1、十六、状语从句.阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1 个单词)。1.(2015 湖南)Research has become both simpler and more complex.Its simpler because，_ you have a computer，you can find information you need by searching the Internet.2.(2015 广东)One day，the cow was eating grass _ it began to rain heavily.【答案与解析】1.if。句意：它变得更简单了是因为如果你有一台电
2、脑，你就可以通过上网搜索到你所需要的信息。此句是一个条件状语从句，故用 if 引导。2.when。考查固定句式。be doing.when.意为“正在做，突然/这时”。.改错。1.(2015 浙江)If I was only a child when I studied in that classroom，I will never forget it.2.(2015 陕西)My only mistake was that I dropped some on the floor after I was packing them up.【答案】1.IfAlthough/Though 2.after
3、when/while(一)基本概念状语从句在句中作状语，可修饰主句中的谓语或整个主句。状语从句由从属连词引导。状语从句可放在句首或句末，放在句首时通常要用逗号与主句隔开，放在句末时一般不用逗号。状语从句根据它们的含义分为时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、方式、让步、条件和比较等九种。类 别连 词时间when(当时)whenever(每当)as(当时)since(自从到现在)till(直到)until(直到)before(在之前)after(在以后)as soon as(一就)once(一旦)the moment(一就)the first time(第一次)the day(在那天)no sooner
4、.than(刚就)hardly/scarcely/barely.when/before(刚就)the minute(一就)the second(一就)every time(每次)each time(每次)directly(一就)immediately/instantly(一就)(二)状语从句连词一览表类 别连 词地点where(在地方)，wherever(任何地方，无论哪里)类 别连 词条件if(如果)unless(除非，如果不)providing/provided that(假如)as(so)long as(只要)on condition that(条件是)suppose/supposing
5、 that(假如)assume/assuming that(假如)in case(万一)only if(只要)类 别连 词原因because(因为)since(既然)as(因为)now that(既然)seeing(that)(既然)considering(that)(考虑到)in that(在某方面)类 别连 词让步though(尽管，虽然)although(尽管，虽然)even if/though(即使)as(尽管)while(虽然，尽管)whatever(无论什么)wherever(无论哪里)whoever(无论谁)however(无论怎样)no matterwh词.(不论)whethe
6、r.or(不管还是)类 别连 词比较as.as(像一样)，than(比)方式as(像，犹如)，as if/though(好像，仿佛)，the way(的方式)目的so that(为了，以便)，in order that(为了)，lest(以防)，for fear that(以防，唯恐)结果so that(结果)，so.that(如此以至于)，such.that(如此以至于)连 词例 句解 说whileDont talk so loud while your mother is having a rest.While Jim was reading，Jack was writing.“在期间”表
7、示延续性动作或状态，可译为“一边一边”Jane was dressed in white while Mary in black.特殊用法，“而”表对比(这种用法常被看作并列连词)While I admit his good points I can see his bad.特殊用法，“尽管”(此用法也被视为表让步)(三)常见从属连词在各种状语从句中的用法1时间状语从句连 词例 句解 说when It was raining when we arrived.“当时”表示时间的一点He entered the room when the meeting was going on.“在期间”表延续
8、性动作或状态We were about to set off on our way when it suddenly began to rain.“在这时，在那时”常与be about to do/be on the point of doing连用(此用法亦可视作并列连词)连 词例 句解 说as As time went on，his theory proved to be correct.As she was reading the letter，she was shedding tears.“一边一边”表示主句和从句的动作同时发生，可译为“随着”As he finished the sp
9、eech，the audience burst into applause.“当时”表示时间点连 词例 句解 说wheneverCome whenever you like.“无论何时”表示任何不具体时间beforeIt will be half a year before I come back.“要过才”afterHe arrived after the game started.“在之后”连 词例 句解 说sinceHe has lived in the city since I came here.“自从到现在”until/tillShe didnt enter the room un
10、til I came back.She stood there until I left.“直到”，肯定句只限用延续性动词；短暂性动词只用于“not.until.(直到才)”句型。till一般不置于句首。2.原因状语从句连 词例 句解 说becauseBecause he didnt obey the rules，he was punished.表直接原因或理由，回答why提问必须用becauseforIt must be morning now，for the birds are singing.表示从前句内容推断出的理由，不用于句首。(此用法也被认为是并列句)I didnt go to s
11、ee him for a heavy snow was falling.表示原因，此处相当于becausesinceSince everybody is here，lets begin our discussion.“既然”，表已知的显然的理由2.原因状语从句连 词例 句解 说as As it is raining，we shall not go to the zoo.“因为”，表示对主句的附带说明now(that)Now that you are old enough，be independent.“既然”，相当于since 3.地点状语从句连 词例 句解 说whereCorn grows
12、best where the ground is rich.Where there is water，there is life.“在的地方，”“哪里”whereverHe will work wherever the people need him.Wherever he may go,he will be happy.“无论哪里”，“不管什么地方”4.条件状语从句连 词例 句解 说ifIf you do that I shall be very pleased.“如果”unlessI shall go tomorrow unless it rains.“除非，如果不”相当于if notin
13、 caseI shall take an umbrella with me in case it rains.“以防；万一”连 词例 句解 说as(so)long asYou may use the room as you like，as long as you clean it up afterwards.“只要”on condition that I will lend you the money on condition that you pay it back in one month.“在的条件下”，“只要”5.方式状语从句连 词例 句解 说asYou ought to write
14、as he does.They watched her closely as a cat watches a rat.“像一样”as if(though)I remember the whole thing，as if it happened yesterday.He treats me as if I were a stranger.“好像，仿佛”从句可用陈述语气，也可用虚拟语气6.比较状语从句连 词例 句解 说as.as.He is as tall as I“和/像一样”前一个as是副词，修饰adj.和adv.第二个as是连词，连接状语从句(not)so.as.He does not sm
15、oke so(as)heavily as his brother.“不如”，用于否定句连 词例 句解 说thanHe is taller than I.Her pronunciation is better than mine.I like visiting friends better than watching TV at home.It is cheaper to go by car than by train.比较从句通常是一种省略形式。省略与主句相同的部分，以突出相比的部分；使句子更简练。常体现在同类的主语与主语比，同类的宾语与宾语比，同类的状语与状语比连 词例 句解 说as.as.
16、/thanHe woke up as suddenly as he had fallen asleep.I can walk faster than you can run.She sees me more often than she sees her brother.如果主句与从句类比部分不尽相同，或者要避免产生歧义，则从句的成分必须齐全，不宜省略7.目的状语从句连 词例 句解 说so that Lets take the front seat so that we may see clearly.“以便”，so有时省略in order thatHe got up early in ord
17、er that she might catch the train.“以便，为了”，较正式，可置于主句前面8结果状语从句连 词例 句解 说so thatHe studied hard so(that)he got good marks.“所以”，“因此”so.thatIt was so cold that few people could be seen outside.He is so good a student that we all like him.“如此以至于”，so修饰adj./adv.，或soadj.a/an单数名词such.thatIt was such fine weath
18、er that we all went to the park.He is such a good teacher that we all like him.“如此以至于”，such修饰名词(suchn.(pl.)/n.U)9.让步状语从句连 词例 句解 说though/asHe is unhappy though he is rich.“尽管”“虽然”，不与but连用Student though/as he is，he knows a lot.Clever boy though/as he is，he doesnt know this.Try though/as he might，he co
19、uldnt achieve his aim.“尽管”，此处though可用as代替，由表语/状语/动词原形though，表语是单数可数名词时要用零冠词althoughAlthough it was raining hard，yet they went on playing.“尽管”“虽然”连 词例 句解 说no matter./wheverNo matter how/However long it takes，well have to work hard.Whatever happens，we shall never lose our hope.Wherever you go，I will f
20、ollow you.“无论”，“不管”，no matterwh词通常可与whever互换，引导让步状语从句whetherWhether you are young or old，you have the chance.“不管还是”(四)使用状语从句需注意的几个问题1状语从句的时态例 句注 释I will wait till he comes.I will go where I am most needed by our motherland.If it rains tomorrow,well stay at home.He wont finish his work in time though
21、 he works hard.He said whenever I was in trouble I could turn to him.You wont understand the story completely until you have finished reading it.He will pay a visit to you as soon as he gets here.1)主句的谓语动词是将来时态，而状语从句却用一般时态。在含有时间、地点、条件、让步等状语从句的句子中，通常都是这样。2)其具体规则是：用一般现在时代替一般将来时；用一般过去时代替过去将来时；用现在完成时代替将
22、来完成时。2.状语从句的省略省略的目的是使句子简练。省略的原则是：省略与主句相同的部分省略从句中的 it is(was)等。例 句省去的部分省后形成的状语结构He speaks English as well as an Englishman.句子末尾的speaks(does)conj.n.He speaks English as well as French.第二个“as”后的he speaks(does)例 句省去的部分省后形成的状语结构Ill do work when possible.when后的it isconj.adj.He hurried to leave the room as
23、 if angry.as if后的he was例 句省去的部分省后形成的状语结构He is seldom,if ever,absent from school.if后的he isconj.adv.When in doubt,ask the chairman himself.when后的you areconj.prepphr.例 句省去的部分省后形成的状语结构While crossing the road,you should watch out.while后的you areconj.VingFilm has a much shorter history,especially when comp
24、ared to such art forms as music and painting.When后的film is conj.VedAlthough frightened,he managed to run away.although后的he was3.状语从句与其他从句的区别关联词状语从句其他从句whoeverWhoever you are,you must obey the regulations.注：whoeverno matter who，“无论谁”，“不管谁”，从属连词引导让步从句“不管你是谁”，修饰后面的主句。Whoever arrives first will win the
25、gold medals.注：whoeveranyone who.，“凡是人”，“无论哪个”，连接副词引起主语从句，“凡是首达者”，“无论谁第一个到”，是“will win”动作的发出者。关联词状语从句其他从句when I was the happiest when my parents were together with me.注：when“当的时候”，从属连词引导状语从句表时间，修饰前面的主句。I was the happiest during the time when my parents were together with me.注：when相当at which(at that t
26、ime)，关系副词引导定语从句，对先行词the time起限制作用。关联词状语从句其他从句where The graduates should go where they are needed most.注：where，从属连词，引导地点状语从句，“最需要他们的地方”，表示主句的谓语不及物动词“go”的地点。Where there is a will,there is a way.注：where从属连词“在的地方”。“哪里”，引导地点从句，修饰主句，可置于主句之前，或之后，或其中。The graduates should go to the place where they are neede
27、d most.注：where，关系副词，相当于in which，引导定语从句修饰先行词the place。That is where the scientist once lived.注：连接副词where引导表语从句，常处连系动词之后。I dont know where he is.注：宾语从句，受动词know的支配。They settled the problem where the teachers lived.注：同位语从句，与名词the problem“平起平坐”，补充说明problem的内容。(定语从句前面的名词表地点)关联词状语从句其他从句so.that.so.as.The qu
28、estion is so difficult that no one can answer it.注：从属连词that引导结果状语从句。“so.that.”相当于汉语“如此以至于”。从句中的各种成分齐全。that本身不担任成分，只起引导作用。前面的“so”是副词。It is so difficult a question as no one can answer.注：as是关系代词，其作用是：引导定语从句；代替先行词a question；在从句中作“answer”的宾语。关联词状语从句其他从句such.that.He is such a good speaker that we all bel
29、ieve him.注：与上句一样，that是从属连词引导结果状语从句。前面的such是形容词。He is such a good speaker as we all believe.注：关系代词as引导定语从句修饰先行词(such a good)speaker。关联词状语从句其他从句其他It was midnight when he arrived in Shanghai.注：when从属连词引导状语从句表时间，句首的“it”指时间。It was at midnight that he arrived in Shanghai.注：“It was.that.”属强调结构。“it”在此处没具体意义
30、，只作引词被用来改变或形成一个句子结构。that亦不作成分，只起引导作用。阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1 个单词)。1.He made a mistake，but then he corrected the situation _ it got worse.1.before。句意：他犯了错，但及时采取了补救措施，没让事情变得更糟。2.The consequences of our actions are unbelievably complicated and diverse _ that predicting the future is a very difficult busin
31、ess indeed.3.What makes his parents proud is that he never gives up，_ difficult the situation is.3.however。however 引导让步状语从句，相当于 no matter how。2.so。so that 引导结果状语从句。4.What we have been doing may not do us much good，but _ it will benefit us or others，well just stick it out.5.It has been quite a time _
32、 the player got injured，but it wont be long _ he returns to the court.5.since;before。it has been一段时间since，表示“自以来有”；第二空用 before 表示“要不了多久就”。4.whether。whether 与 or 连用，引导让步状语从句，意思是“不管还是”。6.We should be able to do the job for you quickly,provided_ you give us all the necessary information.7.I was about t
33、o pick up the receiver _ the phone stopped ringing.7.when。be about to do sth.when.正要做某事时，这时。6.that。provided that 引导状语从句，意为“如果”，还可表示为“providing that”。8.The influence of automobile extends throughout the economy _ the car is so important to American people.9.The government should protect the old valuable buildings even_ they are not in harmony with the modern ones nearby.9.though/if。句意：尽管这些宝贵的古建筑和附近的现代化的建筑不协调，但是政府也应该保护它们。8.as/for/because。句意：汽车的影响延伸到整个美国经济界，因为汽车对于美国人来说太重要了。10.How these students wish they could study _ there are fewer exams!I can understand their pressure.10.where。where 引导地点状语从句。