1、Unit 4Global warming全球变暖早已成为不争的事实，并且有加剧的趋势。那么这会对北极地区造成什么样的影响呢？A nearly icefree Arctic Ocean in summer may happen three times sooner than scientists have assessed. New research says the Arctic might lose most of its ice cover in summer in as few as 30 years instead of the end of the century.The amoun
2、t of the Arctic Ocean covered by ice at the end of summer by then could be only about one million square kilometres. Thats compared with todays ice extent (范围) of 4.6 million square kilometres so much more open water could be a boon for shipping and for extracting (开采) minerals and oil from the sea
3、bed, but it raises the question of ecosystem change.While the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change in 2007 assessed what might happen in the Arctic in the future based on results from more than a dozen global climate models, two researchers said that dramatic drops in the extent of ice at the e
4、nd of summer in 2007 and 2008 called for a different approach.Out of the 23 models now available, the new predictions are based on the six most suited for assessing sea ice, according to Muyin Wang, a university of Washington climate scientist, and James Overland, an oceanographer. Wang and Overland
5、 sought models that best matched what has actually happened in recent years, because, “if a model cant do todays conditions well, how can you trust its future predictions？” Wang says.“In recent years the combination of unusual warm temperatures from natural causes and the global warming signals has
6、worked together to provide an earlier summer seaice loss than predicted when scientists considered the effects from humancaused carbon dioxide alone.” says Overland.Scientists dont expect the Arctic to be totally icefree, figuring that ice still will be found along northern Canada and Greenland wher
7、e powerful winds sweeping across the Arctic Ocean force ice layers to slide on top of each other, making for a very thick ice cover.根据短文内容，回答下列问题。1The researchers assessment is based on the_results_from_more_than_a_dozen_global_climate_models.2The underlined word “boon” in the second paragraph proba
8、bly means “advantage/benefit/strength”3There will be a very thick ice cover in northern Canada. The probable reason is that powerful_winds_sweeping_across_the_Arctic_Ocean_force_ice_layers_to_slide_on_top_of_each_other,_making_for_a_very_thick_ice_cover.4The author writes this passage to tell reader
9、s the_new_research_about_the_Arctic_sea_ice.Unit 4Global warming Section Warming Up Reading.重点单词1graph n图表；坐标图；曲线图2per prep.每；每一3data n资料；数据4trend n趋势；倾向；走向5mild adj.温和的；温柔的；淡的6random adj.胡乱的；任意的7range n种类；范围8glance vi.看一下；扫视n一瞥9subscribe vi.同意；捐赠；订阅vt.签署(文件)；捐助10phenomenon n现象phenomena (pl.)11oppos
10、e vt.反对；反抗opposed adj.反对的；对立的12consequence n结果；后果；影响consequent adj.作为结果的；随之发生的consequently adv.结果13steady adj.平稳的；持续的；稳固的steadily adv.平均地；持续地14quantity n量；数量quality n质量15state vt.陈述；说明statement n声明；阐述16tend v趋向；易于；照顾tendency n倾向17consume vt.消费；消耗；耗尽；吃完consumer n消费者consumption n消费.核心短语1subscribe_to同意
11、；订阅2come_about 发生；造成3quantities_of 大量的4go_up 涨价；上涨5result in 导致6even if/though 即使7keep on 继续8compare.to/with 与相比.经典句式1That probably does not seem much to you or me, but it is a rapid increase when_compared_to other natural changes.这个数值对你我来说可能是无所谓的，但是跟其他自然变化相比较而言，这却是一种快速的增长。2There_is_no_doubt_that th
12、e earth is becoming warmer (see Graph 1) and that it_is_human_activity_that has caused this global warming rather_than a random but natural phenomenon.毫无疑问，地球正在变暖(见曲线图1)，而地球变暖正是人类活动导致的，并非一种随意的自然现象。3Without the “greenhouse effect”， the earth would_be about thirtythree degrees Celsius cooler than it i
13、s.如果没有这种“温室效应”，地球的温度将比现在的温度还要低33摄氏度左右。4They also agree that it_is the burning of more and more fossil fuels that_has_resulted_in this increase in carbon dioxide.他们还赞同下述观点：正是燃烧越来越多的化石燃料才导致了二氧化碳的增加。5Even_if_we_start_reducing_the_amount of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, the climate is going
14、 to keep on warming for decades or centuries.即使我们开始减少二氧化碳和其他温室气体的含量，在(未来)几十年或几个世纪内，气候仍会持续变暖。1.图片记单词2构词法记单词consume (v.)er(名词后缀)consumer n. state (v.)ment(名词后缀)statement n.steady (adj.)ly(副词后缀)steadily adv.课文预读地球在变暖但是这会带来什么影响吗？在20世纪期间，地球温度大约上升了1华氏度。这个数值对你我来说很可能是无所谓的，但是跟其他自然变化相比较而言，这却是一种快速的增长。那么，这种温度的增
15、长是怎么产生的呢？会产生什么影响吗？“关爱地球”组织的索菲阿姆斯特朗就在探究这些问题。毫无疑问，地球在变暖(见曲线图一)，而全球变暖正是人类活动导致的，并非一种随意的自然现象。课文理解Task One：Fast Reading.The text mainly tells us the_earth_is_becoming_warmer_and_whether_it_matters.答案：1.B2.C3.A4.DTask Two：Careful Reading.Read the text and then choose the best answers.1Who found out the amo
16、unt of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere from 1957 to 1997?ADr Janice Foster.BCharles Keeling.CGeorge Hambley. DSophie Armstrong.答案：B2The author probably agrees that _.Aa lot remains to be found out about the effects of global warmingBwe should do nothing about the global warmingCcatastrophes will ha
17、ppen if the globe keeps on warmingDactually global warming is good for human beings答案：A3Which of the following statements is TRUE?ANatural gas is a greenhouse gas.BWe are sure of the effects of global warming now.CCarbon dioxide is a byproduct of burning fossil fuels.DDr Janice Foster believes that
18、global warming will do good rather than harm to the earth.答案：C4This article is from _.Aa storyBa diaryCa novelDan environmental magazine答案：D.Read the text and then answer the following questions.1Whats the cause of global warming according to the scientists?The_burning_of_fossil_fuels_like_coal,_nat
19、ural_gas_and_oil.2What is the most important part of greenhouse gases?Carbon_dioxide.3Whats Dr Fosters attitude towards the rise of the earths temperature?Dr_Foster_thinks_the_rise_of_the_earths_temperature_will_lead_to_a_catastrophe.4We should do nothing about global warming, do you think so? Why?
20、(within 30 words)I_dont_think_so,_because_global_warming_may_cause_the_sea_level_to_rise,_severe_storms,_floods,_droughts_and_many_other_serious_problems.Task Three：MicrowritingScientists believe that there is no doubt _1_ “greenhouse effect” begins when we add huge _2_ (quantity) of extra carbon di
21、oxide into atmosphere by burning fossil fuels. The _3_ (increase) amount of carbon dioxide is causing the global temperature to go up, which is not a _4_ (nature) phenomenon. Scientists also agree that the burning of more and more fossil fuels has resulted _5_ this increase in carbon dioxide. On the
22、 one hand, Dr Foster thinks that an increase of five degrees would be a catastrophe. On the _6_ hand, some scientists, like George Hambley, predict that any warming will be mild with few bad _7_ (environment) consequences. Hambley states that more carbon dioxide will make plants _8_ (grow) quicker;
23、crops will produce more; it will encourage a greater range _9_ animals, all of which will make life for human beings _10_ (good)1that2.quantities3.increasing4.natural5.in6other7.environmental8.grow9.of10.better1 (教材P26).has caused this global warming rather than a random but natural phenomenon.已经导致了
24、这种全球变暖(现象)，这种现象并非一种随意的自然现象。(1)at random随意地，随机地(2)on purpose 故意地，有目的地by accidentby chance 意外地，偶然地by mistake 错误地，由于差错即学即用(1)This list is arranged in a random order.这份名单是按随机顺序排列的。(2)She took a book off the shelf at random.她随意地从书架上拿了一本书。(3)By_chance/accident,_I saw a flight of wild geese head south for
25、the winter while I was hiking.当我远足时，我偶然看到一群大雁南飞过冬去了。(4)The lucky fan will be picked out at_random to perform with the singer during the party.在聚会进行期间，幸运的歌迷将会被随机挑选出来与这位歌手一起表演。2 (教材P26)The problem begins when we add huge quantities of extra carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.当我们在大气层中增加了大量的额外的二氧化碳时，问题就
26、来了。in quantity在数量上；大量地in large quantities 大量地(常修饰动词)quantities of/a quantity of 大量的归纳拓展(1)(large/huge) quantities of和a large quantity of后都可接可数名词复数或不可数名词。(2)“quantities of名词”后面的谓语动词常用复数形式；“a large quantity of名词”后面的谓语动词常用单数形式。即学即用(1)It was a bad year for films, in terms of both quantity and quality.今年
27、的电影无论从数量上还是质量上都说不上好。(2)The country imports cotton in large quantities from Australia every year.那个国家每年从澳大利亚进口大量棉花。(3)As a result of destroying the forests, a large quantity of desert has covered the land.由于破坏了森林，大片的沙漠覆盖了陆地。(4)With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good soil are_being_
28、washed_away each year.随着越来越多的森林被破坏，每年都会有大量的优质土壤被冲走。(5)语法填空A large quantity of air conditioners has_been_sold (sell) since the summer came.Large quantities of water have_been_polluted (pollute) recently, so the lake smells terrible.3 (教材P26)It means that more heat energy tends to be trapped in the at
29、mosphere causing the global temperature to go up.这意味着更多的热量被困在大气层中，从而引起全球温度升高。(1)tend to do sth.易于/往往会做某事tend to/towards sth. 有的趋势；倾向于tend (to) sb./sth. 照料；照管某人/某事(2)tendency n. 倾向；趋势have a tendency to do sth. 有做某事的倾向即学即用(1)The older women tend to believe in strangers easily.老妇人更容易相信陌生人。(2)A team of
30、medical workers were sent to tend the survivors of Wenchuan Earthquake.一组医护人员被派去照料汶川地震的幸存者。(3)Nowadays people have a growing tendency to shop on the Internet.Nowadays there_is_a_growing_tendency for people to shop on the Internet.如今人们网上购物有增加的趋势。(4)语法填空Plants tend to_die (die) in hot weather if you d
31、ont water them.The cooperation has become the tendency (tend) of economic development in the world.4 (教材P27)On the other hand, there are those, like George Hambley, who are opposed to this view and believe that we should not worry about high levels of carbon dioxide in the air.而另一方面，还有一些人，像科学家乔治汉布利，
32、反对这种观点，他们认为我们不必担心空气中高含量的二氧化碳。(1)oppose sth./doing sth.反对(做)某事oppose sb./sb.s doing sth. 反对某人做某事(2)opposed adj. 相反的；对立的be opposed toobject to 反对；与对立(3)opposite adj. 相反的；对立的be opposite to 在的对面；与相反即学即用(1)All the members present opposed/were opposed to the plan bitterly.在场的所有成员都强烈反对这项计划。(2)At first he w
33、as opposed to the idea, but later he came around.起先他反对这个想法，但是后来同意了。(3)The mother opposed her daughter going there alone.这位母亲反对她女儿一个人去那儿。(4)语法填空Mary is strongly opposed to going (go) shopping on Sunday because the streets are full of people.The result was quite opposite to what we had expected.She re
34、mained bitterly opposed (oppose) to the idea of moving abroad.5 (教材P27)They predict that any warming will be mild with few bad environmental consequences.他们预言说，变暖的情况不会很严重，对环境的影响也不会太坏。(1)as a consequence/resultin consequence因此；结果as a consequence/result ofin consequence of 是的缘故(2)consequent adj. 作为结果的
35、；随之发生的consequently adv. 结果即学即用(1)The city was in ruins now in consequence of/as a consequence of a severe earthquake.由于严重的地震，这座城市变成了废墟。(2)She was over the age limit and, in consequence, her application was rejected.她超过了限定年龄，因此，她的申请被拒绝了。(3)语法填空Consequently (consequence), she understood it and became
36、interested in Chinese traditional culture.As a consequence of human activities like cutting down bamboos, the pandas are lacking of food source.6 (教材P27)It will make plants grow quicker; crops will produce more; it will encourage a greater range of animalsall of which will make life for human beings
37、 better.它(二氧化碳含量的增加)会使植物长得更快；农作物产量更高；还会促进动物种类的增多所有这些都将改善人类生活。(1)a wide range of各种各样的；大范围的in/within the range of 在范围内out of/beyond ones range 能力达不到/超过范围(2)range from.to.(range between.and.) 从到之间变化即学即用(1)This tourist attraction offers a (wide) range of activities for the tourists.这个旅游景点为游客们提供了各种各样的活动。
38、(2)The temperature in the greenhouse ranges between 30 and 40 degrees centigrade.温室里的温度在30到40摄氏度之间。(3)The price of the car ranges from 20,000 dollars to 30,000 dollars, which is beyond his range.这种车的价格从2万美元到3万美元不等，这超出了他的购买能力。(4)语法填空He has a variety of interests, ranging (range) from hiking to diving
39、.There are a variety of animals ranging (range) from rabbits to tigers in park, including a rare species of monkey.7 (教材P27)Glance quickly at the magazine article and answer the questions.迅速浏览一下杂志上的这篇文章并回答问题。(1)glance at/over/through匆匆瞥一眼glance around/about 环顾(2)give/take a glance at 对匆匆一瞥at a glanc
40、e (只)看一眼at (the) first glance 乍一看，乍看起来，第一眼易错辨析glance, stare与glareglance扫视，匆匆地看(强调动作快)stare凝视，盯着看(强调精力的专注)glare怒视(强调情绪)即学即用(1)He only had time to glance at the newspapers before breakfast.他只来得及在早餐前浏览一下报纸。(2)At first glance the plan seemed unworkable.乍一看此计划好像不可行。(3)She just glanced at the envelope and
41、 recognized her boyfriends handwriting.她仅瞥了一眼那个信封，便认出是她男朋友的笔迹。(4)用glance/glare/stare的适当形式填空He walked and glanced at his watch now and then.They glared at each other across the table after the quarrel.It is bad manners to stare at strangers in the public.8 (教材P27)The rise in carbon dioxide is causing
42、 a steady increase in global warming.二氧化碳排放量的增加导致了全球变暖的平稳上升。steadiness n稳定，稳固steadily adv. 平稳地，持续地，稳固地即学即用(1)She has made steady progress this year.今年她不断地取得进步。(2)Keep the camera steady while you take a picture.照相时要把相机拿稳。(3)There is a_steady_increase in the price of the houses.房屋价格持续走高。(4)We were dri
43、ving at a_steady_speed of 50 mph on the way to my hometown.在去我家乡的路上我们一直以50英里的时速行驶。1 (教材P26)So how has this come about and does it matter?那么，这种温度的增长是怎么产生的呢？会产生什么影响呢？come out出来，出现；(芽)生出来；(花)开；出版，发行come on 跟着来，跟上来；口得啦；快点come to 总计，达到；归纳为come across 被理解；(偶然)遇见，碰到come up 走近；长出；被提出；(问题或困难)出现come up with 想
44、出come to oneself 恢复知觉易错警示come about, happen, take place, occur和break out都表示“发生”，都是不及物动词(短语)，不可用于被动语态。即学即用(1)Can you tell me how the accident came about?你能告诉我事故是怎样发生的吗？(2)How did the differences between American English and British English come about?美式英语和英式英语之间的差别是怎样产生的？(3)When it comes to education
45、, the majority of people believe that it is a lifetime study.谈及教育的时候，大多数人认为教育是一个终生的学习。(4)用come相关短语的适当形式填空How did it come_about that the man is dismissed?The question of wage increases came_up at the board meeting.While cleaning the attic yesterday, I came_across an old photograph of my mother.She ca
46、me_up_with a new suggestion to solve the problem.2 (教材P26)All scientists subscribe to the view that.所有的科学家都赞同这种观点(1)subscribe.to.(donate.to.)向捐赠(2)subscription n. 订阅数；捐赠款即学即用(1)Ive personally never subscribed to the view that either sex is superior to the other.我个人从来都不同意性别有优劣之分的观点。(2)Many people hav
47、e subscribed much money to the education fund.许多人向那个教育基金捐了很多钱。(3)If you subscribe to the magazine for twelve months youll receive a free limitededition Tshirt.如果你订阅12个月的杂志，可免费获得一件限量发行的T恤衫。(4)语法填空No one but mad people would subscribe to such views.It is the first time that the school library has_subs
48、cribed (subscribe) to Newsweek this year.3 (教材P26)It means that more heat energy tends to be trapped in the atmosphere causing the global temperature to go up.这意味着更多的热量有被困在大气层中的倾向，从而引起全球温度上升。go up by上升了(多大幅度)go up to 上升到go down 下沉；下降；降落go around 传扬；传播go over 复习；查阅；视察；查看go against 反对；违背；不利于go through
49、 经历；经受；遭受go by 走过；(时间)流逝；过去go in for 从事；酷爱；参加名师点津短语go uprise“上升”，go downfall“下降”，相当于不及物动词，都无被动语态。go up/down作“沿着”讲时，相当于及物动词。即学即用(1)Do you think the house prices will keep going up in the years to come?你觉得房价在未来几年会一直上涨吗？(2)Prices are going up all the time; it seems they will never go down.物价总是上涨，看来永远也不
50、会下跌。(3)用go相关短语的适当形式填空Lily went_against her mothers wishes when she married Tony.The teacher went_over the test papers and analysed the students mistakes.My grandfather had gone_through a long illness before he breathed his last.The temperature is going_up;_will the snow melt?4 (教材P26)They also agree
51、 that it is the burning of more and more fossil fuels that has resulted in this increase in carbon dioxide.他们还赞同下述观点：正是越来越多燃烧的化石燃料导致了二氧化碳的增加。(1)result in (lead to)结果，致使，导致(in的宾语是结果)result from 起因于，由于，由引起(from的宾语是起因)(2)as a result结果，因此as a/the result of 作为的结果即学即用(1)Careless driving resulted in the tr
52、affic accident.The traffic accident resulted from careless driving.开车不谨慎导致了这起交通事故。(2)He was late for the conference as a result of the heavy snow.It snowed heavily, as a result, he was late for the conference.由于这场大雪，他开会迟到了。(3)He likes making fun of others, which_often_results_in quarrelling and figh
53、ting.他喜欢取笑别人，这常导致吵嘴和打架的发生。(4)用result相关短语的适当形式填空Sickness often results_from eating too much.Stress and tiredness often result_in a lack of concentration.All singers kept together. As_a_result,_their performance was successful.As_a_result_of your carelessness, the whole project should be put off at le
54、ast one month.5 (教材P27)Even if we start reducing the amount of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, the climate is going to keep on warming for decades or centuries.即使我们开始减少二氧化碳和其他温室气体的含量，在(未来)几十年或几个世纪内，气候仍会持续变暖。keep on doing sth.continue/go on doing sth.继续做某事keep sb.doing sth. 让某人一直做某事keep sb
55、.from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事即学即用(1)Keep on practising and you will soon get everything right.继续练习，很快一切都会好的。(2)Keep on till you get to the post office and then turn right.一直往前走，到了邮局再往右拐。(3)He was wet through with sweat, but he kept on working.他衣服都被汗湿透了，但还一直坚持工作。(4)语法填空The teacher kept him from spending (
56、spend) too much time surfing the Internet.Im sorry to have kept you waiting (wait) for so long. There is no doubt that the earth is becoming warmer and that it is human activity that has caused this global warming rather than a random but natural phenomenon.毫无疑问，地球在变暖。而全球变暖正是人类活动导致的，并非一种随意的自然现象。(1)T
57、here is no doubt that.“毫无疑问”，名词doubt用在否定句中，that引导同位语从句；当doubt用在肯定句中时，后面接whether引导的同位语从句，注意不可以用if替换whether。There is no doubt that he will win the match.毫无疑问他会赢得这场比赛。There is some doubt whether he can win the first prize.他是否能赢得一等奖还有些疑问。(2)及物动词doubt后接名词、代词或宾语从句。在否定句和疑问句中，doubt后面接that引导的宾语从句；在肯定句中，doubt
58、后面一般接whether或if引导的宾语从句。I doubt whether/if the new one will be any better.我不敢肯定这个新的是否会好些。I never doubted that she would come.我从未怀疑过她会来。Even if we start reducing the amount of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, the climate is going to keep on warming for decades or centuries.即使我们开始减少二氧化碳和其他温室气
59、体的含量，在(未来)几十年或几个世纪内，气候仍会持续变暖。even if相当于even though引导让步状语从句，意为“即使；尽管”。Well make a trip even if/even though the weather is bad.即使天气不好，我们也要去旅行。Be openminded to different opinions even_if/though_you_dont_like_them.尽管你不喜欢不同的观点，对它们也要采取开放的胸怀。辨析比较even if/though, as if/thougheven if/though引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管；即使；虽
60、然”as if/though用于引导方式状语从句或表语从句，意为“就像似的；似乎；仿佛”选择上述短语填空They are talking as_if/though they had seen a ghost.Even_if/though you dont like this film, youd better see it.单句语法填空1How did it come about that he knew where we were?2I usually subscribe to Readers Digest magazine every year.3A large quantity of r
61、ice was (be) sold at a discount in the market yesterday.4The air crash resulted in the death of 221 passengers.5The parents strongly opposed their daughter going (go) there alone.6Brian had been ill for a long time and consequently (consequence) he was behind in his work.7The national park has a lar
62、ge collection of wildlife, ranging (range) from butterflies to elephants.8I could see at first glance that it wasnt the work of Xu Beihong.9Nowadays there is a growing tendency (tend) for people to shop on the Internet.10There is no doubt at all that we did the right thing.补全句子1There_is_no_doubt_tha
63、t the vase is a valuable cultural relic.毫无疑问，这个花瓶是一件珍贵的文物。2Great quantities of sand were_washed_down the hillside by the rain.雨水把大量的泥沙冲下山坡。3The exam was of vital importance for me; as_a_result,_I had no choice but to completely focus on my study.这次考试对我来说非常重要，因此，我别无选择只好集中全部精力学习。4Even_if/though_we_hav
64、e_achieved_great_success in our work, we should not be conceited.即使我们在工作中已经取得了巨大的成功，也不应该自满。5I do not oppose_listening_to_your_story again.我不反对再听你的故事。6As_a_consequence_of_a_great_fire,_the house was completely destroyed.由于大火，房子被彻底毁坏了。7Here we_have_a_range_of_products. Our toys.这儿有我们一系列的产品。我们的玩具。8He took_a_glance_at/glanced_at_the_envelope and recognized his uncles handwriting.他瞥了一眼那个信封，认出是他叔父的笔迹。9If you subscribe_to_the_newspaper,_itll be delivered to your door.如果你订阅报纸，它会被送到你门上的。10People under stress tend_to_develop their full range of potential.处于压力下的人更容易发挥自己的全部潜能。