1、The Present Perfect Passive VoiceUnit 3 Grammar现在完成时的被动语态表示动作发生在过去,到现在已经完成或对现在仍有影响。现在完成时的被动语态Understanding the structure of the present perfect passive voiceThe structure of the present perfect passive voice is:have/has beened1.主动语态即主语为动作的执行者；被动语态即主语为动作的承受者。现在完成时的被动语态同它的主动语态一样，强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，但主语
2、为动作的承受者，表示“已经被”。The new school has been set up.新学校已经建成了。2.现在完成时被动语态的肯定式为：have/has+been+doneThe experiment has been done successfully.这个实验做得很成功。现在完成时被动语态的否定式为：have/has+not+been+doneToms novel has not been published.汤姆的小说还没有被出版。现在完成时被动语态的一般疑问句需将have/has提到主语的前面。Has his bike been repaired?他的自行车修好了吗？现在完成
3、时被动语态的特殊疑问句为：疑问词+have/has+been+doneWho has been invited?谁受到了邀请？现在完成时的被动语态表达以下两个概念：1.说话时已经完成的动作或出现的结果。2.主语是行为动作的承受者。现在完成时的被动语态由have/has beenv-ed构成，其中v-ed为过去分词，表示被动。I have been told about it many timesThe bridge has just been built在使用现在完成时的被动语态时要注意以下两点：1.过去分词前有两个助动词：have/has和been。2.必须表示被动。注意:1.副词的位置of
4、ten,usually,always,never,hardly,seldom等副词置于have/has和been中间。如:误 Such a man has been hardly believed.正 Such a man has hardly been believed.2.并不是所有动词都有被动语态(1)happen,take place,break out,belong to,cost,last等不及物动词或词组无被动语态。如：误 Great changes have been taken place in China since 1978.正 Great changes have ta
5、ken place in China since 1978.(2)open,break,drop等不强调动作发出者时常用主动语态。3.短语动词不可分割或省略其中的介词或副词。如：The patients have been taken good care of.4.一些特殊动词,如borrow,finish,begin,buy,start,return,marry,open,join等构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。若要表达相应的意思，则需改换动词或时态。如：My brother has had(不能用has bought)this bike for almost fo
6、ur years.How long has this book been bought?How long ago was this book bought?(1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。(2)把谓语变成被动结构(be过去分词)(根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式)。主动语态变被动语态的方法(3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语,将主格改为宾格。All the people laughed at him.He was laughed at by all the people.They make the bikes in the
7、 factory.The bikes are made by them in the factory.(4)双宾语动词变被动语态可将其中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个保留不动。主动：I have given him the key.被动：He has been given the key.被动：The key has been given(to)him.(5)带复合宾语的动词变被动语态时,只能将宾语变为主语,原来的宾补保留不动，改称主语补足语。主动：I have asked her to help you.被动：She has been asked to help you.1.When and w
8、here to go for the on-salary holiday _ yet.A.are not decided B.have not been decided C.is not being decided D.has not been decided单选2.Every possible means _ to prevent the air pollution,but the sky is still not clear.A.is used B.are used C.has been used D.have been used 3.All the preparations for th
9、e task _ and were ready to start.A.completed B.complete C.had been completed D.have been completed 4.Some new oilfields _ since 1976.A.were opened up B.has opened up C.have been opened up D.had been opened up 5.The silence of the library _ only by the sound of pages being turned over.A.has been brok
10、en B.breaks C.broke D.was broken 6._ the sports meet might be put off.Yes,it all depends on the weather.A.Ive been told B.Ive told C.Im told D.I toldTurn the following into the Passive Voice.1.We have planted some trees around the lake.2.My father has locked the door.3.Someone has turned off the lig
11、ht.Some trees have been planted around the lake.The light has been turned off.The door has been locked.4.They will hold the Olympic Games in London in the year 2012.5.They have rebuilt the bridge.The bridge has been rebuilt.The Olympic Games will be held in London in the year 2012.(1)误Many new build
12、ings been built since 1980.正Many new buildings have been built since 1980分析:谓语部分结构不全,时态部分不完整。试分析：(2)误Something bad has been happened to him.正Something bad has happened to him.分析:被动语态误用。happen为不及物动词，不及物动词没有被动语态。(3)误I have introduced to Mr Smith正I have been introduced to Mr Smith(by Mr Wang).分析:introd
13、uce为及物动词，I是introduce的承受者。(4)误The door has been opened of itself.正The door has opened of itself分析:有些动词如open，break，drop等既可以作及物动词，又可以作不及物动词，若不强调谁是动作的发出者，我们通常用主动语态。of itself意思是“自动地”，因此，此句不可用被动语态。Put the Chinese into English to complete the sentences.1.You can see the house _ _(未油漆)for years.2.How many w
14、orkers _ (已派遣)to build the railway?3.Why does Mary look so unhappy?She _(被嘲笑)by her classmates.has not beenpaintedhave been senthas been laughed at4.It is said that the house _ _(闯进了)by two thieves.5._ his views _(受到批判)by them?6.The two pens _ (未被拿走)by him.7.Where _ the television _ _(已经修理了)?Havebeen criticizedhave not been taken awayhasbeenrepairedbroken intohas been 8.The price of a color TV set _ _(降价了)again.9.What _(已被译成)into many foreign languages?been brought downhas has been translated
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