1、基础知识自测一、单词识记1._ n.出生地;故乡2._ n.短语;词组;惯用语3._ n.作者;作家4._ n.现场;场面;景色5._ n.人行道pavement birthplacephraseauthorscene6._ n.大使馆7._ n.信封8._ n.甜点;点心9._ n.数量10._ n.礼貌;举止;方式manner embassyenvelopedessertamount11._ vi.漫游；漫步；漂泊12._ v.寻找；探索；寻求13._ vi.&n.鞠躬；弯腰14._ vt.发现 n.斑点；地点15._ vi.尖叫 n.尖叫声scream wanderseekbowspot
2、二、单词拓展(A)单词派生1._ n.小说 adj.新奇的；异常的_ n.小说家2._ n.奇遇;冒险_ adj.爱冒险的;充满危险的_ n.冒险家；投机分子adventurernovelnovelistadventureadventurous3._ v.许可 n.通行证;执照_ n.许可；允许4._ n.耐性；耐心_ adj.有耐心的_ adj.没耐心的_ adv.耐心地patientlypermitpermissionpatiencepatientimpatient5._ adj.难以置信的_ adj.可以相信的_ adv.难以置信地unbelievablebelievableunbeli
3、evably6._ adj.粗鲁的；无礼的_ adv.粗鲁地_ n.粗鲁；无礼ruderudelyrudeness(B)灵活运用1.To those more cautious persons,travelling in the desert might seem quite_(adventure).作表语用形容词adventurous2.Mike used to swim in the river without his parents _ (permit).作介词宾语用名词permission3._(believe),she could remember 200 English words
4、.副词作状语,从后面的内容来看需要用否定意义的副词。4.Mark Twain,a well-known _(novel),was born in Florida and brought up in Hannibal.名词,与前面的.Mark Twain 是同位语。novelistUnbelievably5.It is very important to teach their children how to deal with others kindness and _(rude).在物主代词后用名词,与kindness并列。rudeness1._ 冒险2._ 打赌3._ 盯着看；凝视4._
5、导致；做出解释三、短语翻译account for take a chancemake a betstare at5._ 抚养;培养;教育;提出6._ 衣衫褴褛7._ 关于；至于8._ 与此相反;正相反on the contrary bring upin ragsas for9._ 偶然;无意中;不小心10._ 前进;可以;往下说11._ 以出名12._ 欠债in debtby accidentgo aheadbe famous/known for四、课文回顾Born in Florida,Mark Twain,an American renowned writer and speaker,sp
6、ent his boyhood in Hannibal,Missouri，along the Mississippi River,three of 1_ most famous books describe people on this great river.As this author loved the river so much that even 2_ pen name comes from the river.As we know,“Twain”is 3_ old word for“two”.So,to“mark twain,”that is to say,the water is
7、 equal 4_ two fathoms(英寻)deep.whose his an to Being poor，Twain dropped school at the age of twelve 5_(look)for work.Over the next two decades he worked as a printer，a riverboat pilot，a soldier，a gold miner，a businessman and a newspaper reporter to support the family.to look It was said that his firs
8、t 6_(success)story was about a jumping frog contest.And his works became extremely famous for their descriptions of common people and the way they talked,especially 7_ his humor.successful for As a result,he became very rich from his works,8_ the last years of his life 9 _(fill)with sad events,the d
9、eaths of his wife and children,the loneliness and the loss of much money.For this，his writings lost most of their humor and became sad 10 _ him.Yet he is still regarded as one of the best-known writers in the modern world.but was filled like 五、语段改错It is the summer in 1903.Two old and wealthbrothers,
10、Roderick and Oliver,had made a bet.Oliver believes that with million pound bank note a man could survive a month in London.Her brother Roderick doubts about it.ofwealthyhaveaHisAt this moment,they see a pennilessly young man wandered on the pavement outside their house.It is Henry Adams,a American b
11、usinessman,who is lost in London and does not know how he should do.whatpennilesswanderingan1.in of 指1930年的夏天，用of表示所有格。2.wealth wealthy 在名词brothers前作定语，用形容词。3.had have 由上下文可知，用现在时不用过去时。4.在with后加a 单数可数名词note要有限定词，表示有“一张”支票，故加a。5.Her His 上文提到两兄弟，指代不一致。6.删除doubts后的about 因为doubt本身是及物动词，不用介词。7.pennilessl
12、y penniless 在名词前作定语，要用形容词。8.wandered wandering 由see sb.doing sth.可知。9.a an 表示“一位”商人，在American前应用an。10.how what 作do的宾语，要用连接代词what引导宾语从句。重点词汇讲练1.permit vt.允许，许可例句 Permit me to lead the way,sir.先生，请让我来带路吧。派生 permission n.允许；许可搭配 根据汉语意思补全下列短语。permit _ 允许某人做某事 permit _ 允许做某事 ask for _ 请求许可sb.to do sth.do
13、ing sth.permission联想 像permit一样，用不定式to do sth.作宾语补足语和用doing sth.作宾语的及物动词还有 allow(允许)，forbid(禁止)，advise(建议)，recommend(推荐)等。运用 用所给动词的适当形式填空。You are not permitted _(smoke)here.I advise you not_(drink)too much.to drink to smoke We forbid_(shout)loudly in the office.The teacher encouraged me _(study)abroa
14、d.to studyshouting2.stare vi.凝视；盯着看(look at sb.or sth.for a long time)例句 His eyes stare at what is left of the brothers dinner on table.他的眼睛盯着残羹剩菜。运用 It is not polite to _(盯着别人).stare at others联想 fix ones eye on/upon 专注于;凝视3.spot vt.发现；认出 n.地点例句 What he did hasnt been spotted by the police.警察还没有发现他所
15、干的事。同义 discover,recognize,pick out搭配spot sb.doing sth.注意到;发现某人在做on the spot 当场；立即运用 填入一个适当的词或所给词的适当形式。Xiao Ming_(spot)cheating in the exam yesterday.The police found a bloody handkerchief _ the spot by the river.onwas spotted原句 I went to the American embassy toseek help,but.我去美国大使馆求助,但是(B3P18)4.seek
16、 vt.寻找;探索(try to find or obtain)(seek,sought,sought)例句 Most men seek wealth;all men seek happiness.多数人追逐财富,人人寻求幸福。seek(=attempt)to do sth.试图去做seek for/after 寻求，搜索(try to find)搭配5.bring up 抚养;教育;提及原句 He was brought up in Hannibal,Missouri,along the Mississippi River.他在密西西比河边的密苏里州的汉尼拔长大。(B3 P17)例句If y
17、ou were brought upin the countryside,you should have had a good knowledge of agriculture.如果你在农村长大,你一定懂得许多农业知识。At the meeting he brought up the failed plan again last night.(_)My parents brought me up to respect others.(_)The poor girl was brought up by her grandparents.(_)提及那失败的计划教育我将某人养育成人运用例句 The
18、policeman passed by the station by accident.那个警察碰巧经过车站。6.by accident(=by chance)偶然地;意外地原句 As a matter of fact,I landed in Britain by accident.事实上,我在英国上岸是偶然的。(B3 P18)运用 我昨天在街上偶然遇见了我的老师。I _ in the street yesterday.met my teacher by chance/accident 7.account for 导致，产生；对解释说明原句 The fact is that I earned
19、my passage by working as an unpaid hand,which accounts for my appearance.事实上我靠做义工来顶替船费,这就是我衣冠不整的原因了。(B3 P18)例句 Only laziness could account forhis poor school achievement because nobody is cleverer than him in his class.他学习成绩差，只有懒惰才解释得清楚，因为在他那个班，没有人比他更聪明。运用 完成下列句子。昨天发生在印度的地震使500人丧生。The earthquake whi
20、ch happened in India yesterday _ 500 deaths.他无法说清楚为什么缺课。He could not _ from school.accounted foraccount for his absence8.on the contrary与此相反；正相反例句You think you are clever;on the contrary,you are very foolish.你自以为很聪明,相反地,我确信你很傻。运用 To modernize the school doesnt mean that we have to destroy its past._
21、(恰恰相反,我们应保护这件文物).On the contrary,we should protectthis cultural relic9.take a chance冒险(=take chances)例句 Well，well have to take a chance.哦，我们得冒风险。运用 冒险给我们很大的快乐。_ gives us too much pleasure.Taking chances12.as for关于；至于例句 You must come whenever you want and have whatever you like.Just having you sit he
22、re is a great honour!As for the bill,sir,please forget it.你什么时候想来就来，想吃什么就吃什么。你就是在这儿坐一下也是我们莫大的荣幸！至于账单嘛，先生，请把它忘了吧。运用 根据汉语提示完成英文句子。The survey shows that half of the girls choose film and TV stars as their idols,while 48%of the boys favor sports stars._(至于我本人，爱迪生是我的偶像，因为他的发明极大的改变了我们的生活).As for myself,Th
23、omas Edison is my idol,because his inventions have greatly changed our life写作句型仿写1.The fact is that.,which accounts for.事实上是,这说明 原句 The fact is that I earned my passage by working as an unpaid hand,which accounts for my appearance.事实上我靠做义工来顶替船费,这就是我衣冠不整的原因了。(B3 P18)例句 The fact is that he had no mone
24、y with him,which accounted for his hunger.事实是他身上没有钱,这就说明了他饿的原因了。仿写 事实上班上人人都及格了，这说明每位同学都很努力。_ none failed in the exam _，which accounted for everyonesThe fact is thathard work原句 Thats why weve given you the letter.这就是为什么我们给你这封信的原因。(B3 P18)2 That is why.(引出结果)那就是的原因例句 That is why he broke your cup the
25、day before yesterday.这就是他为什么前天打烂你的杯子。仿写用why或because填空。My classmate,Rose,eats a lot every day.That is _ she is always putting on weight.比较 Thats because.(引出原因)这是因为why My classmate,Rose,is always putting on weight.That is _ she eats a lot every day.because原句It is well-known that many Americans like to
26、 eat a lot.众所周知,很多美国人都喜欢吃很多。(B3 P22)3.It is well-known that.众所周知例句 It is well-known that China is a large country in the world.众所周知，中国是世界上的大国。同义 As is well-known，众所周知,台湾岛是中国的一部分。It is well-known that Taiwan Island is part of China.As is well-known,Tai Wang Island is part of China.仿写 用两种方式翻译句子。原句 I d
27、id hear that the Bank of England had issued two notes in this amount.我确实听说过英格兰银行发过这么大数额的纸币。(B3 P22)4.sb did do sth.某人确实做过某事例句 Mike did receive a letter from America yesterday.迈克确实昨天收到一封从美国的来信。说明 在动词前加do，does，did强调的是谓语，与it iswas thatwho强调句型构成互补关系。仿写 把下列句子改为强调句型,强调谓语。My sister broke a valuable vase ye
28、sterday.My sister _ a valuable vase yesterday.did break We visit the Great Wall every year.We _ the Great Wall every year.The old man goes to the park to do exercise every day.The old man _to the park to do exercise every day.does godo visit难句结构分析原句 It is Henry Adams,an American businessman,who is lost in London and does not know what he should do.他叫亨利?亚当斯，一个美国商人，在伦敦迷了路，不知道该怎么办。(P17 B3)分析 本句主语就是It is Henry Adams；其后的an American businessman是表语Henry Adams的_语；who引导的是_从句；is lost in London与does not know是该从句的并列谓语，what he should do是know的_ 从句。宾语同位定语Thank You!