1、Module 5Cloning Section Grammar虚拟语气(1)语法图解课文原句感知If you were head of the government, would you allow cloning?If we hadnt made adequate preparations, the conference wouldnt have been so wonderful.If it were to rain/should rain/rained, the crops would be saved.Had I worked hard, I would have surely suc
2、ceeded.Were she my daughter, I wouldnt allow her to study abroad.Should I have time, I would call on her.If they had started early yesterday morning, they would be here now.If we hadnt made adequate preparations, we shouldnt dare to do the experiment next week.But for your help, we couldnt have succ
3、eeded.She wasnt feeling well. Otherwise she wouldnt have left the meeting so early.语法领悟(1)句为 if 引导的非真实条件句的三种基本形式。(2) 句为省略 if 的虚拟条件句。(3)句中，主句与从句动作所发生的时间不一致，称之为错综时间条件句。(4)句中，假设的条件不用 if 条件从句表示，而是通过介词短语but for或副词otherwise等表达出来，这类句子叫“含蓄条件句”。一、虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的用法情况从句谓语动词主句谓语动词与现在事实相反一般过去时(be 的过去式用 were)would/
4、should/could/might动词原形与过去事实相反过去完成时would/should/could/mighthave过去分词与将来事实相反一般过去时(be 的过去式用 were)should动词原形were to动词原形would/should/could/might动词原形If my brother were here, everything would be all right.要是我哥哥在这儿，一切都没问题了。(与现在事实相反)If I had enough money, I would take the beautiful dress for my daugther.如果我的钱
5、够的话，我就会为女儿买下这件漂亮的衣服。(与现在事实相反)If you had got up earlier, you would have caught the train.如果你早点起床，你就会赶上火车了。(与过去事实相反)If it should rain/were to rain/rained tomorrow, we would have to put off the sports meeting.如果明天下雨的话，我们就得推迟运动会。(与将来事实相反)即学即练1单句语法填空If I had enough money now, I would buy (buy) a car.If w
6、e had driven (drive) in turn, you wouldnt have got so tired.If it were to snow (snow) tomorrow, we would take photos.二、虚拟条件的三种特殊形式1省略 if 的虚拟语气虚拟条件句中若含有 were, had 或 should，可以把 if 省略，把 were, had 或 should 提到句首，构成部分倒装。Were it Sunday tomorrow, we should go to the Great Wall.要是明天是星期日，我们就能去长城了。It might hav
7、e saved me some trouble had I known the schedule.要是我知道安排可能会省去一些麻烦。Should it rain tomorrow, the flight might be put off.如果明天下雨，航班就有可能被推迟。名师点津若省略的条件句中的谓语动词是否定形式，则不能用动词的缩略形式。我们可以说“Were it not for the expense, I would go abroad now.”但不能说“Werent it for the expense, I would go abroad now.”。即学即练2句型转换(变成省略句
8、)If you had gone to the exhibition, you would have enjoyed it.Had you gone to the exhibition, you would have enjoyed it.If I had known your telephone number yesterday, I would have telephoned you.Had I known your telephone number yesterday, I would have telephoned you.If it should rain tomorrow, the
9、 work would be postponed for some days.Should it rain tomorrow, the work would be postponed for some days.2错综时间条件句在虚拟语气中，条件从句中谓语可以和主句中的谓语发生时间不一致，这时从句和主句要根据各自所发生的时间选用符合具体时间的虚拟语气形式。If it had rained last night, the ground would be wet now.要是昨晚下雨的话，现在地面就会湿的。(从句表示过去，主句表示现在)If I were you, I would have gon
10、e to his birthday party yesterday.如果我是你，我昨天就去参加他的生日宴会了。(从句表示现在，主句表示过去)即学即练3单句语法填空If you had listened (listen) to me yesterday, you wouldnt be in such trouble now.If I were (be) you, I would have planted some trees round the house.If you had stuck (stick) your own dream before, your life would be (be
11、) different today.3含蓄虚拟条件句有时假设的情况不是以 if 条件从句表示，而是通过其他形式表现出来，这种从句被称作含蓄虚拟条件句，其主要用法如下。(1)用 but for, without 等介词(短语)表示条件。But for the rain, we should have had a pleasant journey.要不是下雨，我们会有一次愉快的旅行。(2)用连词 otherwise, or 等暗示后文与前面的情况相反，从而引出后文的虚拟语气。I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have taken part in the
12、sports meeting.那天我生病了。否则我就会参加运动会了。(3)虚拟条件通过 but 暗示出来，but 前面为虚拟语气，后面为真实情况。I should have given you more help, but I was too busy.我本该多帮帮你，但我太忙了。即学即练4单句语法填空But for your help, he wouldnt have succeeded (succeed)He must have been there, otherwise/or he never could have known the place so well.链接高考单句语法填空1(
13、2018北京)They might have found a better hotel if they had driven (drive) a few more kilometers.2(2017北京)If the new safety system had been put (put) to use, the accident would never have happened.3(2017江苏)Were (be) it not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty.4(
14、2016天津)I was wearing a seatbelt. If I hadnt been wearing one, I would have been injured (injure)5(2016江苏)If it had not been (not be) for his invitation the other day, I should not be here now.6(2016浙江)Had the governments and scientists not worked together, AIDSrelated deaths would not have fallen (n
15、ot fall) since their highest in 2005.7(2016北京)Why didnt you tell me about your trouble last week? If you had told (tell) me, I could have helped.8(2015安徽)It is lucky we booked a room, or we would have (have) nowhere to stay now.9(2015北京)If I hadnt seen (not see) it with my own eyes, I wouldnt have believed it.10(2015重庆)Without his wartime experiences, Hemingway would not have written (not write) his famous novel A Farewell to Arms.