1、话题21 科普知识基础知识自测一、单词识记1._ n.宇宙;世界2._ n.受害者3._ n.附近;邻近4._ adj.严重的,剧烈的5._ n.特征;特性characteristic universevictimneighborhoodsevere6._ vt.照顾；出席；参加7._ vt.吸收；吸引；使专心8._ vt.预见；预知9._ adj.积极的；肯定的10._ vt.打败；战胜 n.失败defeat attendabsorbforeseepositive11._ n.治愈 vt.治愈12._ n.柄；把手vt.处理13._ vt.怀疑 n.嫌疑犯14._ n.挑战 vt.挑战15.
2、_ adj.熟练的 n.专家expertcurehandlesuspectchallenge二、单词拓展(A)单词派生1._ n.科学_ n.科学家_ adj.科学的2._ vt.分析_ n.分析analysissciencescientistscientificanalyse3._ vt.污染；弄脏_ adj.受污染的_ n.污染pollutepollutedpollution4._ vt.命令；指示；教导_ n.指示；教导instructinstruction5._ vt.结束_ n.结束;结论6._ n.小心;谨慎_ adj.小心的;谨慎的cautious concludeconclus
3、ioncaution(B)灵活运用1.He needed more _(science)experiments to support his theory.1.形容词作定语。2.She has come to the _(conclude)that he does not love her at all.2.名词作宾语。scientificconclusion3.He fell ill because of eating the _(pollute)seafood.3.形容词作定语。4.The _(analyse)of the food showed the presence of poiso
4、n.4.名词作主语。5.Follow the _(instruct)when you operate the machine.5.名词作宾语。pollutedanalysisinstructions1._ 提出2._ 讲得通；有意义3._ 使显露；暴露4._ 将和联系起来三、短语翻译link.to.put forwardmake senseexpose.to5._ 除之外；此外6._ 对严格7._得出结论8._导致；引起lead to apart from(be)strict withdraw a conclusion9._ 失去控制10._受责备11._ 在建设中12._ 结束come to
5、 an endout of controlbe to blamebe under construction四、课文回顾 John Snow was a well-known physician in London in the 19th century.1_ famous was he that he even attended Queen Victoria to ease the 2_(bear)of her babies.However,he decided to defeat cholera,a deadly disease at that time when he saw thousa
6、nds of people 3_(expose)to it died every time there was an outbreak.So birth exposed In 1854 when cholera broke out，he began to gather information and marked on a map 4 _ all the dead people had lived.He found many people who had drunk 5_ dirty water from the pump died.So he decided that the pollute
7、d water carried cholera.He found a woman and 6 _ daughter who had the water delivered from the pump every day died of cholera after drinking the water.where the her 7_ this extra evidence John Snow announced that the polluted water was 8 _(blame).He suggested the source of all water supplies 9_(exam
8、ine)and new methods of dealing 10_ water be found.Finally，“King Cholera”was defeated.With to blame be examined with 五、语段改错John Snow is a famous doctor in Londonso expert,indeed,that he attended Queen Victoria for her personal physician.But he becameinspiring when he thought about help ordinarypeople
9、 exposed to cholera.This was the deadly disease of their day.wasasinspiredhelpingitsNeither its cause or its cure was understood.Somany thousand of terrified people died everytime there was the outbreak.John Snow wantedto face the challenge and to solve this problem.He knew that cholera would never
10、be controlleduntil its cause found.was northousandsan1.is was 据上下文可知一般过去时，描述过去发生的事情。2.for as 表示“作为”。3.inspiring inspired 指人“感觉振奋的”，用inspired，而不能用inspiring(令人振奋的，激励人心的)。4.help helping 在介词about后,动词help要加上-ing。5.their its 指代前面的“the deadly disease”，用单数。6.or nor 因neithernor(既不也不)是固定搭配。7.thousand thousand
11、s 因这里thousands of是非确切数，要加“s”。8.the an 指“每次霍乱一爆发”，没有特指，无需用the，outbreak以元音开头，用an。9.去掉solve前面的to 因前半句已经有“to”了，故to无需重复。10.在found前加上was 被动语态，一般过去时，故在found前加上was。重点词汇讲练1.cure vt.治愈;矫正n.治愈;疗法；措施(for)原句Neither its cause nor itscure was understood.人们既不知道它的病源,也不了解它的治疗方法。(B5P2)例句Up till now,People have not fou
12、nd an effective cure for AIDS.到目前为止,人们还没有找到治疗艾滋病的有效方法。cure sb.of sth.治好某人的(疾病、坏习惯等)a cure for治疗的方法药物搭配运用 Her son was addicted to the computer games and she had to _(使他改掉这个习惯).The government is finding a cure _ the severe pollution.cure him of the habitfor原句The second suggested that people absorb thi
13、s disease into their bodies with their meals.第二种看法是人们在吃饭的时候把这种病毒引入体内的。(B5P2)2.absorb vt.吸收；吸引(注意力)例句 Dark clothes absorbedlight easily.深色衣服容易吸收光线。搭配be absorbed in全神贯注于,专心致志于运用 当我进来时,他正聚精会神地看小说。When I entered,he _ _ a novel.我们可以从广泛的阅读中吸收许多有用的东西。We can _ from extensive reading.was absorbed inreadingab
14、sorb a lot of useful things3.be to blame(for sth.)(为某事)应受责备/承担责任原句It seemed that the water was to blame.看来水是罪魁祸首。(B5P2)例句Mr.Smith was to blamefor the accident.史密斯先生要为事故负责。搭配blame sb.for sth.为某事责备某人(1)那次事故怪不得Tom,毕竟他还是个孩子。Little Tom was not_ for the accident.After all,he is only a child.(2)His mother
15、blamed him _ his dishonesty.for to blame运用 4.put forward 提出;提前;被提名 原句 Who put forward a theory about black holes?谁提出关于黑洞的理论？(B5P1)例句 He often puts forward some useful advice.他总能提出一些有用的建议。We have to put the meeting forward by two weeks.(_)Dr.King put forward a suggestionthat talented students should
16、be placed in special classes.(_)运用 说出下列句子画线部分的意思。将提前 提出建议 His name was put forwardfor the Chairman of the Students Union.(_)被推荐/提名原句Apart from the construction mentioned above,you have also learned the following phrases.除了上面提到的结构,你还学了下列词组。(B5P4)例句 Apart from school work,I spend my spare time in sing
17、ing and angling.除了学校功课外，我业余时间还唱歌画画。5.apart from除了以外，都；除外，还用法apart from是短语介词,既相当于besides/in addition to/as well as,又相当于except(for)。运用 用besides，except，except for替代apart from。Apart from the cost,time should also be considered.(_)Besides(In addition to)Apart from a few mistakes,it is a good composition.
18、(_)Apart from the ending,its really a good film.(_)Except(Not including)Except for6.be strict with sb.(in sth.)(在某方面)对某人严格要求原句I need to be strict with 我需要对要求严格(B5P6)例句You must be strict withyourself in study.你在学习上要对自己严格要求。运用 填入一个恰当的介词。Our English teacher is very strict _ us _ our homework.My mother
19、is not only strict _ her work but also strict _ me.withwithinin写作句型运用原句 A woman,who had moved away from Broad Street,liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.有一位从宽街搬过来的妇女，她特别喜欢那里的水,每天都要派人从水泵打水运到家里。(B5P3)1.have sth.done 让某人干某事;遭遇某事例句 Youd better have the
20、machine repaired tomorrow.你最好明天找人来修机器。仿写 把下列句子译成英文。明天我要去理发。I will _.爸爸几天前车被偷了。My father _a few days ago.have my hair cut tomorrowhad his car stolen原句He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it and only the moon still going round the earth.他把太阳固定在太阳系的中心位置上,
21、而行星则围绕着太阳转,只有月球仍然绕着地球转。(B5P7)2.with+宾语+非谓语动词例句 I cant fall asleep with the baby crying.婴儿一直在哭,我睡不着觉。仿写 把下列句子译成英文。鸟儿在鸣叫,我们在森林里愉快地散步。We walked happily in the forest _ _.还有很多作业要做,我今晚不能和你去看电影了。_,I cant go to see the movie with you tonight.With a lot of homework to dothe birds singingwith 作业做完后，我出去踢足球了。W
22、ith my homework finished,I went out to play football.原句 To prevent this from happening again,John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies be examined.为了阻止这样的事再发生,约翰。斯诺建议所有的水源都要检查。3.suggest(that)sb.(should)do 建议某人做某事例句The doctor suggested he have a good rest.医生建议他要好好休息。提醒 没有suggest s
23、b.to do sth.句型，但有advise sb.to do sth.句型。仿写把下列句子译成英文。他建议我们工作后要好好休息。_ after work.她建议你去那里之前先打个电话。_ before you go round there.She suggested that you(should)phoneHe suggested that we(should)have a good rest4.Only+副词/介词短语/状语从句，后用倒装句型原句 Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets i
24、n the sky make sense.只有当你把太阳放在中心位置上,天空中其他行星的运动才能说得清楚。例句Only if you are in London can you realize its beauty.只有当你亲身来到伦敦,你才能体会到它的美。仿写把下列句子译成英文。只有用这种方法你才能在这么短的时间内完成它。Only in this way _ _.只有当你用心学习时,你才能取得大的进步。Only when you put your heart into study _.will you make great progresscan you finish it in sucha
25、 short time难句结构分析原句 A woman,who had moved away from Broad Street,liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.有一位妇女，她是从宽街搬过来的，非常喜欢那里从水泵打上来的水，每天都要派人去那里运水到她家里来。(P2 B5)分析 本句主干是A woman liked the water；who引导的是一个_从句，补充说明A woman；句型so that中的that引导一个结果状语从句；在这个结果状语从句中又有一个句型have sth.done，表示“_”。请人做某事非限制性定语Thank You!