1、基础知识自测一、单词拼写1._ n.电梯,升降机2._ n.汽油3._ n.航海；航行4._ n.公寓5._ n.卡车lorry elevatorpetrol/gasvoyageapartment6._ n.本身;身份7._ n.口音;重音8._ n.街区;块9._ n.用法;惯用法10._ n.词汇(表)vocabulary identityaccentblockusage11._ vt.辨认出；承认12._ n.&vt.命令；掌握13._ n.&vt.请求；要求14._ adj.本地的 n.本地人15._ adv.直接 adj.笔直的straightrecognizecommandrequ
2、estnative1._ adj.实在的；真实的_ adv.实际上；事实上2._ n.办公室_ adj.官方的；正式的_ n.军官二、单词拓展(A)单词派生officer actualactuallyofficeofficial3._ adj.流利的；流畅的_ adv.流利地；流畅地_ n.流利；流畅4._ adj.频繁的；常见的_ adv.常常地；频繁地_ n.频繁；频率frequency fluentfluentlyfluencyfrequentfrequently5._ v.表示;表达_ n.词语;表示;表达6._ n.东方_ adj.东方的;东部的_ adv.向东eastward(s)
3、expressexpressioneasteastern1.The government _ gave an _ statement that the officer would be put into prison.(office)(B)灵活运用officialofficial第一个用名词做主语，表示“政府官员”；第二个用形容词作定语，表示“官方的”。2.Mr.Li,who speaks English _,says that _ develops gradually over time and practice.(fluent)fluentlyfluency第一个副词修饰动词speaks，
4、作状语；第二个名词作主语。3.His facial _ suggest that hes quite satisfied with the result and he always _ things in this way.(express)expressionsexpresses第一个名词作主语，表示“表情”；第二个动词作谓语，意为“表达”，主语是第三人称单数。4.He called himself Chris but his _ name is John._he has never met Chris.(actual)5.The group of monks from the _ are
5、heading back _.(east)第一个是形容词作定语,修饰后面的name;第二个是副词作状语。actualActuallyeasteastward(s)第一个名词作介词的宾语;第二个副词“朝东方”。1._ 因为;由于2._ 走近;上来;提出3._ 与交流4._ 利用；使用三、短语翻译make use of because ofcome upcommunicate with5._ 扮演角色;参与6._以为基础7._现在；目前8._例如;像这种的such as play a part(in)be based onat present9._ 比以往任何时候10._信不信由你11._ 的数量
6、12._ 与不同be different fromthan ever beforebelieve it or notthe number of四、语篇填空So why has English changed over time?1 _(actual)all languages change and develop when cultures meet and communicate with each other.At first the English 2 _(speak)in England between about AD 450 and 1150 was very different
7、from the English spoken today.It was based more 3 _ German than the English we speak at present.Actually spoken on Then gradually between about AD 800 and 1150,English 4 _(become)less like German because those 5 _ ruled England spoke first Danish and later French.These new 6 _(settle)enriched the En
8、glish language and especially 7 _(it)vocabulary.became who settlers its So by the 1600s Shakespeare was able to make use of a 8 _(wide)vocabulary than ever before.In 1620 some British settlers moved to America.Later in the 18th century some British people 9 _(take)to Australia too.English began to b
9、e spoken in both 10 _(country).wider were taken countries 1.Actually 修饰全句，作状语，用副词，表示“实际上”。2.spoken 因the English与speak有被动关系，故用过去分词短语作定语，意为“公元450年到1151年之间英国所讲的”那种英语。3.on 因be based on是固定词组。4.became 在公元800年到1150年之间，是过去时间，用一般过去时。5.who 当those指人时，只能用who引导定语从句。6.settlers 作主语，用名词，表示“殖民者”，又有these修饰，故填settlers
10、。7.its 指“英语这门语言的”词汇。8.wider 由后面的than可知，用比较级。9.were taken 因take后没有宾语，可想到用被动语态，表示“被带到”。10.countries 两个国家，要用复数。五、语段改错English now is also spoken as a foreign andsecond language in South Asia.For example,India has a very large number of fluently English speakers so Britain ruled India from 1765 to 1947.D
11、uring that time English becomethe language for government and education.fluentbecausebecameorEnglish is also spoken in Singapore and Malaysia and country in Africa such as South Africa.Todaythe number of people learning English in China are increasing rapid.In a fact,China may have thelargest number
12、 of English learner.Will Chinese English develop own identity?Only time will tell.itscountriesrapidlylearners is1.and or 表示选择，意为“或者”。2.fluently fluent 作定语，修饰English speakers，用形容词。3.so because 英国统治印度是印度讲英语的人多的原因，引导原因状语从句用because。4.become became 因During that time就是from 1765 to 1947，当然就是过去时间了，用一般过去时。5.
13、country countries 指在非洲的国家，非洲不止一个国家，故用复数。6.are is 因the number of(的数量)作主语，谓语动词用单数。比较：a number of作主语，谓语动词就要用复数。7.rapid rapidly 作状语，修饰谓语，意为“迅速增加”，用副词。8.去掉fact前的a 因为in fact(=in effect,in reality,actually事实上，实际上)是固定词组。9.learner learners 学英语的人最多，可见不止一个，多于一个就要用复数。10.在own前加its 因own的前面习惯上要有物主代词，指“中式英语的”，故用its
14、。重点词汇讲练1.base n.底部；基础vt.以为基础根据例句 It was based more on German than the English we speak at present.它(当时的英语)比现代英语更多地是以德语为基础。sth be based on=base sth.on(某事物)以为基础根据on the basis of在的基础上;根据搭配翻译 我们的意见应该以事实为依据。We should base our opinions on facts./Our opinions should be based on mand n.&vt.命令；指令；掌握例句 The gu
15、ard commanded the poor old man to show his identity card.(=The guard commanded that the poor old man(should)show his identity card)卫兵命令这个可怜的老人出示他的身份证。command sb.to do sth.命令某人做某事command that sb.(should)do命令某人做某事have a good command of精通搭配联想 像command一样，其后的名词性从句的谓语用“(should)+动词原形”的词还有：一个“坚持(insist)”；两道
16、“命令(order，command)”；三点“建议(suggest，advise,propose)”；四项“要求(demand，ask，require，request)”。运用 填入一个适当的词或用所给词的适当形式填空。He commanded that the girl _ _(leave)at once.Employees in this company need to have a good command _English.ofshouldleave/leave3.request v.&n.请求；要求例句 The teacher requested the students to le
17、ave the classroom as quickly as possible.老师要求学生尽快离开教室。request sb.to do sth.要求某人做某事request that sb.(should)do要求某人做某事搭配翻译 他要求我马上打扫教室。He requested me to/He requested that I(should)sweep the classroom at once.4.recognize vt.认出(know sb.sth.again)；承认(admit)；公认(accept)例句 Although many Americans move a lot，
18、they still recognize and understand each others dialects.虽然许多美国人经常搬迁，但是他们仍然能够辨认、理解彼此的方言。搭配 recognizeasto be 承认认为是 她变得我简直认不出来了。She had changed so much_.他被认为是我校最优秀的足球运动员。运用 据汉语意思完成英文句子。He is recognized as/to be the best football player in our school.that I couldhardly recognize her原句Later in the next
19、century,people from England made voyages to conquer other parts of the world and because ofthat,English began to be spoken in many other countries.后来,在17世纪英国人开始航海征服了世界其它地区。因为这样,许多别的国家开始说英语了。(B1P9)5.because of 因为；由于例句 We had to walk home because ofmissing the bus.由于错过了公车，我们不得不步行回家。比较 because of是短语介词，
20、后接名词、代词、动名词或what引导的名词性从句；而because是连词，后接从句。同义 有thanks to，owing to，due to,as a result of等。翻译 因下大雨，他没来上学。He was absent from school because it rained heavily/because of the heavy rain.原句 English is also spoken in Singapore and Malaysia and countries in Africa such as South Africa.在新加坡、马来西亚、和非洲其它国家,比如南非,
21、人们也说英语。(B1P10)6.such as例如；像；诸如例句 I visited several big cities such as New York，Chicago，and Boston.我参观过几个大城市，例如纽约、芝加哥和波士顿。such as短语介词，只能放在名词前，可举其中几个例子。for example 副词词组，可放句首、句中或句末，其前后常有标点，一般只列举同类中的一两个例子，以解释你的意思或支撑某个观点。例子可以是一个名词、一个句子、一件事、一个故事等。比较运用 用such as或for example填空。I like drinks _tea and coffee.M
22、any countries,_,Maxico and Japan,have a lot of earthquakes.for examplesuch as7.make(good/full)use of(好好充分)利用；使用例句 You ought to make good use of any opportunity to practice English.你应该充分利用好一切机会来练习英语。原句So by the 1600s Shakespeare was able to make use of a wider vocabulary than ever before.所以到17世纪,莎士比亚
23、所用的词汇比以前任何时候都广泛。(B1P10)运用 We should try to _(利用)every chance we have to speak English.make use of8.play a part/role in 扮演角色，充当作用例句 Geography also plays a part in making dialects.地理位置对方言的产生也有影响。运用 手机在我们的生活中起着重要的作用。Mobile phones _.are playing a very importantpart in our life写作句型仿写原句This is because in
24、the early days of radio,those who reported the news were expected to speak excellent English.这是因为在早期的电台节目里,人们期望新闻播音员所说的英语是最好的英语。(B1P13)1.ThisIt is because(+原因)这是因为 例句 He didnt pass the college entrance examination.This is mainly because he didnt make good use of his time in studying.他高考没通过，主要是因为他在学习
25、上没有利用好时间。比较 ThisThat is why(+结果)这就是的原因。仿写 根据汉语意思完成英文句子。他没出席会议的原因是因为他突然病了。He was absent from the meeting，and this was _.李老师对我们很友好，这就是我们喜欢他的理由。Mr.Li is very kind to us and that is why we love him.because he fell ill suddenly2.there is no such thing as+名词 没有像这样的事例句 Believe it or not，there is no such th
26、ing as standard English.信不信由你，(世界上)没有什么标准英语。仿写 根据汉语意思完成英文句子。世上没有免费的午餐这种事儿。There is no such thing as a free lunch in the world.没有坏天气这回事，不一样的天空不一样的美丽。_；every sky has its beauty.There is no such thing as bad weather3.(at)firstthenfinally 起初然后最后例句 At first the English spoken at that time was very differ
27、ent from the English spoken today.Then gradually between about AD 800 and 1150，English became less like German Finally by the 19th century the language was settled.起初，人们所说的英语跟现在所说的英语就很不一样。然后，渐渐地，大约在公元800年到1150年期间，英语不那么像德语了最后，到19世纪，英语才真正定形。说明 主要用于描述事物发展的经过，或记叙事情发生的过程。仿写 根据汉语意思完成英文句子。我手上有一张手写的指令。起初，我没
28、有认出这是谁的笔迹，然后我才意识到这一定是谁的笔迹了。最后我完全明白了，我同她至少共事过一年。I had in my hand a sheet of paper with handwritten instructions on it._ _ the handwriting，and _ whose it must be._I became aware of the fact that I had been working with this colleague _.for at least a year At first,I did notrecognizethen I realizedFina
29、lly难句结构分析原句 Then gradually between about AD 800 and 1150，English became less like German because those who ruled England spoke first Danish and later French.然后，渐渐地，大约在公元800年到150年期间，英语不那么像德语了，因为那时的英国统治者起初讲丹麦语后来讲法语。(P10 B1)分析 主句的主干是_，主干前是时间状语，主干后because引导一个原因状语从句；在这个原因状语从句中，who ruled England是一个_ 从句，修饰those，注意在表示人的those后引导定语从句，只能用who，不用that。顺便说说，less是降级比较，意为“较少，不及”，在句中修饰介词短语like German(像德语)，其后省略了than before。English became lesslike German(主系表结构)定语Thank You!
