1、基础知识自测一、单词拼写1._ n.质量;品质;性质2._ n.法则;原则;原理3._ n.律师4._ n.青年;青年时期5._ n.总统;校长president qualityprinciplelawyeryouth6._ n.意见；看法；主张7._ n.毛毯；毯子8._ n.舞台；阶段；时期9._ vt.建立；建设10._ vi.逃脱；逃走；泄露escape opinionblanketstagefound11._ vt.进攻;攻击;抨击12._ adj.乐意的;自愿的13._ adj.法律的14._ v.投票 n.投票;表决15._ adj.和平的;平静的peaceful attackw
2、illinglegalvote1._ vt.献身；专心于_ n.忠实；忠诚_ adj.忠实的；深爱的devoted devotedevotion二、单词拓展(A)单词派生2._ vt.带领；引导 n.导游_ n.指导；领导，向导guideguidance3._ adj.平等的_ n.平等_ adv.平等地4._ adj.慷慨的；大方的_ n.慷慨；大方generosity equalequalityequallygenerous5._adj.有活力的;积极的_n.行动_ n.活动6._ adj.暴力的_ n.暴力，暴行violenceactiveactionactivityviolent1.M
3、onica is a _ friend.His _ to us is quite clear.(devote)(B)灵活运用devoteddevotion第一个是形容词修饰名词，表示“忠实的”；第二个是名词作主语，表示“忠实、忠心”。2.My brother is _ with his money.(generosity)作表语要用形容词,be generous with表示“对慷慨的”。3.Some of the films are full of _,which is not good for young kids.(violent)violence介词后接名词作宾语generous4.W
4、elcome to Beijing.Im your_ in this trip.(guide)在形容词性物主代词后用名词,表示“导游”。5.They believed that all men and women were born _.(equal)习语:be born equal 天生平等。equalguide三、短语翻译1._ 被判处(徒刑)2._ 事实上3._ 失业4._ 设立；建立set up be sentenced toas a matter of factout of work5._ 当权；上台6._ 丧失勇气或信心7._ 求助于；致力于8._ 在困境中in trouble c
5、ome to powerlose heartturn to9._ 同斗争到底10._为而死11._ 炸毁；给充气12._ 把投入监狱fight againstdieforblow upputin prison/into prison四、语篇填空My name is Elias.I am a poor black worker in South Africa.The time when I first met Nelson Mandela was 1 _very difficult period of my life.I was twelve years old.2 _was in 1952 a
6、nd Mandela was the black 3 _(law)to whom I went for advice.He offered 4 _(guide)to poor black people on their legal problems.He was generous with his time,5 _ which I was grateful.a It lawyer guidance for I needed his help 6 _ I had very little education.I began school at six.The school 7 _ I studie
7、d for only two years was three kilometres away.I had to leave because my family could not continue to pay the school fees and the bus fare.I could not read 8 _ write well.After 9 _(try)hard,I got a job in a gold mine.However,this was a time when one had got to have a passbook to live in Johannesburg
8、.10 _(sad),I did not have it because I was not born there,and I worried about whether I would become out of work.because where or trying Sadly 1.a 表示“一段”非常困难的时期。2.It 指时间。3.lawyer 在冠词加形容词后用名词，表示“律师”。4.guidance 作offered的宾语用名词，表示“指导”。5.for 引导定语从句的which，指前句内容“他十分慷慨地给予时间(就法律问题给予指导)”这回事；又由be grateful to s
9、b.for sth.(因某事感谢某人)可知，填介词for。6.because 后句是原因，引导原因状语从句用because。7.where 引导定语从句并在从句中作地点状语。8.or 在否定句中表示并列，用or。9.trying 因after是介词，介词后要用动词ing形式作宾语。10.Sadly 作状语，修饰全句，用副词。五、语段改错With the help of Mandela,I became more hope about my future.I never forgot what kind Mandela was.When he organized the ANC Youth Le
10、ague,I joined them as soon as I can.He said:“The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progresses,until today we have reached a stage which we havealmost no rights at all.”hopefulhowitcouldprogresswhere“we were put into a position in which we had either to a
11、ccept we were less important,nor fight the government only then wedecide to answer for violence with violence.”But I knew it would help us achieve ourdream of making black and white people equally.didequalor1.hope hopeful 在became后作表语，要用形容词。2.what how 修饰作表语的形容词kind，作副词how，表示“多么”。3.them it 指参加the ANC
12、Youth League这个组织，用代词it。4.can could 由上文动词时态可知，用一般过去时。5.progresses progress 因progress是不可数名词，没有复数形式。6.which where 引导定语从句并在从句中作地点状语，用where。7.nor or 因eitheror是固定搭配。8.在we前加did 因only then位于句首，谓语要用部分倒装；由上文可知，decide应为一般过去时，故在主语前加did。9.去掉answer后的for 因answer violence with violence 意为“以暴制暴”；而answer for意为“对负责，因而
13、受罚”。10.equally equal 作宾语要用形容词。重点词汇讲练例句 She devoted herself entirely to writing.她全心投入写作。1.devote vt.献身于；致力于devoteto把用在献给 devote oneself to 献身于致力于 be devoted to专心于深爱忠诚搭配注意 to是介词,后接名词、代词或者doing。运用 将下列句子译成汉语。He has devoted his whole life to benefiting mankind.Please devote more time to your work 请把更多的时间
14、用于工作。他把一生都献给了造福人类的事业。He devoted himself to helping the poor.She is devoted to her studies.(5)She is devoted to her children.她深爱她的孩子。他致力于帮助穷人。她专心于她的学习。2.vote v.投票；选举n.投票；选票；表决例句 It was the truth.Black people could not vote or choose their leaders.这是真话。当时黑人没有选举权，无法选择他们的领导人。vote for 投票赞成/选(某人)vote agai
15、nst 投票反对搭配运用 下届选举我可能选她。I may _ at the next election.vote for her3.equal adj.平等的；相等的例句 I knew it would help us achieve our dream of making black and white people equal.我知道这有助于实现我们使黑人与白人平等的梦想。运用 人人生而平等。All men _.are born equal4.escape v.逃走;逃脱;避开;避免例句 It was a prison from which no one escaped.那是一座任何人也逃
16、不出去的监狱。用法 不与away,off连用；后可接动名词，不接不定式；不可用被动语态。搭配 escape from 从逃走；逃脱翻译 escape from the jail _ escape sbs attention _ escape being caught in the rain_避免淋雨从监狱里逃出来逃过某人的注意5.educate vt.教育；训练例句Since I was better educated,I got a job working in an office.因为我受过较好的教育，我得到了一份坐办公室的工作。派生education n.教育educator n.教育工
17、作者educational adj.教育的运用 用educate的适当形式填空。She _ at a very good school in England in the 1930s.He has had a good _.An _ must first educate himself.There are many _ programs on TV.educationalwas educatededucationeducator6.beg vi.&vt.请求；乞求例句 At that time my wife and children had to beg for food and help
18、from relatives or friends.那时我的妻子和孩子们不得不向亲友们乞讨食物和帮助。搭配 beg sb.to do sth.恳求某人做某事beg to do sth.恳求做某事beg for sth.(from sb.)(向某人)乞求(钱、食物、衣、同情等)运用 填入一个单词或用所给词的正确形式。She wrote a letter begging him _(come)back.I begged _(allow)to join them.to be allowed to come7.reward n.报酬；奖赏；回报vt.报答；奖励原句 They said that the
19、 job and the pay from the new South African government were my reward after working all my life for equal rights for the Blacks.他们说,从南非政府得到的这份工作和薪水,是我毕生为争取黑人的平等权利而斗争所得到的回报。(B1P38)例句A reward was offered for the return of the jewels.为找回珠宝而获得悬赏。She rewarded him with a smile.她向他报之以一笑。比较reward多指因替他人做事或提供
20、服务后得到的酬劳、奖赏或回报。award多指政府或组织授予成绩优异的人的奖励。prize多指对竞赛或比赛中成绩优异的人的奖励。搭配reward sb.with sth.奖给某人某物reward sb.for(doing)sth.因做某事奖赏某人in reward for作为的报答运用 填入一个合适的词。The teacher rewarded winners _ some sweets.She was generously rewarded _ her work.forwith8.opinion n.意见；看法；主张例句 Youd better ask for your parents opi
21、nions.你最好还是去征求你父母的意见。in sb.s opinionin the opinion of sb.在某人看来have a good，highbad，low，poor opinion of=think well，highly，much/badly，lowly，little of对评价高/低搭配表示“根据某人的意见”是in ones opinion而不是according to ones opinion，但可以说 according to sb.。注意 翻译 将下列中文句子翻译成英文。依我的看法和大多数人的看法，学好英语非常重要。老师对他评价很高。The teacher has a
22、 high opinion of him./The teacher thinks highly of him.In my opinion and in the opinion of most people,it is very important to learn English well.原句 I worried about whether I would become out of work.我担心我会不会失业。(B1P34)9.out of work失业例句 Many workers were out of work during the economic crisis.在经济危机中许多
23、工人失业了。运用 他已经失业一年了,现在在找工作。He _ for a year and now hes looking for a job.has been out of work 原句 Elias went to see Nelson Mandela when he was in trouble.在Nelson Mandela有困难的时候,Elias 去看过他。(B1P35)10.in trouble 在困境中例句 We should help those who were in trouble.我们应该帮助那些有困难的人。ask for trouble自寻烦恼make trouble(f
24、or sb.)制造麻烦get(sb.)into trouble(使某人)陷入困境联想运用 那个男孩总是捣乱,现在他真有麻烦了。The naughty boy is always _ _,but now he is really _ _.makingintroubletrouble11.turn to sb.(for help)向某人求助原句 Why did Nelson Mandela turn toviolence to make black and white people equal?为什么Nelson Mandela 借助暴力来使黑人与白人平等？(B1P35)例句 You should
25、 turn to your teacherfor help when you meet with difficulty at school.在学校当你遇到困难时应该求助你的老师。运用 Dont hesitate to _(求助于我们)if you are in trouble.turn to us 12.lose heart(=be discouraged)气馁；灰心；泄气lose ones heart to(=fall in love with)爱上；喜欢上例句 You can never lose heart in face of difficulty.面对困难你绝不能丧失信心。Tom l
26、ost his heart to Chinese when he first attended the lesson.汤姆第一次听课就喜欢上了中文。运用 根据汉语意思完成英文句子。_(我绝不灰心)even if I should fail ten times.At the first sight of Mary，Tom _(喜欢她).lost his heart to herIll never lose heart13.set up v.设置，建造(build)；建立，创立(found)例句 We were surprised when he left University to set up
27、 his own company“Microsoft”and make his own software.我们感到惊奇的是，他离开大学之后创办了自己的微软公司做软件。set up an organization建立一个组织set up a new record for创造的新纪录拓展运用 根据汉语意思，完成英文句子。战后成立了一个新政府。A new government_ after the war.一些人搭建了一个小舞台。Some men _.set up a small stagewas set up14.be sentenced to被判处(刑)例句 In 1961,he was sen
28、tenced to five years hard labour for encouraging violence against anti-black laws.他于1961年因鼓励暴力反对反黑人法而被判五年苦役。翻译 He should be sentenced to death in the sight of law.被判处死刑写作句型仿写原句 He was the first man to land on the moon in July 1969.他是1969年7月登上月球的第一人。(B1P33)1.the first(+名词)to do sth.第一个做某事的例句 Everyday
29、 Mr.Zhang was the first to come to the office.张先生每天都是第一个到办公室。仿写 他总是第一个来而且是最后一个离开教室。He _ to come and the last to leave the classroom.is always the first 原句 Only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.只有到了那时我们才决定以暴力对抗暴力。(B1P34)2.Only+状语(副词/介词短语/从句)+部分倒装例句 Only by studying hard can you mak
30、e progress.只有努力学习你才能取得进步。仿写 只有在那时我才明白学习英语的重要性。Only then _ the importance of learning English.did I realize 例句 I liked Dongguan the first time I came to the city.我第一次来东莞就喜欢上了这座城市。3.the first time 第一次(引导时间状语从句)原句 I felt bad the first time I talked to a group.第一次给旅行团作讲解时,我的心情很不好。(B1P38)仿写 根据汉语意思完成英语句子。
31、我第一次见到他,就不得不为他的敬业精神所震撼。_,I was amazed at his devotion to his career.比较 for the first time 第一次(作状语)The first time I saw him(2)她第一次在竞赛中获一等奖。She _ in the competition _.won first prizefor the first time4.stopfrom doing sth.阻止做某事例句 He said they should not be stopped from studying for their degrees.他说他们不应
32、该被剥夺通过学习获得学位的权利。(from不能省略)preventfrom doing sth.阻止做某事keepfrom doing sth.阻止做某事比较 protect from保护免受联想 仿写什么也阻止不了我实现我的梦想。Nothing can stop me from realizing my dream/making my dream come true.5.do what one can to do sth.竭尽全力做某事例句 Everyone should be able to do what they can to make their company bigger.每个人
33、都会竭尽全力使他们的公司变得更大。do all that one can to do sth.do/try ones best to do sth.spare no effort to do sth.同义仿写 我已下定决心竭尽全力帮助他们摆脱困境。I have made up my mind to do what I can to help them out(of difficult situation).原句 The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress，until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.过去30年来所出现的大量法律剥夺了我们的权利，阻挡我们的进步，到今天，我们已经处在几乎什么权利都没有的阶段。(P34 B1)分析 句中where引导的是一个_ 从句，修饰stage。顺便说说，时间(the last thirty years)作主语，谓语动词see意为“是某事发生的时间，目睹”。定语