这个房间。主语谓语宾语(SVO)She|is doing|her homework|carefully.她正认真地做家庭作业。Jane and her sister|are playing|computer games|at home.简和她的姐姐正在家中玩游戏。主语谓语宾语状语(SVOA)She|offered|me|much help.她给了我大量帮助。I|showed|him|my pictures.我给他看了我的照片。主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语(SVOO)They|painted|the door|green.他们把门漆成绿色。They|found|the
6、 house|deserted.他们发现那房子无人居住。主语谓语宾语宾语补足语(SVOC)This|is|an EnglishChinese dictionary.这是一本英汉辞典。The dinner|smells|good.午餐闻起来不错。主语系动词表语(SVP)即时演练1翻译句子他昨天早上起床很晚。(SVA)He got up very late yesterday morning.他的报告听起来很有意思。(SVP)His report sounds very interesting.我的英语老师能流利地说英语。(SVOA)My English teacher can speak Eng
7、lish fluently.我父亲已经给我买了一辆新自行车。(SVOO)My father has bought me a new bike.每天早晨，我们都听到他大声朗读英语。(SVOC)We all hear him read English aloud every morning.二、并列句(Compound sentence)并列句是由两个或两个以上并列而又独立的简单句构成的。不同的并列连词表示并列分句之间的不同关系。观察The teachers name is Smith, and the students name is John.老师叫史密斯，学生叫约翰。Hurry up, or
8、 youll miss the train.快点，否则你会错过火车的。He was a little man with thick glasses, but he had a strange way of making his classes lively.他是个戴着厚厚眼镜的小个子，但他有一种奇特的方式使他的课生动。August is the time of the year for rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark.八月是一年中收割水稻的时候，所以每天我都从黎明工作到天黑。归纳两个简单句常由并列连接词连在一起；但有
9、时不用连接词，也可以在两个简单句之间用分号。并列连词包含以下几种情况：(1)表示平行并列，常用连词有and, not only .but also ., neither .nor .等；(2)表示选择并列，常用连词有or, either .or .等；(3)表示转折并列，常用连词有but, however，yet, while等；(4)表示因果并列，常用连词有so, for等。即时演练2选词填空(and, but, or, so, for)Id like to go with you, and Im not busy.I cant tell my cousins appearance, for
10、 I have never seen her.Dont run in the classroom, or you may hurt yourself.Surfing the Internet is fun, but its also a time waster.A snake hit him so he went to see a doctor at once.Come a little earlier next time, or youll miss the best part of the TV play.三、复合句(Complex sentence)(主从)复合句是含有一个或一个以上从句
11、的句子。复合句包含：名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句)、定语从句和状语从句等。1定语从句(Attributive clause)观察The car that/which I saw this morning is my teachers.我今天早上看到的那辆车是我老师的。The professor who/whom you are waiting for has come.你正在等的教授已经来了。He has a friend whose father is a doctor.他有一个朋友的爸爸是一位医生。The day when Nelson Mandela helped
12、 me was one of my happiest.纳尔逊曼德拉帮助我的那一天是我一生中最快乐的时光之一。The school where I studied for only two years was three kilometers away.我曾在那里学习仅两年的学校离家有三公里远。归纳定语从句就像一个形容词来修饰一个名词或代词，所以又被称为形容词性从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。引导定语从句的关系词既起连接作用，又在定语从句中充当成分。,关系词为关系代词(that， which， who， whom， whose)和关系副词(when，where，why)。即时演练3选词填空(t
13、hat, who, whom, where, whose)The thing that you must do is to have a meal.Do you know the girl who is crying?This is the artist whose paintings are known all over the world.Didnt you see the man whom I talked with just now?The company where his uncle works is the largest one in this city.2状语从句(Adver
14、bial clause)观察When I got home, my family were having dinner.我到家的时候，我的家人正在吃晚饭。I didnt leave until she came back.直到她回来，我才离开。Wuhan lies where the Yangtze and the Han River meet.武汉位于长江和汉水汇合处。Because he did not obey the rules, he was punished.由于不遵守规章制度，他受到了处罚。Lets take the front seats so that we may see
15、more clearly.我们坐前排吧，这样我们可以看得更清楚些。In order that everyone present might hear her clearly, she raised her voice again.为了使在场的每个人都能听清楚，她再次提高了声音。I didnt plan the work well, so that I didnt finish it in time.我没把工作计划好，所以没按时完成。He made so inspiring a speech that everybody got excited.他发表了如此鼓舞人心的演讲以至于大家都很激动。If
16、 you ask him, he will help you.如果你向他请求帮助，他会帮你的。They will go tomorrow unless it rains.除非明天下雨，否则他们会去的。Although/Though/While he is young, he knows a lot.他尽管年轻，但知道很多。The result was not as good as I had expected.结果不如我预料的那么好。He is taller than his father by two inches.他比他爸爸高两英寸。Please do as you are told.请按
17、照你被告诉的去做。The boy plays piano as though he has a natural ear for music.这男孩弹起钢琴来好像天生很懂音乐似的。归纳状语从句就像副词一样用来修饰谓语动词或整个句子，因此又称为副词性从句。通常由从属连词引导。状语从句根据表达意思分为时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较、让步等九类。(1)时间状语从句的引导词： when, as, as soon as, before, after, since, till, until, every time, the moment等；(2)地点状语从句的引导词： where, wher
18、ever等；(3)原因状语从句的引导词： because, since, as, for, now that等；(4)目的状语从句的引导词： so that, in order that等；(5)结果状语从句的引导词： so that, so .that, such . that等；(6)条件状语从句的常用引导词： if, unless, as/so long as等；(7)让步状语从句的常用引导词： though/although, even if/even though, no matter what, whatever；(8)比较状语从句的常用引导词：as(同级比较), than(不同程
19、度的比较), the more .the more .; (9)方式状语从句的常用引导词：as, as if/though。即时演练4(1)同义句转换He rushed home the moment he got the good news.He rushed home as soon as he got the good news.She is such a kind girl that we like her very much.The girl is so kind that we like her very much.They hurried so that they might n
20、ot miss the train.They hurried in order not to miss the train.I wont let you in unless you show me your pass.I wont let you in if you dont show me your pass.Weather permitting, well go camping.If weather permits, well go camping.(2)补全句子He looked behind from time to time as he walked.他一边走，一边不时地往后看。Je
21、nny is such a clever girl that all of us like her very much.詹妮是如此聪明的女孩，以至于我们都非常喜欢她。We wont lose heart even if/though we fail ten times.我们就是失败十次也不泄气。As/So long as we dont lose heart, well find a way to overcome the difficulty.只要我们不灰心，我们就能找到克服困难的方法。If it doesnt rain, well climb the hill tomorrow.如果明天不
22、下雨，我们就去爬山。3名词性从句(Noun clause)观察He told me (that) he would go to college the next year.他告诉我他明年上大学。Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam.没有人知道他是否会通过考试。When the plane is to take off has not been announced.飞机何时起飞还没有宣布。This is because he missed the train.这是因为他没赶上火车。Where the manager had put the file
23、s troubled Mary.经理把文件放在了哪儿这事让玛丽很苦恼。归纳名词性从句相当于名词，可分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。因此，名词性从句分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句，且都不能用逗号与主句分开。名词性从句引导词主要有三类：(1)从属连词： that, if/whether, as if, because等； that无词义，也不在从句中作任何成分，有时可省略； whether, if, as if, because等有词义，但在从句中不作成分。(2)连接代词： who, whose, whom, what, which等都有词义且在从句中作主语、表语、宾语、定语等
24、成分。(3)连接副词 when, where, why, how等都有词义且在从句中作状语。即时演练5请判断下列各句黑体词引导的从句是哪一类名词性从句He looks as if he isnt satisfied with my task.表语从句The whole truth came out at last that he was a wolf in sheeps clothing.同位语从句He was sent to the hospital.Thats because he was ill.表语从句We must never think that we are good in ev
25、erything.宾语从句Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question.主语从句1design vt.设计；制订 n设计；设计艺术(教材p.20)So, we have designed TeenHealthWeb to help you along the journey to adulthood. 所以我们设计了青少年健康网络来帮助你走向成年。(1)be designed for ./to do .专为设计的；目的是(2)by design 有意地，故意地(3)designer n. 设计者(经典佳句)The mu
26、sic festival is designed to strengthen friendship and promote academic progress together.这个音乐节旨在加强友谊，共同促进学业进步。练透单句语法填空The method is specifically designed for use in small groups.Do you think the traffic accident was caused by accident or by design?The bridge in Suzhou is so nice and its designer (de
27、sign) is a young girl.写美补全句子The military action was designed to drive the enemy out of the town.这次军事行动是打算把敌人赶出这个镇子。2look through浏览；快速查看(教材p.20)You can look through these articles to find advice on your problem.你可以浏览这些文章来找出关于你的问题的建议。look around环视；参观look after 照顾 look back (on) 回忆；回顾look down on/upon
28、轻视；看不起look forward to 期待 look into 调查look up 向上看；查阅look out (for) 当心； 注意察看(经典佳句)Ive looked through all my papers but I still cant find the contract.我翻阅了我所有的文件，但是我仍然找不到那份合同。练透用look的相关短语填空The kid is looking forward to being taken to the zoo this weekend.As I saw the old photo, I always looked back on
29、the scene where we had met.Johns mother told him to look after his younger brother.It is wrong of you to look down on/upon the disabled in need.You should look through your paper before handing it in.写美补全句子Because fish look through water, their eyes are very different from a mammal.因为鱼能透过水看东西，它们的眼睛与
30、哺乳动物非常不同。3likely adj.可能的，预料的，有希望的(教材p.20)It is likely that the matter has already been discussed on our forum. 这个问题很可能在我们论坛上已经讨论过了。(1)be likely to do sth很可能做某事It is likely that . 很可能sb is likely to do 某人有可能(2)unlikely adj. 不太可能的(经典佳句)If you choose this way, it is likely that you will fall into a tra
31、p.如果你选择这条路，你很有可能会落入圈套。练透单句语法填空That means the price is likely to go (go) down because of the competition.If you can find good learning methods, your learning efficiency is likely to be improved (improve)写美一句多译他很可能会同意我们出国留学的计划。He will be very likely to agree to our plan to study abroad.It is very like
32、ly that he will agree to our plan to study abroad.4cheer up(使)变得高兴，振奋起来(教材p.21)Cheer up, Teresa.Theyll understand that everything will turn out all right! 振奋起来，特里萨。他们会明白一切都会好起来的！(1)cheer v& n欢呼，喝彩，加油cheer sb on 为某人加油(2)cheerful adj. 高兴的；兴高采烈的(3)Cheers! 干杯！(经典佳句)Upon arriving at the classroom，the aut
33、hor was cheered up by a warm welcome.一走进教室，那位作者就因热烈的欢迎而高兴起来。练透单句语法填空I do hope she can cheer up and accept the challenge of life bravely! Cathy didnt expect any award but was still there to cheer on her friends and praise their accomplishments.They are both very cheerful(cheer) in spite of their colds (感冒)写美词汇升级When Im feeling depressed, my mother tells me funny stories to make me happy.When Im feeling depressed, my mother tells me funny stories to cheer me up.