1、 语法填空 Exercise OneVincent van Gogh (1853-1890), perhaps the most famous artist in the world, _1_(perceive) by many as the “mad” artist. His artistic genius is often overshadowed by those _2_see his paintings as only visual expressions of his troubled mind. While _3_ part this may be true, in reality
2、 his innovative and unique artistic style was of enormous importance to a host of artists who followed in his wake. Even when _4_ (open) influenced by his predecessors or contemporaries (前辈或同辈), his art remained identifiably his own, developing a distinctive style that failed to be accepted by the a
3、rt-buying public in his own time. The career of Vincent van Gogh as a painter was short, but his extraordinary boldness of his technique created masterpieces that exercise a profound influence on the art of the _5_(twenty)century.Although the artists first formal job after leaving school was art-rel
4、ated, he did not actually begin painting _6_ years later. At 16, Vincent van Gogh entered an apprenticeship (学徒身份) at his uncles branch of Goupil & Cie, _7_ Paris-based art dealership. The position involved travel and certainly_8_ (expose )to the contemporary art of his day, _9_ van Gogh would move
5、on to _10_(religion) work and a bookseller before producing the first Van Gogh painting.1. is perceived 2.who 3.in 4.openly 5. twentieth 6.until 7.a 8. Exposure 9.but 10 religious Exercise TwoHis earliest works, _1_(complete )from 1881 through 1883, _2_(reflect) a new-comers attention to detail as w
6、ell _3_ hints of the new genius that would fully emerge in his later paintings. _4_his sketches and watercolor drawings may, _5_first glance, seem two-dimensional and amateurish, they are fascinating in _6_( term) of their testament to the van Goghs early studies in Realism.Vincent van Gogh_7_( prod
7、uce) his first drawings while staying at his parents home in Etten, the Netherlands, schooled_8_ (chiefly) by books on artistic technique. The artist restricted his first drawings to a black and white palette (调色板), _9_ (believe) mastery of this discipline to be_10_( essential) before attempting wor
8、ks in color.1. completed 2.reflect 3.as 4.Although 5.at 6. terms 7. produced 8.chiefly 9.believing 10. Essential Exercise Three Fritillaria plants can be easily_1_（ spot）. The usually bright green plants often stand _2_amid the rocks at the top of the Himalayan and Hengduan mountains in southwestern
9、 China easy pickings for traditional Chinese medicine herbalists, _3_ve ground the bulbs (鳞茎) of Fritillaria into a cough-treating powder for more than 2, 000 years. The demand _4_ the bulbs is intense, since about 3,500 of them are needed to produce one kilogram of the powder, worth about $480.But
10、some Fritillaria are remarkably difficult _5_(find), with leaves and stems that are barely distinguishable from the gray or brown rocky background. Surprisingly, the plants camouflage (伪装) seems to have evolved in response _6_ people.In wide open areas with little cover, like mountaintops, _7_ (blen
11、d)in can help the plants avoid hungry herbivores, says Yang Niu, _8_botanist at the Kunming Institute of Botany in China. But after five years of studying camouflage in Fritillaria, he did not spot any animals feeding _9_the plants. So Niu, his colleague Hang Sun and sensory ecologist Martin Stevens
12、 of the University of Exeter in England decided to see _10_humans might be driving the evolution of the plants camouflage.1. spotted 2.alone 3.who 4.for 5.to find 6.to 7.blending 8.a 9.on 10 if Exercise FourSeveral years ago, Jason Box, _1_ scientist from Ohio, flew 31 giant rolls of white plastic t
13、o a glacier (冰川) in Greenland. He and his team spread them _2_10,000 feet of ice, then left. His idea was that the white blanket would reflect back the rays of the sun, _3_(keep) the ice cool below. When he came back to check the results, he found it worked. Exposed ice had melted faster than covere
14、d ice. He had not only saved two feet of glacier in a short time. No coal plants were shut down, no jobs were lost, and nobody was taxed or fired. Just the sort of fix were looking for.“Thank you, but no thank you.” says Ralph King, a climate scientist. He told Grey Childs. author and commentator, _
15、4_ people think technology can save the planet, “but there are other things we need to deal with, like consumption. They burned $50,000 just for the helicopter” to bring the plastic to the glacier. This experiment, quote-unquote, _5_(give) people false hope that climate change can be fixed without c
16、hanging human behavior. It cant. Technology wont give us a free ride.Individuals respond to climate change differently. Climatologist Kelly Smith is hardly alone in her _6_（predict） that someday soon we wont be climate victims, we will be climate Choosers. More scientists agree with her that _7_ the
17、 human race survives. The engineers will get smarter, the tools will get better, _8_ one day we will control the climate. but that then? “Just the mention of us controlling the climate sent a small shiver down my back, Grey writes.” “Something sounded wrong about stopping ice by _9_（we）own will,” he
18、 says.Me? I like it better _10_ the earth takes care of itself, I guess one day we will have to run the place, but for the moment, sitting at my desk, looking out at the trees bending wildly and the wind howling, Im happy not to be in charge.1.a 2.across 3.keeping 4.that 5.gives 6.prediction 7.if 8
19、and 9.our 10.when Exercise Five A study of 8 different experiments showed that our brains tend _1_prefer addition rather than subtraction when it comes to finding solutionsin many cases, it seems we just dont consider the strategy of taking something away at all.The researchers found that this _2_（p
20、refer） for adding was noticeable in three situations in particular: when people were under higher cognitive (认知的) load, _3_ there was less time to consider the other options, and when volunteers didnt get a specific reminder that subtracting was an option. In one of the experiments, participants wer
21、e asked to improve a Lego structure so that it was able to take_4_ (much)weight. Half the volunteers were reminded that they could take away bricks as well as add them, and half werent. In the group that got the reminder, 61 percent solved the problem by taking away a brick_5_ was a much faster and
22、more efficient way of making the structure stable. In the group that didnt get the reminder, only 41 percent went for the removing bricks approach.“Additive ideas come to mind quickly and easily, _6_ subtractive ideas require more cognitive effort,” says psychologist Benjamin Converse, from the Univ
23、ersity of Virginia. “Because people are often moving fast and working with the first ideas that come to mind, they end up _7_(accept)additive solutions without considering subtraction at all.”The researchers have a few ideas about what might be going on. Our brains might find additive changes easier
24、 _8_(process)perhaps, or we might be associating adding with ideas of something thats bigger and therefore better in our subconscious. There might also be associations in our minds with the current status being something that needs to be maintained as much as possibleand _9_ （take）something away is
25、arguably more destructive to the current status than adding something new.The researchers say their work is important in a much broader sense: _10_ institutions looking to streamline (简化), for example, and even for the human race looking for ways to better manage the planets resources.1. to 2.prefer
26、ence 3.when 4.more 5.which 6.but 7.accepting 8.to process 9.taking 10.for Exercise Six Imagine that one day you live in a _1_(high) immersive (身临其境) virtual world. You can go to a virtual concert, take a trip online, view or create artworks and try on or buy digital clothing. Amid a pandemic like CO
27、VID-19, instead _2_ seeing teachers and classmates on a video call screen, you could join them in a virtual classroom. This may help you understand the concept, metaverse.The term metaverse refers to a _3_(share)virtual 3D world in which people can access via the Internet. Currently, most virtual sp
28、aces look more like the inside of a video game _4_real life. However, metaverses made the digital spaces more realistic by the use of virtual reality (VR) or augmented reality (AR, 增强现实).Metaverse was first used in Neal Stephensons novel Snow Crash in 1992. The novel is about Hiro, a pizza _5_ (deli
29、ver)man by day and a VR superhero by night _6_lives in an online universe called The Metaverse. “He is in a computer-generated universe that his computer is drawing onto his glasses and pulling _7_ his earphones,” the novel says of the city that everyone pops into in VR. The idea rings in many other
30、 works, for example, in Ready Player One directed by Steven Spielberg.In recent years, metaverse has become _8_ (late) popular word to capture the tech industrys imagination so much that one of the best-known Internet platforms is renamed to embrace the futuristic idea-Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg r
31、ecently announced that he changed his companys name to Meta.Tech companies are also dedicated to _9_(explore) metaverse-related products. Facebook has launched meeting software for companies, called Horizon Workrooms, to use with VR headsets. The headsets cost $300 or more, _10_ (put) the metaverses
32、 most cutting-edge (尖端的) experiences out of reach for many. For users who can afford it, they can enter the virtual worlds created by different companies. Fans of metaverse see it as the next stage in the development of the Internet.1. highly 2.of 3.shared 4.than 5.delivery 6. who 7.into 8.the latest 9.exploring 10.putting 6学科网（北京）股份有限公司
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