1、2021高考英语阅读之长难句分析与练习（五）Exercise 1：长难句分析1.The court gave their approval for the life support machines to be turned off and while this ruling left Terris parents feeling numb and others claiming that life is sacred, which no one has the right to end, many would say it was the right thing to do for Terr
2、i. 【句式翻译】 【句式分析】 【词语点拨】1)approval n.批准；同意，赞成 计划得到学校当局的认可。 我们希望计划能得到批准。2)approve v.同意，赞成 她父亲永远不会赞成她嫁给这样的懒人。【语法点拨】1)leave sb doing 让/使某人做，doing在这个结构中作宾补，和宾语sb是主动关系。如果宾语和宾补是被动关系，用leave done。如： 三番五次的失败使他们情绪非常低落。 他的答复我们都搞糊涂了。2）动词不定式或主语从句作主语时，为了保持句子结构的平衡，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语置于句末。it没有具体意义。如： 他竟然拒绝了我的邀请，真是遗憾！
3、理解这个英语节目难吗？2. Edmonds is the first African American ever to work as a full-time speechwriter for a U.S. president; he is also the first African American to serve as director of speechwriting for the White House. 【句式翻译】 【句式分析】 【词语点拨】serve v. 服务；用作；端上 我们发现桦树皮可以作纸用。 空姐们为乘客服务时总是满脸笑容。 请把你的书收拾一下以便我端上饭菜。【语
4、法点拨】动词不定式可以放在表示次序的词the first, the last等后面以及the only, the very, the right等词后面作定语, 且与这些词有逻辑上的主谓关系。结构为：the first/last /only/very/right/best/youngest .+n./pron. + to do sth，表示“第一个/最后一个/唯一的/恰好的/合适的/最好的/最年轻的做某事的人/物”。 如： 最后一个离开正在下沉的船的那个人是船长。 新西兰成为现代史上第一个允许妇女有选举权的国家。3. The Olympic spirit - the spirit of com
5、petition which emphasizes taking part rather than winning - has been violated by the desire to succeed at all costs. 【句式翻译】 【句式分析】 【词语点拨】rather than 与其；不愿；而不是。用于连接两个并列成分，连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词应与rather than 前面的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致 是汤姆而不是他的朋友们被选中。 与其说她买的这件羊毛衫便宜不如说它漂亮。 我决定发邮件而不是打电话。【语法点拨】有些名词后常跟不定式作定语，如：time, w
6、ay, right, reason, effort, chance, movement, ability, desire, tendency等。如： 谢谢你给我发言的机会。 格林先生能做到扬人之长。4. They are among the growing number of Americans who, driven by higher living costs and a falling economy (经济), have taken up vegetable gardening for the first time.【解析】 【翻译】 5. When you join the team
7、 in our Revenue Administration Unit, you will be providing assistance within all parts of the Revenue Division, dealing with post and other general duties.【解析】 【翻译】 Exercise 2：阅读练习Your house may have an effect on your figure. Experts say the way you design your home could play a role in whether you
8、pack on the pounds or keep them off. You can make your environment work for you instead of against you. Here are some ways to turn your home into part of your diet plan.Open the curtains and turn up the lights. Dark environments are more likely to encourage overeating, for people are often less self
9、conscious (难为情) when theyre in poorly lit placesand so more likely to eat lots of food. If your home doesnt have enough window light, get more lamps and flood the place with brightness.Mind the colors. Research suggests warm colors fuel our appetites. In one study, people who ate meals in a blue roo
10、m consumed 33 percent less than those in a yellow or red room. Warm colors like yellow make food appear more appetizing, while cold colors make us feel less hungry. So when its time to repaint, go blue.Dont forget the clockor the radio. People who eat slowly tend to consume about 70 fewer calories (
11、卡路里) per meal than those who rush through their meals. Begin keeping track of the time, and try to make dinner last at least 30 minutes. And while youre at it, actually sit down to eat. If you need some help slowing down, turn on relaxing music. It makes you less likely to rush through a meal.Downsi
12、ze the dishes. Big serving bowls and plates can easily make us fat. We eat about 22 percent more when using a 12inch plate instead of a 10inch plate. When we choose a large spoon over a smaller one, total intake (摄入) jumps by 14 percent. And well pour about 30 percent more liquid into a short, wide
13、glass than a tall, skinny glass.1.The text is especially helpful for those who care about _.A.their home comfortsB.their body shapeC.house buyingD.healthy diets2.A home environment in blue can help people _.A.digest food betterB.reduce food intakeC.burn more caloriesD.regain their appetites3.What ar
14、e people advised to do at mealtimes?A.Eat quickly.B.Play fast music.C.Use smaller spoons.D.Turn down the lights.4.What can be a suitable title for the text?A.Is Your House Making You Fat?B.Ways of Serving DinnerC.Effects of SelfConsciousnessD.Is Your Home Environment Relaxing?参考答案1.【句式翻译】法院批准把生命供养机关
15、掉，虽然此项裁决使得Terri的父母感到吃惊，而且使其他人声称生命是神圣的，没有人有权力将其终止，但是许多人都会说这对Terri来说是一件正确的事情。【句式分析】本句是复合句,while引导让步状语从句，that引导宾语从句，which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词life，feeling numb和claiming宾补，it在句中代替to do for作形式主语。The plan had the approval of the school authorities. We expected our plan to meet with approval. Her father will ne
16、ver approve of her marrying such a lazy fellow. Repeated failure had left them feeling very discouraged.His reply left us all rather confused. It is a pity that he should refuse my invitation. Is it difficult to understand the English program. 2. 【句式翻译】埃德蒙兹是第一个非洲裔美国人作为全职演讲撰稿人为美国总统工作。他也是第一位非洲裔美国人作为演讲
17、撰稿人总监为白宫工作。【句式分析】本句包含有两个由分号分隔开的分句,不定式短语to work和to serve都作定语，修饰the first African American。We found that birch bark could serve as paper. Air hostesses all smile when they serve the passengers. Please clear your books away so that I can serve dinner. The last man to leave the sinking ship was the capt
18、ain. New Zealand was the first nation in modern times to allow women to vote. 3. 【句式翻译】奥林匹克精神强调参与而不是取胜的竞技精神已经被为成功而不惜一切代价的愿望所亵渎。【句式分析】本句是复合句,which引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词spirit，to succeed修饰desire，作定语。Tom rather than his friends has been chosen. The sweater she bought was beautiful rather than cheap. I decided
19、 to send an e-mail rather than telephone. Thank you for giving me a chance to make a speech. Mr. Green has the ability to bring out the best in others. 4. 【解析】句子主干是They are among the growing number of Americans。“driven by higher”是过去分词短语作定语，修饰Americans；“who, have taken up vegetable gardening for the
20、first time”是定语从句，修饰Americans。【翻译】越来越多的美国人迫于生活成本的上升和经济的衰退，首次开始经营蔬菜园子，他们就在其中。6. 【解析】when引导的是时间状语从句；“dealing with”是现在分词短语作伴随状语。【翻译】当你加入我们财务管理单位的这团队，你将协助财务部各部门的工作，处理邮件和其他日常事务。【解析】想要减肥，除了少吃外，还和房间有关系。建议有4条：1.房间要明亮；2.用冷色系会减少食欲；3.放一些舒缓的音乐就餐；4. 用小的碗碟。1.B 推理判断题。根据全文第一段Here are some ways to turn your home into
21、 part of your diet plan.可知，这篇文章更可能是对那些在乎自己的体型的人有帮助。故选B。2.B 细节理解题。根据第三段第二句话in one study,可知在蓝色的房间内人吃的相对较少。故选B。3.C 推理判断题。最后一段介绍，要想少吃，要用小碗小勺，前面介绍说到，吃得快，房间暗会增加饮食，放舒缓的音乐有助于减少饮食的速度和进食量。故选C。4.A主旨大意题。根据开头的后文Here are some ways to turn your home into part of your diet plan.可知，本文就房间的布置给那些想减肥的人士提了一些建议。所以选A可以更好地概括全文。