1、话题22 国家地理基础知识自测一、单词识记1._ n.省；行政区2._ n.矛盾；冲突3._ n.制度；机制4._ n.乡下；农村5._ n.婚礼wedding provinceconflictinstitutioncountryside6._ n.制服7._ vt.使激动;使胆战心惊8._ vt.折叠;对折9._ vt.完成;实现10._ vt.澄清;阐明clarify uniformthrillfoldaccomplish11._ adj.不愿意(的)12._ adj.全国性的13._ adv.粗略地;粗糙地14._ n.&vi.争吵;争论15._ n.快乐 vt.使高兴delightun
2、willingnationwideroughlyquarrel二、单词拓展(A)单词派生1._ vt.&vi.联合；团结_ n.联合；团结2._ n.便利；方便_ adj.方便的convenientuniteunionconvenience3._ adj.可能的_ n.可能(性)possiblepossibility4._ v.喜欢;享受_ adj.愉快的;快乐的enjoyableenjoy5._ n.快乐,高兴_ adj.高兴的；快乐的6._ adj.粗糙的；艰难的_ adv.大体上；粗略地roughly delightdelightedrough(B)灵活运用1.He_(rough)exa
3、mined the old records.副词修饰动词,roughly“粗略地”。2.They spent an_(enjoy)weekend.3.There is always a _(possible)that he might go back to UK.名词引导后面的同位语从句。possibilityenjoyableroughly形容词作定语4.It is a great _ (convenient)to live near the bus station.4.名词作表语。5.She was so_(delight)to know that she had passed the e
4、xam that she sang all day long.5.形容词作表语,delighted“高兴的”。delightedconvenience三、短语翻译1._ 由组成2._ 把分成3._ 挣脱(束缚);脱离4._ 为带来荣誉;值得赞扬to ones credit consist ofdivide.intobreak away(from)5._ 列出单子6._省去;遗漏;不考虑7._(机器)损坏;破坏8._代替take the place of make a listleave outbreak down9._ 对感到困惑10._ 为了方便起见11._ 在特殊场合12._ 评论comm
5、ent on be puzzled aboutfor convenienceon special occasions四、课文回顾Great Britain consists of four countries：England,Wales,Scotland and Northern Ireland.In the 13th century Wales was linked 1_ England.In 1603,they were joined to Scotland.They were united in peace instead 2_ by war.However,just 3_ they w
6、ere going to get Ireland connected 4_(form)United Kingdom,the southern part of Ireland broke away,5_ only Northern Ireland joined with England.to of as to form so England is the 6_(large)of the four countries and for convenience 7_ was divided into three zones：the South of England，the Midlands and t
7、he North.Most of the population 8_(settle)in the South，but most of the industrial cities are located in the Midlands and the North.largest it are settled London is the capital city with the great 9_(history)treasures.It has the oldest port built by the Romans in the 1st century AD，the oldest buildin
8、g begun by 10_ Anglo Saxons in the 1060s and the oldest castle constructed by later Norman rulers in 1066.historical the 五、语段改错England is largest of the four countries,and forconvenience it is divided rough into three zones.The zone nearest France is call the South of England,the middle zone is call
9、ed the Midlandsand the one nearest to Scotland is known for the North.astheroughlycalledYou find most of the population settled inthe south,but the most of the industrialcities in the Midlands or the North of England.andAlthough,nationwide,these cities are not aslarger as those in China,they have wo
10、rld-famous football teams and some of which evenhave two!It is a pity that the industrial citiesbuilding in the nineteenth century doesntattract visitors.largethembuiltdont1.在largest前加上the 形容词最高级前用the。2.rough roughly 副词roughly修饰动词。3.call called 表示“被叫做”，故用过去分词called。4.for as 表示“作为而出名”，as后接称谓。5.去掉most
11、前的the 指“大多数工业城市”，而非最高级。6.or and 指中部和北部，并非二者取一。7.larger large 因asas 中用原形。8.which them 指代前面的城市。9.building built 因build 与cities 是被动和完成的关系，用过去分词作后置定语。10.doesnt dont 主语是“the industrial cities”，谓语用“dont attract”。重点词汇讲练1.consist of(=be made up of,include)由组成原句 How many countries does the UK consist of?英国由几
12、个国家组成?(B5P9)例句The USA consists of 50 States.美国由50个州组成。比较 consist in 在于;决定于(=be based on or depend on)运用 完成句子,使其意思相同于前一句。This club is made up of more than 300 members.=This club _ more than 300 members.consists of Happiness does not depend on how many possessions you own.=Happiness does not _ how man
13、y possessions you own.consist in原句England can be divided into three main areas.英格兰可以划分成三个主要地区。(B5P9)2.divide into 把分成例句 The teacher divided the students into four groups.老师把学生分成四组。比较divide.into 是把一个整体分割为若干部分；而separate.from是把混杂在一起或连在一起的东西分隔开。运用 用divide或separate 的相关短语填空。A fence _the cows _ the pigs.Le
14、ts _ ourselves _ two groups.intoseparatesfromdivide原句 However,the southern part of Ireland was unwilling and broke awayto form its own government.然而,爱尔兰的南部却不愿意而分离出去了,并建立了自己的政府。(B5P10)3.break away(from)从脱离/分离例句This part of the country wants to break away from the central government and there are many
15、 conflicts in this area.这一地区想从中央政府脱离出去,这个地区冲突不断。运用 根据汉语意思完成下列英语句子。你能改掉这些坏习惯吗？Can you _ _?他与家庭断绝关系,到国外去了。He _ his family and went abroad.break away from the badhabitsbroke away from例句 He left out himself when counting the number of people present.当他在数出席的人数的时候,他漏掉了自己。4.leave out 省略，遗漏原句 Which country
16、is left out?哪一个国家遗漏了？(B5P11)运用 根据汉语意思完成下列英语句子。当你邀请人们去参加晚会时,别把我漏掉。Dont _ when you invite people to your party你在这一句中遗漏了最重要的一个单词。You _ _ in this sentenceleave me outhave left out the most importantword原句 All of the words below can take the place of said.下面所有的单词都能替代said。(B5P12)5.take the place of 代替例句He
17、 is such a great leader that nobody can take the place of him.他是一位出色的领导,没有人能代替他。比较take place 发生；举行运用 I will attend the meeting instead of the manager.=I will _ the manager to attend the meeting.Great changes _(发生了)in my town since 1978.have taken placetake the place of原句 On my way to the station my
18、car broke down.在去车站的路上我的车抛锚了。(B5P13)例句 Her telephone broke down.她的电话出故障了。6.break down(汽车等)抛锚;被搞垮;垮掉 运用 根据汉语意思完成英文句子。(1)我们的车坏了,不得不把它拖到修车厂去。_ and we had to draw it to a garage.(2)He _(身体垮了)because of overwork.broke downOur car broke down写作句型仿写原句 It looked splendid when first built.刚建成时,它看起来真是金碧辉煌。(B5P
19、14)1.连词(when,unless,once.)+过去分词短语例句 The temple looked grand when first built.寺庙刚建成的时候,看起来很雄伟。仿写 根据汉语意思完成英文句子。一旦形成,坏习惯将很难改掉。_,the bad habits are hard to get rid of.当被问到发生什么事,他突然间哭了。_,he burst into tears.When asked what had happenedOnce formed原句It seemed strange that the man who had developed communis
20、m should have lived and died in London.这似乎是一件怪事:这位发展了共产主义的人竟然在伦敦生活,并且在伦敦逝世。(B5P14)2.It seemed/seems/is strange that sb.should do 某人竟然,这似乎不可思议例句It seemed strange thathe should abandon his wife and children.他竟然抛妻弃子,真是太不可思议了。仿写 根据汉语意思完成下列英语句子。他竟然能吃玻璃,这似乎不可思议。_ he should eat glass.真奇怪,他竟然考试不及格。_It seems
21、 strange thatIts strange that he should failthe exam.原句There is no need to debate any more about why different words are used to describe the four countries.没有必要去争论为什么要用不同的词去描述这四个国家。3.There is no need to do没有必要做某事例句 There is no need todebate any more about how to spend the money,as no money is left
22、now.没有必要去争论怎么用这些钱,因为所有的钱都已经用完了。仿写 根据汉语意思完成英语句子。我们有必要再去那一趟吗?_没必要给他写封信告知这个消息。_and inform him the news.There is no need to write to himIs there any need for us to go there again?4.when you will find sb.included as well.当的时候,你会发现也包括在内。原句Now when people refer to England you will find Wakes included as we
23、ll.现在当人们讲起英格兰的时候你会发现威尔士也包括在内。例句 When people refer to the excellent basketball players in China,you will find Yaoming included as well.现在当人们谈到中国杰出的篮球运动员的时候,你会发现姚明也包括在内。仿写 根据汉语意思完成英文句子。当人们谈到我们班的高材生时,你会发现汤姆也包括其中。Now when people refer to the top students in our class,_ _.Tom included as wellyou will fin
24、d(2)当人们谈论到中国时,你会发现台湾也包括在内。When people refer to China,youll find Taiwan included as well.难句结构分析原句 It has the oldest port built by the Romans in the first century AD,the oldest building begun by the Anglo-Saxons in the 1060s and the oldest castle constructed by later Norman rulers in 1066.它有公元一世纪由罗马人建造的最古老的港口，有由盎格鲁撒克逊人始建于11世纪60年代的最古老的建筑,还有最古老的城堡由诺曼统治者建于1066年。(P10 B5)分析 本句虽有35个词之长，但是一个简单句，主干是It has the oldest port,the oldest building and the oldest castle。has后的三个宾语后都有一个过去分词短语，作_语。后置定Thank You!