1、Part 2 Grammar 虚拟语气探究案第一单元我们详细讲述了虚拟语气用在与现在事实相反和将来事实相反的非真实条件句，所以本单元只对与过去事实相反的非真实条件句作讲解。一、虚拟语气在If条件状语从句中的运用：条件从句从句谓语形式主句谓语形式与现在事实相反动词用过去形式（be用were）should/would/could/might + 动词原形与过去事实相反had+过去分词should/would/could/might + have +过去分词与将来事实相反1、should+过去分词2、动词用过去式3、were to +动词原形should/would/could/might +动词原
2、形e.g.1. If I were you, I _(会努力学习的).2. If I had taken your advice, I _(不会犯错误). 3. If I should be free tomorrow, I_(会和你一起去).注意：连词if的省略。如果虚拟条件句的谓语部分有were, had和should时, 可省略if, 把were, had和should放到从句主语前面去, 多见于书面语。例如：1. 要是没有你的帮助, 我就失败了。If you had not helped me, I should have failed. = Had you not helped me
3、, I should have failed.2. 假如你处在我的地位, 你也会这样干的。If you were in my position, you would do the same. = Were you in my position, you would do the same. 3. 假如他们进攻我们, 我们就把他们彻底消灭干净。If they should attack us, well wipe them out completely. = Should they attack us, well wipe them out completely. 二、虚拟语气在wish引导的宾
4、语从句中的运用：与现在事实相反 动词用过去式（be用were）与过去事实相反 had + 过去分词与将来事实相反 would/could/might + 动词原形1. He wished he _ in such affairs. (involve)2. I wish I _ a bird. (be)三、表示要求, 命令, 建议的虚拟语气。一个坚持 _两个命令 _ _三个建议 _ _ _ 四个要求 _ _ _ _ 注明：上述这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气用法。从句中的动词使用should + 动词原形, 或者将should省略。 e.g.The doctor suggested that
5、 he (should) try to lose his weight.He insisted that we (should) tell him the news.四、与要求，建议，命令有关的表语从句、同位语从句中的虚拟语气在suggestion, proposal, order, plan, idea, advice, decision等需要有内涵的名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中, 要使用虚拟语气。其谓语动词应用should原形动词。另外连接从句的that不能省略。e.g. 1. My suggestion is that we (should) go there at once. 2.
6、 I make a proposal that we (should) hold a meeting next week.五、在It is/was suggested /ordered / demanded / proposed / etc. 结构中要使用虚拟语气。e.g. 1. It is arranged that he _. 按照安排, 他星期五动身去加拿大。 2. It is suggested that _. 有人建议, 英语晚会周六举行。 六、Its necessary/strange/natural/important/pity/no wonder/impossible + th
7、at Clause 从句中的动词要用虚拟, 即(should)+动词原形e.g. 1. It is strange that _. 他居然会这样说, 真是奇怪。 2.It is a great pity that _. 他居然会这样想, 真是一件憾事。七、would rather 后的宾语从句与现在事实相反 动词用过去式（be用were）与过去事实相反 had + 过去分词与将来事实相反 动词用过去式（be用were）e.g. 1. I would rather _. 我宁愿你现在付我钱。2. I would rather _. 我宁愿你下星期六来。 3.I would rather _.我宁
8、愿你没这样做。八、as if, as though引导的从句以as if, as though(似乎, 仿佛)引出的方式状语从句,如果表示真实情况应该用陈述语气; 如果表示非真实情况则应该用虚拟语气, 其谓语动词的虚拟式与wish后面宾语从句中谓语动词的虚拟式相同。如e.g. 1. The little boy knows so many things as if he were a man.2. He acted as usual as though nothing had happened.应用：The boy acted _ he had never lived in Canada be
9、fore. A. as though B. even if C. as D. since 九、由if only (要是, 那该多好啊!)引导的惊叹句。. If only I had passed the test ！要是我通过了考试该多好啊！. If only it stopped raining！ 要是能不下雨该多好啊！比较if only与only if only if表示“只有”; if only则表示“如果就好了”。If only也可用于陈述语气。1. I wake up _ the alarm clock rings. 只有闹钟响了, 我才会醒。2. _ the alarm clock
10、 had rung.当时闹钟响了, 就好了。3._ he comes early. 但愿他早点回来。 十、It is (high) time that It is (high) time that 后面的从句谓语动词要用过去式或用should加动词原形, 但should不可省略。 It is time that the children went to bed.=It is high time that the children should go to bed.翻译：_.1. It is high time that _.该是我们吃午饭的时候了。 2. It is time that _.
11、该是他作出决定的时候了。十一、含蓄条件虚拟一些介词短语,如: but for(要不是), without, otherwise(否则), in that case(如果是那样的话), 还有，在含有If it were not for或If it had not been for 条件句的虚拟语气中，表示含蓄的条件, 这时主句要用虚拟语气。 如：1. If it were not for the rain, the crops would die. 要不是这场雨，庄稼早就死了。2. If it had not been for your help, we couldnt have finishe
12、d the work ahead of time.要不是你的帮助，我们不可能提前完成工作的。= But for your help，= Without your help，= Had it not been for your help, 翻译句子：“要不是你的帮助，我们不可能取得这样快速的进步。”Without your help, we would not have made such rapid progress.十二、混合型的条件句当条件从句与主句所表的时间不一致时, 虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整。主句和从句的谓语动词并不相互呼应,这种条件句叫混合条件句。较多见的混合型条件句是从句用过去
13、完成时(指过去行为), 而主句用一般时(指目前状态)。 e.g.1. 如果他听了我的劝告, 他现在会通过考试。If he had taken my advice, he would pass the test.2. 假如昨天我对他说了, 现在我就知道该怎么办了。If I had spoken to him yesterday, I should know what to do now. 3. 假如我是你, 我当时就不会打破那杯子。 If I were you, I would not have broken the glass. 训练案I. 单项选择题：1. It was urgent tha
14、t he _ her immediately.A. calls B. called C. call D. would call2.There was a traffic jam; otherwise I _ here on time.A. would be B. had been C. should be D. would have been3. I didnt go to the party, but I do wish I _ there. A.was B. were C.had been D.went 4. The teacher agreed to the suggestion tha
15、t the students _ two weeks to prepare for the exam. A.give B.should give C.be given D.would be given 5. Id rather you _ right away. A.leave B. left C. will leave D. to leave 6. It is required that you _ at six. A. will arrive B. arrive C. arrived D. would arrive 7. We demanded that we _ of any chang
16、e in the plan.A. informed B. would be informed C. be informed D. had been informed8.Its high time we _ our attention to this problem.A. turned B. turn C. had turned D. would turn9.If only I _to my parents advice!A. listening B. listen C. am listening D. had listened10. His silence at the meeting sug
17、gested that he _to your plan.A. shouldnt agree B. wouldnt agreeC. hadnt agreed D. didnt agree11.Its high time he _home.A. goes B. went C. will go D. is going to go12 The volleyball match will be put off if it _.A. will rain B. rains C. rained D. is rained13.Eliza remembers everything exactly as if i
18、t _ yesterday. A. was happening B. happens C. has happened D. happened14. If I _ plan to do anything I wanted to, Id like to go to Tibet and travel through as much of it as possible. A. would B. could C. had to D. ought . Complete the sentences.1. If I _ (know) more about giving first aid, I _(help)
19、 them when the accident happened.2. If I _ (be) a man, I _ (run) for president.3. -Do you think the thief entered through the side door?No, if he _ (have), he_(not break) the window of the living room.4. I would rather you _ (stay) at home last night.5. I wish that the rain _ (stop) immediately.6. They talked as if they _ (be) good friends for many years.