1、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句新知导引在空格处填入适当的关系代词或关系副词1(教材原句P1)This gift was the Amber Room,_ was given this name because several tons of amber were used to make it.2(教材原句P1)The amber _ was selected had a beautiful yellow-brown colour like honey.3(教材原句P1)It was also a treasure decorated with gold and jewels,_ took
2、the countrys best artists about ten years to make.whichwhichwhich4(教材原句P1)However,the next King of Prussia,Frederick William，to _ the amber room belonged,decided not to keep it.5(教材原句P2)Later,Catherine had the Amber Room moved to a palace outside St Petersburg _ she spent her summers.6(教材原句P2)This w
3、as a time _ the two countries were at war.7(教材原句P5)A fact is anything _ can be proved.8(教材原句P7)I think highly of those _ are searching for the Amber Room.whomwherewhenthatwho共性呈现1例句(1)(3)中含which引导的_定语从句；例句(2)中含which引导的_定语从句；在形式上非限制性定语从句与限制性定语从句的区别在于：关系词前是否有_。2以上例句中含非限制性定语从句的有_；含限制性定语从句的有_。非限制性限制性逗号(
4、1)(3)(4)(2)(5)(6)(7)(8)语法精释一、定语从句的种类根据定语从句与先行词之间关系的紧密程度，我们将定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两种。1限制性定语从句限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，用于修饰和限定先行词。如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整。这种从句和主句的关系十分密切，两者之间不用逗号分开；关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省略。引导限制性定语从句的关系代词有who,whom,whose,that,which,as；关系副词有where,when,why。This is the computer(that/which)he bought for his so
5、n yesterday.这是他昨天为儿子买的电脑。The woman who/that survived the earthquake is Amys English teacher.在地震中幸存的那个女人是埃米的英语老师。I live next door to a couple whose children often make a lot of noise.我住在一对夫妇的隔壁，他们的孩子经常吵闹。2非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句和主句的关系不是十分密切，只是对先行词或主句作些附加说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然完整。这种从句和主句之间往往用逗号分开。引导非限制性定语从句的关系词与引导限制
6、性定语从句的关系词略有不同。除that和why不能引导非限制性定语从句外，其他都可以。He is English,which I know from his accent.他是英国人，那是我通过他的口音知道的。I heard a terrible noise,which brought my heart into my mouth.我听到了一个可怕的声音，这使我非常害怕。即时演练1 用适当的关系词填空(1)Holly,_ is from Australia,has a good command of Chinese.(2)She and her family bicycle to work,_
7、 helps them keep fit.(3)His parents wouldnt marry her to anyone _ family was poor.(4)Mr.Green said that Suzhou was the first city _ he had visited in China.(5)This was the reason _ he took apart the machine.whowhichwhosethatwhy二、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的用法比较1形式不同限制性定语从句和主句之间没有逗号；非限制性定语从句必须用逗号与主句隔开。Here is t
8、he man who has been punished by the boss.这就是那个被老板惩罚的人。(限制性定语从句)The project,which lasted three years,cost no less than$1 billion.这个工程历时三年，耗资多达十亿美元。(非限制性定语从句)2先行词不同限制性定语从句的先行词只能是一个名词或代词，而非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是一个词，也可以是整个主句。试比较：This is the best novel that I have ever read.这是我曾经看过的最好的小说。(限制性定语从句，先行词是novel)The n
9、ovel,which I read last night,is very interesting.我昨天晚上看过那部小说了，它非常有意思。(非限制性定语从句，先行词为novel)The novel is very interesting,which makes me very excited.那部小说很有意思，这让我很兴奋。(非限制性定语从句，which指代前面整句话的内容)3关系词的使用情况不同(1)that,why不可用于引导非限制性定语从句，指物时要用which代替that,for which代替why。Most people didnt vote for him,which disap
10、pointed him.大多数人没有投票支持他，这使他感到失望。I have told them the reason,for which I changed my mind.我已经告诉了他们我改变主意的原因。(2)关系代词替代情况不同关系代词whom在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可用who代替，但在非限制性定语从句中作宾语时不可用who代替。This is the man(whom/who/that)we are talking about.这就是我们正在谈论的那个人。(限制性定语从句)The old man have three sons,whom he is proud of.这位老人有三个
11、引以为豪的儿子。(非限制性定语从句)在限制性定语从句中，先行词指人时可以用that引导，但在非限制性定语从句中先行词指人时，关系代词只能用who或whom。She has a younger brother,who is an English teacher.她有一个弟弟，他是一名英语老师。(3)关系代词省略情况不同关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可省略，而非限制性定语从句的所有关系代词均不可省略。This is a good film(which/that)I saw a few days ago.这是我几天前看过的一部好影片。(限制性定语从句)The summer holiday,whi
12、ch were looking forward to,is drawing near.我们盼望的暑假就要来了。(非限制性定语从句)(4)非限制性定语从句由“介词关系代词”引导时，其中的关系代词用which或whom。Seven people were caught in the big fire that broke out on Friday,four of whom(of whom four)were badly injured.七人被困在星期五发生的大火里，其中四人严重受伤。I have bought two pens,both of which write well.我买了两只钢笔，写
13、起来都好用。即时演练2 补全句子(1)Her sister,_,will go abroad next year.她的姐姐教我们英语，明年将出国。(2)Here is Mr.White,_ a long time.这就是怀特先生，你等了很久的人。(3)She has found the necklace _.她找到了那条两周前丢失的项链。(4)They went to London,_.他们去了伦敦，在那儿待了6个月的时间。who teaches us Englishwhom youve been waiting for(that)she lost two weeks agowhere the
14、y lived for six months.单句语法填空1Mr.Green said that Suzhou was the first city _ he had visited in China.2We will put off the picnic in the park until next week,_ the weather may be better.3_ is known to us all,the rare vase dates back to the Ming Dynasty.4Tom is a warm-hearted person,_ is willing to he
15、lp others.5He bought me a valuable bike,_ is worth more than 1,000 yuan.thatwhenAswhowhich6The old man has two daughters,both of _ work as doctors.7I still remember the summer holiday _ we made a journey to Beijing.8The famous singer,_ is from Britain,has a number of devoted fans in China.9We have g
16、ot to the stage _ the Internet plays an important part in our daily life.10The way _ he worked out the problem is worth considering.11The weather turned out to be very cold,_ was more than we could expect.whomwhenwhowherethat/in whichwhich12I can remember the days _ we spent in the countryside toget
17、her.13He broke the valuable vase,_ made his mother upset.14There are a lot of islands in China,the largest of _is Taiwan.15This was the reason _ he took apart the machine.16This is the room _ my grandma used to live.17This is the room _ my grandma used to live in.that/whichwhichwhichwhywherethat/whi
18、ch18These apple trees _ I planted three years ago,have not borne any fruit.19Today is Stephen Hawkings 70th birthday,_ is one of the most famous scientists in the world.20_ we had expected,the football team won the game again.whichwhoAs.语法与写作1_,China is a great country with a long history.众所周知，中国是一个
19、有着悠久历史的伟大国家。2We need to get along well with classmates,_ _ whatever we have in common.我们需要与同学相处得很好，我们可以与他们分享我们有共同之处。3Between the lectures is a 20 minutes break,_.我们可以在课间休息20分钟，这时学生们可以放松。As is known to uswith whom we can sharewhen the students can get relaxed4I dont know the reason _.我不知道为什么他没有像往常一样来
20、上学。5The school shop,_,is closed for the holidays.顾客主要是学生的学校商店关门了。why he didnt come to school as usualwhose customers are mainly students.语法填空The grass is always greener on the other side of the fence.Thats one of the best-known old 1._(say)in English.It means other places often look better and more
21、interesting than the place 2._ we live.1答案与解析：sayings 考查名词。“one of名词复数”表示“中的一个”，saying作可数名词意为“谚语，格言”。2答案与解析：where 考查关系副词。关系副词where引导定语从句，修饰先行词the place。Troubles in life are sure 3._(come)if we always think in that way.We will not be able to see the goodness of our own lives,4._(believe)that we have
22、nothing good to work with.3答案与解析：to come 考查非谓语动词。be sure to do sth.意为“一定会做某事”。4答案与解析：believing 考查非谓语动词。we和believe是逻辑上的主动关系，因此用现在分词作状语。Well lose focus,self-confidence,and even hope.We might feel sad and anxious,feeling that what we have cannot ever be enough.5._(bad)still,it leads us to turn away fro
23、m the main task of life to make 6._ most of what we have.5答案与解析：Worse 考查副词比较级。前面列举了一些麻烦，后面有比前面更糟糕的问题，所以用 worse still，意为“更糟糕的是”，修饰整个句子。6答案与解析：the 考查冠词。make the most of.意为“充分利用”，最高级前面用定冠词the。In fact,the grass is not always greener on the other side of the fence.It only 7._(appear)that way.The grass is
24、 the greenest where it 8._(water)7答案与解析：appears 考查动词时态。全文在陈述客观事实，所以用一般现在时；主语是it，故用appears。8答案与解析：is watered 考查动词语态。前面的it指代grass，它与water之间是被动关系，故用被动语态。When you cross over fences,carry water 9._ you and take good care of the grass.The way to happiness is 10._(actual)quite simple;the secret is to learn to be satisfied with what you have and not want what you dont have.9答案与解析：with 考查介词。此处意思是随身带上，故用介词with。10答案与解析：actually 考查副词。修饰形容词simple，因此用actual的副词形式。