1、高考题型之七书面表达书面表达是一个高度综合性的题目，旨在考查考生的英语表达能力，看其是否能够运用所学的英语知识和掌握的技能进行思想交流。书面表达的质量，很大程度上反映了考生的英语水平，也是高考成败的一个重要砝码。请同学们分析下面近四年新课标试卷对书面表达考查内容的分布情况：命题轨迹命题规律与趋势2013新课标2014新课标2015新课标2016新课标1.体裁：交际应用文是主打。多数以书信或电子邮件形式进行控制性或半开放性考查，也会出现其他体裁的写作，比如：日记、通知、记叙文、议论文和说明文等。题材：体现“三贴”原则，时代感强。“三贴”原则，即贴近时代，贴近生活，贴近考生。书面表达的题目设计将更
2、加符合学生的认知水平和日常生活经历。题材内容大都是与中学生学习生活密切相关的活动，尤其是学校的课堂学习、课外活动、课题讲座、中外联谊、同学友谊等。2.形式：提示型、半开放式是主流。写作要求和提示简明，完全摒弃原来的“翻译型”命题，题目设置一般都会提供简要提示、寓意图画或一段英文以提供必要的情景，同时又给考生留出了很大的发挥余地和空间，使其个性张扬。甲乙丙体裁书信书信书信征文书信邮件书信书信邮件话题询问是否可以接机询问朋友代卖中国结暑假去英国学习十年后的我征稿邀请去敬老院征求摄影作品请求对方修饰材料因不能赴约而道歉类型提纲提纲图表开放提纲提纲提纲提纲提纲评分细则1.本题总分为25分，按5个档次给
3、分。2.评分时，先根据文章的内容和语言初步确定其所属档次，然后以该档次的要求来衡量、确定或调整档次，最后给分。3.词数少于80和多于120的，从总分中减去2分。4.评分时，应注意的主要内容为：内容要点、应用词汇和语法结构的数量和准确性、上下文的连贯性及语言的得体性。5.拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个方面，评分时，应视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑。英、美拼写词汇用法均可接受。6.如书写较差，以至影响交际，将分数降低一个档次。7.内容要点可用不同方式表达，对紧扣主题的适当发挥不予扣分。第五档(很好)：(2125分)1.完全完成了试题规定的任务。2.覆盖所有内容要点。3.应用了较多的语法结构和词汇。
4、4.语法结构或词汇方面有些许错误，但为尽力使用较复杂结构或较高级词汇所致；具备较强的语言运用能力。5.有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑。6.完全达到了预期的写作目的。第四档(好)：(1620分)1.完成了试题规定的任务。2.虽漏掉一、两个次重点，但覆盖所有主要内容。3.应用的语法结构和词汇能满足任务的要求。4.语法结构或词汇方面应用基本准确，些许错误主要是因尝试较复杂语法结构或词汇所致。5.应用简单的语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑。6.达到了预期的写作目的。第三档(适当)：(1115分)1.基本完成了试题规定的任务。2.虽漏掉一些内容，但覆盖所有主要内容。3.应用的语法结构和词汇
5、能满足任务的要求。4.有一些语法结构或词汇方面的错误，但不影响理解。5.应用简单的语句间的连接成分，使全文内容连贯。6.基本达到了预期的写作目的。第二档(较差)：(610分)1.未恰当完成试题规定的任务。2.漏掉或未描述清楚一些主要内容，写了一些无关内容。3.语法结构单调、词汇项目有限。4.有一些语法结构或词汇方面的错误，影响了对写作内容的理解。5.较少使用语句间的连接成分，内容缺少连贯性。6.信息未能清楚地传达给读者。第一档(差)：(15分)1.未完成试题规定的任务。2.明显遗漏主要内容，写了一些无关内容，原因可能是未理解试题要求。3.语法结构单调、词汇项目有限。4.较多语法结构或词汇方面的
6、错误，影响对写作内容的理解。5.缺乏语句间的连接成分，内容不连贯。6.信息未能传达给读者。不给分：(0分)1.未能传达给读者任何信息。2.内容太少，无法评判。3.写的内容均与所要求内容无关或所写内容无法看清。4.抄袭试卷前文中的内容。一、研读评卷细则，把握评分标准俗话说“知己知彼，方能百战不殆”。要想写出一篇优秀的书面表达，首先必须要明白的一个问题就是：什么样的书面表达才是优秀的？那么这个问题就涉及评分细则了。高考英语书面表达部分的评分细则表面上看比较详细，实际上具有相当大的灵活性。在各个档次里都有一些有弹性的语言，而对于这些有弹性的语言的理解，评卷者只能是把它作为一个总的原则，即在给考生的作
7、文定档时做参考，至于考生的作文到底能得多少分，就要依照具体的情况而定了。因此，把握评分标准尤其是高分书面表达的评分标准是十分必要的。笔者认为，对高考书面表达的评分细则可以从以下几个方面来理解：1信息的量。所要求的要点都在所写的作文之中。2信息的质。句式正确；用词得当；语法无误。3行文连贯。布局合理；层次清楚；细节严谨；衔接自然。4句式丰富。对一些高档的表达方式的运用(如被动句、倒装、强调、非谓语动词和一些从句)。5书写规范。卷面整洁，大小写、标点运用正确，至少卷面不影响交际。在这五点中，最为看重的是句子的结构，因为它是保证评卷者能顺利读完考生作文的最重要保证。在评价一名考生的书面表达写得如何差
8、时，评卷者最爱表明的理由是“没有一、两个正确的句子”。这足以表明句子结构的重要性。二、规范答题步骤，锻造满分作文1仔细审题，吃透要求。审题是非常重要的一个环节，包括审要求、审文体、审人称、审时态等。(1)审要求。要特别注意高考书面表达题中的“注意”一项，因为这是命题人对考生提出的具体要求。对于试题提供的提纲、图画或图表，考生要进行认真分析，反复推敲，抓住要表达的信息点，特别是时间、地点、人物姓名等不能随意更改，否则会被扣分，甚至会被以泄露机密论处。(2)审文体。根据考纲要求，文体形式有记叙文、说明文、议论文和应用文。试题要求写的是何种文体，必须弄清楚，因为文体不同，书写的格式和语言特征也不同。
9、(3)审人称。书面表达中的人称关系非常重要，要按要求用第一人称或者用第二、三人称来写，用合适的身份，口气或语气表达。(4)审时态。根据要求来确定文章应该主要采用什么时态。如果是日记，时态应以过去时为主；如果是书信，时态应以一般现在时为主；如果是说明文，也是以一般现在时为主。2要点齐全，滴水不漏。一篇高分或者满分书面表达必须要点齐全，遗漏要点要扣分，因为评分标准最高档的要求就有“覆盖所有知识要点”。要想做到要点齐全，在动手写作之前，必须先把试题中所有要点以提纲式列出来，然后把它们组成句子，再根据逻辑关系重新排列顺序。3开头出彩，结尾精妙。现在的高考书面表达对于开头和结尾的命题有两种形式。一种是提
10、供了开头和结尾，特别是应用文体，命题者并不在写作格式上对考生进行考查，因为那样会让考生陷入记忆大量的写作格式的局面。另一种就是需要考生自己来组织开头和结尾。好的开始是成功的一半，开好头、起好步对书面表达至关重要，好的开头会让阅卷老师的眼睛为之一“亮”。开头常见的方式包括开门见山、以俗语谚语或直接引语引出等，当然也可以以疑问句、套语开头。文章能否得高分，关键还要看结尾，好的结尾能起到画龙点睛的作用。文章的结尾应根据不同体裁而定，或总结全文，或表明对所叙述的人或事的态度，适可而止，但千万不能草草收场，结尾一定要显得水到渠成。4词汇高级，结构复杂。有句英语谚语说：“Variety is the sp
11、ice of life.(多样化是生活的调味品。)”同样，英语书面表达的用词也应尽量多样化，避免重复使用同一个单词和短语，并尽量多地使用“较高级词汇”。“较高级词汇”并不是生僻或怪异的词汇，而是考生在高中阶段所学的、在英语报纸、杂志中出现频率较高的词汇，即“高频词”。使用“较高级词汇”能使文章意思表达更清楚、语言更贴切、写作更上档次。(1)精选词汇。在写作中使用通过构词法变化而来的新词、同(近)义词或反义词等来代替常见词语。如：在周末我们要做很多作业。At weekends, we have endless homework to do.(替代a lot of)洗手间和厨房都很好。The ba
12、throom and the kitchen are wellfurnished.(替代very good)(2)巧用习语。英语中有大量习语，如果运用得当，则可大大增加文章的感染力，考生要在平时学习的过程中不断积累。如：Many families struggle to make ends meet.很多家庭只能勉强维持生计。He turned a deaf ear to what I said.他对我的话充耳不闻。(3)用短语代替单词。英语中的同义词很多，在表达的时候，考生应尽量用短语代替单词。如：I have made up my mind to study English better
13、this term.(同义词：decide)I have no idea how to enlarge my vocabulary.(同义词：dont know)(4)使用特殊句式为文章增色。要想在书面表达中得高分，考生除了要做到要点陈述齐全和语言准确以外，还必须适当地使用较复杂的句子结构或较高级的词汇。句式单一、缺乏生机的文章不可能得高分。以下三种手段是增加句子复杂性的常用方法。改变句子开头的方式，不要一味地都是主语开头，接着是谓语、宾语和状语。可以把状语置于句首或用非谓语动词作状语等。如：原文We met at the school gate and went there together
14、 early in the morning.修正Early in the morning we met at the school gate and went there together.原文The young man couldnt help crying when he heard the bad news.修正Hearing the bad news, the young man couldnt help crying.在整篇文章中，避免只使用一两个句式，要灵活运用倒装句、强调句、主从复合句等。复合句可以把结构松散的句子连接起来，从而使表达显得更加高级。a定语从句原文Mary is a
15、 girl in Class 1.She speaks English very fluently.修正Mary is a girl in Class 1, who speaks English very fluently.b状语从句原文The doctor arrived there in time.The boy was saved.It was not too late.修正The boy was saved because the doctor arrived there before it was too late.c名词性从句(包括主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句)原文Xi
16、ao Ming was always late for school.His teacher didnt know why.修正His teacher didnt know why Xiao Ming was always late for school.d强调句原文My parents praised Tom warmly.He had saved my little sister bravely.修正My parents praised Tom warmly.It was he who had saved my little sister bravely.e倒装句原文We can achi
17、eve our goal only in this way.修正Only in this way can we achieve our goal.原文I have never seen such a wonderful film before.修正Never before have I seen such a wonderful film.(5)通过使用非谓语动词、with复合结构等，增强句子的连贯性和表现力。ait作形式主语和形式宾语原文To reduce pollution and keep the earth clean is our responsibility.修正It is our
18、 responsibility to reduce pollution and keep the earth clean.b分词短语原文We had a short rest.Then we began to play happily.We sang and danced.Some told stories.Some played chess.修正After a short rest, we had great fun singing and dancing, telling stories and playing chess.cwith复合结构with复合结构由“with名词/代词分词/不定
19、式/形容词/副词/介词短语”构成，通常在句中作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、方式和伴随状况等。有时，with复合结构也可作后置定语。如：With the College Entrance Examination drawing near, many of us are getting more and more nervous.(with复合结构表示伴随状况)They came to a small village with mountains all around it.(with复合结构作后置定语)d独立主格结构独立主格结构由“名词/代词分词/不定式/形容词/副词/介词短语”构成，通常在句中
20、作状语。使用独立主格结构也是提升书面表达档次、获取高分的重要手段。如：If time permits, you can pay a visit to the Summer Palace.我们可把句中的条件状语从句改为独立主格结构：Time permitting, you can pay a visit to the Summer Palace.使表达更加灵活。5书写工整，卷面整洁。常言道：“字好文一半”，这种说法在高考英语书面表达中虽然有些言过其实，但书写的好坏与卷面的整洁与否直接影响考生的成绩，却是不争的事实。书写不好会给阅卷老师留下很坏的第一印象，分数会降低一个档次甚至更多。在写作时，要注
21、意以下几点：(1)英语字母不要写得过大或过小，字母大小一致，单词之间空一个字母的距离，否则会无法辨认。要特别注意，在字母连写的时候不要把a写得像o，把e写得像c，把r写得像v等。(2)行与行之间要平行，不要忽上忽下。(3)不要漏写、错写单词或标点符号。(4)文章要合理分段，切忌把全部内容写成一段。一般要分为三段：第一段，根据题目要求用一两个过渡性的句子引出下文；第二段，承接上文，进入主题，按题目要求适当发挥；第三段，用一两个总结、概括性的句子结束全文。(5)字迹清晰，卷面整洁，行文尽量做到一气呵成，不再修改。描述事件型模板一模板二某件事情 happened/took place/was hel
22、d/was organized in 地点 时间. 某人或某些人 影响或结果。事情的起因. At first, 发展过程一Then, 发展过程二Whats more/worse, 发展过程三In the end, 发展过程四Hearing/Seeing this, 人们的反应I think/suggest that we shall 要做的事情人物介绍型As we all know, 人名is considered to be one of the greatest 职业或者身份Born into a 家庭状况family, 人名 had to 生活状况When he was a small
23、boy he showed a great interest in 某个领域But 现实情况Thanks to the help of 某人， he was able to continue his education.Between 时间 and 时间， he studied at 地点From 时间 to 时间，he first worked as 职业， and then he became 职业He was praised/honored for 成就He devoted himself to scientific research and made great contributio
24、ns to 某个领域He was awarded 奖项for his 成就组织活动型Im very glad 组织过的活动Last Tuesday, it happened to be that 活动想法的来源， saying that 具体活动So I think I should do something for it.The next day, I put up a notice in my community, 号召活动And all my neighbours took part in it actively.Soon, 活动带来的结果In this activity, I see
25、活动带来的感悟社会调查型Recently I have done a survey on 调查的主题According to the survey, 介绍调查的情况，while介绍调查的其他情况There are chiefly three reasons for it.Firstly, 原因一Secondly, 原因二Apart from the above reasons, 原因三In my opinion, I think 建议要做的事情及原因Whats more/Besides/Moreover, 介绍另外一个建议不同观点列举型(选择型)There is a widespread co
26、ncern over the issue that 作文题目But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person.A majority of people think that 观点一In their opinion there are two factors contributing to this attitude as follows.In the first place, 原因一In the second place, 原因二So it goes with
27、out saying that 观点一The other people, however, differ in their opinion on this matter.They hold the idea that 观点二In their point of view, on the one hand, 原因一； on the other hand, 原因二Therefore, there is no doubt that 观点二As far as I am concerned, I firmly support the view that 观点一或观点二It is not only beca
28、use 原因一，but also because 原因二The more_， the more_.利弊型模板一Nowadays, there is a widespread concern over 讨论议题In fact, there are both advantages and disadvantages in 讨论议题Generally speaking, it is widely that there are several positive aspects as follows.Firstly, 优点一And secondly, 优点二Just as a popular sayin
29、g goes，“Every coin has two sides.”讨论议题is no exception, and in another word, it still had negative aspects.To begin with, 缺点一In addition，缺点二To sum up, we should try to make full use of the advantages of 讨论议题 and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time.In that case, we will definitely
30、 make a better use of 讨论议题模板二Nowadays, many people prefer 某种事物， because it plays a significant role in our daily life.Generally, its advantages can be seen as follows.First, 某种事物的优点一Besides, 某种事物的优点二But every coin has two sides.The negative aspects are also apparent.One of the important disadvantage
31、s is that 某种事物的缺点一To make matters worse, 某种事物的缺点二Through the above analysis, I believe that the positive aspects overwhelm the negative ones.Therefore, I would like to 我的看法From the comparison between these positive and negative effects of 某种事物， we should take it reasonably and do it according to the
32、 circumstances we are in.Only in this way, 对前景的预测谚语警句型It is well known to us that the proverb 谚语 has profound significance and value not only in our job but also in our study.It means 谚语的含义The saying can be illustrated through the example 例子Therefore, it goes without saying that it is of great impor
33、tance to practice the proverb 谚语With the rapid development of science and technology in China, an increasing number of people come to realize that it is also of practical use to stick to the saying, 谚语The more we are aware of the significance of this famous saying, the more benefits we will get in o
34、ur daily study and job.话题型模板一Nowadays, there are more and more 某种现象 in 某种场合It is estimated that 相关数据Why have there been so many 某种现象？Maybe the reasons can be listed as follows.The first one is 原因一Besides, 原因二The third one is 原因三To sum up, the main cause of 某种现象 is due to最主要的原因It is high time that so
35、mething was done.On the one hand, 解决办法一On the other hand, 解决办法二All these measures will certainly reduce the number of 某种现象模板二Recently, what amazes us most is 某种现象It is true that 某种现象There are many reasons explaining 某种现象The main reason is 原因一What is more, 原因二Thirdly, 原因三As a result结果Considering all
36、these, 应采取的措施For one thing, 措施一；for another, 措施二In conclusion, 结论模板三模板四Dear 收信人，I feel very sorry/glad/pleased to write to you.We went to/visited 地点， where we found 情况We took 交通工具/went地点by交通工具 with 人 for 事由When we 做某事， we saw 某种情况I also found 另外一种情况Whats more/worse, some even discovered 第三种情况In a wo
37、rd, it was 看法Therefore, I hope that希望 so that we can 目的。对比观点型1要求论述两个对立的观点并给出自己的看法。The topic of 主题 is becoming more and more popular recently.There is a difference of opinion about it.Some people say A is their favorite.They hold their view for the reason of 支持A的理由一What is more, 理由二Finally, 理由三While
38、others think that B is a better choice for the following three reasons.Firstly, 支持B的理由一Secondly/Besides, 理由二Thirdly/Finally, 理由三I think 我的观点The reason is that 理由2给出一个观点，要求考生反对这一观点。模板一Some people believe that 观点For example, they think 举例说明And it will bring them 为他们带来的好处However, I never think this rea
39、son can be the point.For one thing, 我不同意该看法的理由一； for another, 反对的理由二From all what I have said, I agree to the thought that 我对文章所讨论的主题的看法模板二Dear收信人，Im sorry to hear that 不好的事，某件有害健康的事is common in our daily life.In fact, it is 论点Some people say that 他人的观点， because 理由If 与前面相反的情况， they will/wont 虚拟的结果。H
40、owever, I think 本人的观点We can see that事实around us.Since they 他人的事情， they have got 结果If they 与前面相反的情况， they may 虚拟的结果Therefore, we should 结论I hope we 希望或祝愿阐明主题型The gold old proverb 名言(或主题)reminds us that 释义Indeed, we can learn many things from it.First of all, 理由一For example, 举例说明Secondly, 理由二Another c
41、ase is that 举例说明In short, whatever you do, please remember the proverb 名言(或主题)If you understand it and apply it to your study or work, youll necessarily benefit a lot from it.解决问题型模板一As you know, I like 某一科目， and do well in it.Therefore, Id like to share my method of how I 学好某一科目 with you.I think th
42、e first thing is第一件要做的事Then, 第二件要做的事Whats more 第三件要做的事Last but not the least, 第四件要做的事Only in this way can we 结果或效果I hope that 希望模板二As Im good at 某一科目， and often get good grades in 某一科目tests, our teacher asks me to talk about how I 学好某一科目What I first do is that 所做的第一件事When I 某个时候， I always 所做的第二件事Bes
43、ides, I often 所做的第三件事It is this method that helps me to learn 某一科目well.Im sure this method also suits you, and if you follow it in your 某一科目study, you will certainly learn it well.I hope that祝愿soon.模板三In recent days, we have to face a problem问题的内容， which is becoming more and more serious.First, 说明该问
44、题的现状Second, 进一步举例说明现状Confronted with该问题， we should take a series of effective measures to cope with the situation.For one thing, 解决方法一； for another, 解决方法二Finally, 解决方法三I believe that我的方法能解决该问题Consequently, Im confident that a bright future is awaiting us because 这些措施带来的好处模板四Currently, there is a wid
45、espread concern over the issue that 作文题目It is really an important concern to every one of us.Therefore, we must spare no effort to take some measures to solve this problem.As we know that there are many steps which can be taken to solve this problem.First of all, 途径一In addition, another way contribu
46、ting to the success of solving the problem is 途径二All in all, to solve the problem of 作文题目， we should find a number of various ways.But as far as I am concerned, I would prefer to solve the problem in this way, that is to say, 方法应聘求职型模板一模板二Dear收信人，Im glad/happy/pleased to know that 招聘信息 from 某个地方I fi
47、nd it very interesting, so Im writing to ask you if 我可以应聘某个职位I was born in 地点 in 时间时间， I graduated from 学校名称， where I studied 科目for 时间段. On the other hand, I worked in 公司或工厂， and now I have much experience in 做哪方面的工作Meanwhile, Im 与此项工作相关的性格、爱好Therefore, Im sure that Im fit for the job.I hope that 给予
48、从事这项工作的机会If I am lucky enough 来这里工作， I will 计划、打算或决心Im looking forward to your reply soon.Yours sincerely，写信人模板三模板四Dear Sir or Madame，Thank you for reading the letter.My name is 姓名， a 身份 doing sth.Today, Im writing to you, trying to know if目的Im sure I can do 所应聘的工作 well for three reasons.Firstly, 理由
49、一Secondly, 理由二Thirdly, 理由三Therefore, if you are kind enough, please take me into consideration.Im looking forward to your reply soon.Thank you!Yours sincerely，写信人模板五Your addressMonth, Date, YearReceivers addressDear 收信人，I am extremely pleased to see your advertisement for the position in 某个地方And I w
50、ould like to write a letter to tell you that 目的/I am confident that I am suitable for the kind of the 工作 you are advertising./I feel I am competent to meet the requirements you have listed.On the one hand 理由一On the other hand 理由二I am enclosing my resume for your kind consideration and reference.I sh
51、all be much obliged if you offer me a precious opportunity to have an interview./I will greatly appreciate a response from you at your earliest convenience./I am looking forward to your reply at your earliest convenience.Best regards!Yours sincerely，写信人书面通知型Title(Notice/NOTICE)In order to 目的，事件 will
52、 be held 具体地点、时间The 事件大体内容Those who 要求All are welcome to join in the 事件Students Union(发布通知者)Date(通知发布日期)图画型模板一As can be seen from the picture(s), there is a widespread concern over the issue that作文主题句But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person.A major
53、ity of people think that观点一In their views there are two factors contributing to this attitude as follows.In the first place，原因一Furthermore/In the second place，原因二So it goes without saying that观点一People, however, differ in their opinions on this matter.Some people hold the idea that观点二In their point
54、of view, on the one hand，原因一On the other hand，原因二As far as Im concerned, I firmly support the view that观点一或观点二It is not only because_， but also because_.The more_， the more_.模板二It seems to me that the cartoon/drawing is sending a message about_(图画内容), which reveals_(稍作评价)In my view, _(表明个人观点)Apparen
55、tly, _(将个人观点和图片内容相结合，得出观点)For one thing, _(从社会角度论证)For another thing, _(从个人角度说明)For example, _(自己、朋友或他人，只要自己知道或听过的例子)Last but not least, _(从反面角度谈论)As a result, the drawer of the illustration is urging us to_(建议或措施)Only in this way can we_(展望结果)In conclusion, _(再次表明观点或态度)We should_(进一步说明个人的观点)图表型模板一A
56、s is shown/indicated/illustrated by the figure/percentage in the table(graph/picture/pie/chart), 作文题目的主题 has been on rise(goes up/increases/drops/decreases)，significantly/dramatically/steadily rising/decreasing from_% in年to_% in年From the sharp/marked rise/decline in the chart, it goes without saying
57、 that 现象总结There are at least two good reasons accounting for_.On the one hand, _.On the other hand, _is due to the fact that_.In addition, _is responsible for_.(Maybe there are some other reasons to show_.But it is generally believed that the above mentioned reasons are commonly convincing.)As far a
58、s I am concerned, I hold the point of view that_.模板二The chart gives us an overall picture of the 图表主题The first thing we notice is that 图表最大的特点This means that as 进一步说明We can see from the statistics given that 图表细节一After ving 细节一中的第一个变化，the ved幅度时间紧跟着的变化The figures also tell us that 图表细节二In the column
59、, we can see that accounts for 进一步描述Judging from these figures, we can draw the conclusion that 结论The reason for this, as far as I am concerned is that 给出原因It is high time that we 发出倡议专题十四书面表达之提纲类【写作话题】高考24话题之(十四)：历史与地理(History and geography)上个星期你班同学就“现代社会是否需要孔子精神”进行了一次讨论。讨论结果如下表所示。请根据表中内容写一篇120词左右的
60、英语短文。参考词汇：孔子思想：Confucian thought正方60%的同学认为，世界各国对孔子的研究愈来愈热，反映了人们对其思想的重视；孔子思想推动了世界和平的发展。反方40%的同学认为孔子思想诞生于几千年前，早已过时。孔子思想在某种意义上限制了社会的发展。你的观点语法填空语法改错Last week we had a discussion about _we still need Confucian thought in modern society.For one thing, more and more people in different countries are bursti
61、ng to study it, _(show) that it is still treasured in the world.About 60% of the students in my class think necessary to study Confucian thought.For another, Confucian thought has believed to have made great contribution to the peace of human beings.About 40% of the students in my class insist Confu
62、cian thought be outdated.范文背诵Last week we had a discussion about whether we still need Confucian thought in modern society.About 60% of the students in my class think it necessary to study Confucian thought.For one thing, more and more people in different countries are bursting to study it, showing
63、that it is still treasured in the world.For another, Confucian thought is believed to have made great contributions to the peace of human beings.But every coin has two sides.About 40% of the students in my class insist Confucian thought is outdated.In a way it limits the development of the world.Dif
64、ferent people have different opinions.I think Confucian thought still has some positive effects on our society.自主空间根据范文画线部分仿写下面情景：上一周我们就中学生是否该在校园内使用手机进行了一次讨论。_古代中国被认为为世界科技的发展做出了巨大的贡献。_【自主诊断】语法填空：whethershowing语法改错：necessary前面加形式主语ithas改为is；contribution改为contributionsbe改为is自主空间：Last week, we had a di
65、scussion about whether middle school students should use mobile phones in campus.Ancient China is believed to have made great contributions to the scientific development of the world.限时25分钟(2016新课标乙卷)假定你是李华，暑假想去一家外资公司兼职，已写好申请书和个人简历(resume)。给外教Ms. Jenkins写信，请她帮你修改所附材料的文字和格式(format)。注意：1.词数100左右；2可以适当
66、增加细节，已使行文连贯。_审题谋篇审文体本文是一篇求助书信，文章没有给出开头和结尾，所以我们要注意书信的格式，包括称呼语，正文以及结束语等。审人称第一人称与第二人称审时态表示打算的句子将来时；表示已完成的事情用现在完成时；表示现在的状况用现在时。列要点第一段：自主介绍写信目的。第二段：暑假打算(目的打算)；申请与简历已写好，但对文字与格式没有把握，请对方帮助修改(用请求句型)。第三段：客套语句。范文展示Dear Ms. Jenkins, I am Li Hua, I am writing to tell you something about my plan for the coming su
67、mmer vacation and I also want you to do me a favor.In order to get some practical experience, I am planning to take a parttime job in a foreign capital company.I have already finished my application and resume.But this is the first time that I have written an application and the personal resume, so
68、I dont know if there is something to pay attention to.So, Im writing you the letter, hoping you can give me some help.I will be very grateful if you can do me the favor.Looking forward to your reply.And Id be really thankful.Yours，Li Hua名师点睛本文是一篇较为优秀的范文。格式正确，要点全面，语言通顺流畅，很好地完成了写作任务。在本文中开头提出写信的目的，然后具体
69、讲述自己的困难，再提出请求，最后表达自己的感激之情。所以在内容上逻辑性较强。此外，作者还使用了不定式短语In order to get some practical experience、现在分词短语hoping you can give me some help、宾语从句if there are something to pay attention to等。经典句式this is the first time that I have written an application and the personals resume也是文章的亮点所在。全国新课标高考评卷组长评书面表达1总体评价这次
70、书面表达题，对不同水平的考生都有不同程度地发挥空间，话题适用，难度适中。2得分情况平均分：12.25分正态分布：主要集中在1120分之间，中间得分多，两头相对较少。3主要问题审题不清，写成了求职信和申请书；用词不准，特别是副词和介词的错误较多；时态语态意识不强；篇章意识不强，主次不分，逻辑混乱，关联词语用得牵强；文体前后不一致，如前面正式用语，后面又是日常用语(如你帮我修改，我请你吃饭)；书写不规范。4备考启示提高学生的审题能力；重视基本句型，基本的语法结构；加强篇章意识；注意文体意识；规范书写；要求考生不能透露个人信息。.题型特点分析1命题常以短文提示、要点提示和表格提示三种形式呈现。2考查
71、形式以书信(电子邮件)、通知、日记、报道等为主，但体裁多变，记叙文、议论文、应用文都会牵涉到，且题材多贴近学生生活。3写作内容以提纲的形式分割成独立的信息块，所给的提纲既是独立的要点，又体现了文章的层次，是全文写作的思路。.技巧微课【规范答题步骤】1认真审题和分析所给的提纲，认清题目和提纲之间的关系，然后确定文章的主题、内容以及文体。2每一个提纲可以作为文章的一个段落层次，段落的展开围绕提纲的中心内容，不能偏离，也不能任意增减。3提纲只是对文章的提示和概括，不是主题句。这需要根据提纲的性质，写出完整的、体现提纲主旨的句子，使之成为主题句。然后围绕主题句进行扩展。4收集材料支持主题句。材料可以是
72、事实、例证、亲身经历、名人名言、谚语警句等。应当注意的是，所选材料要与文章的主题相符，即要“扣题”。同时要具有典型性，能充分说明问题。在有多个例证的段落中，还要注意各个例证之间的连贯性。.写作素材1常用句式(1)开头常用句式We had a heated discussion about/on.With the development of.At present, there is a widespread concern that.Modern technology has many advantages.Im very glad to have the chance to speak he
73、re.It is often said that.(2)衔接常用句式The main reason why.is that.The reasons are as follows.Take.for example.Besides, we should not neglect that.Wonderful as.is, however, it has its own disadvantages as well.As far as Im concerned, Im in favor of the first/second view.(3)结尾常用句式Taking all these into acc
74、ount/consideration, we may safely reach the conclusion that.So we must take measures to.【得高分的五项基本原则】1长短句原则长短句结合，让人觉得抑扬顿挫！如果我们把短句放在段首或者段末，也可以揭示主题：As a creature, I eat; as a man, I read.Although one action is to meet the primary need of my body and the other is to satisfy the intellectual need of mind
75、, they are in a way quite similar.建议：在文章第一段(开头)用一长一短，且先长后短；在文章主体部分，要先用一个短句解释主要意思，然后在阐述几个要点的时候采用先短后长的句群形式，定会让主体部分妙笔生辉！文章结尾一般用一长一短就可以了。2主题句原则写作时，一定要写一个主题句，放在文章的开头(保险型)或者结尾，让读者一目了然。不要隐藏主体句。To begin with, you must work hard at your lessons and be fully prepared before the exam(主题句)Without sufficient pre
76、paration, you can hardly expect to answer all the questions correctly.3一二三原则阅卷老师看文章也必然要通过一、二、三的这些关键性的“标签”来判定你的文章是否结构清楚，条理自然。所有我们只要把下面任何一组的词汇加入到写作中几个要点前就清楚了。要熟练运用下面的短语，会给你的作品增添色彩。(1)to begin with, then, furthermore, finally(2)to start with, next, in addition, finally(3)first and foremost, besides, la
77、st but not least(4)most important of all, moreover, finally(5)on the one hand, on the other hand(6)for one thing, for another thing4多变句式原则(1)恰当使用表示并列、递进、转折等逻辑意义的并列连词和从属连词，如：and, or, so, therefore, not only.but also., either.or., neither.nor., however, nonetheless, anyway, etc.(2)故意写出失衡句(头重脚轻，或者头轻脚重)
78、 失衡的句子易引起阅读老师的注意和兴趣，会让他们感到你的句子与众不同。其实就是主语从句，表语从句，宾语从句的变形。This is what I can do.Whether he can go with us or not is not sure.5挑战极限原则在我们的作品中，所使用的语句要适当出现独立主格结构、强调句和倒装句，这会使得我们的表述跌宕起伏，具有动感。The weather being fine, a large number of people went to climb the Western Hills.Not only should we care for the env
79、ironment, but help others to do the same as well.It is not until the more and more fish die that we realize the problems of water pollution.限时45分钟A(2016新课标甲卷)假定你是李华，你校摄影俱乐部(photography club)将举办国际中学摄影展。请给你的英国朋友Peter写封信，请他提供作品。信的内容包括：1主题：环境保护；2展览时间；3投稿邮箱：intlphotoshow.。注意：1.词数100左右；2可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。_参
80、考范文Dear Peter, Our school photography club is going to hold an International High School Student Photography Show.The theme of the show is environmental protection.It will start from June 15th and last three weeks.Any student who is interested in welcome to participate.I know you take good pictures
81、and youve always wanted to do something for environmental protection.I remember you showed me some photos on that theme the last time you visited our school.This is surely a good chance for more people to see them.If you want to join, you can send your photos to intlphotoshow.Hope to hear from you s
82、oon.Yours，Li HuaB(2016新课标丙卷)假定你是李华，与留学生朋友Bob约好一起去书店，因故不能赴约。请给他写封邮件，内容包括：1表示歉意；2说明原因；3另约时间。注意：1.词数100左右；2可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。_参考范文Dear Bob, Im sorry to say that I cannot go to the bookstore with you on Friday afternoon.I have just found that I have to attend an important class meeting that afternoon.I ho
83、pe the change will not cause you too much trouble.Shall we go on Saturday morning? We can set out early so that well have more time to read and select books.If its convenient for you, lets meet at 8：30 outside the school gate.If not, let me know what time suits you best.I should be available any tim
84、e after school next week.Yours，Li Hua专题滚动检测(十四)(限时：40分钟语法填空短文改错书面表达).语法填空(2016石家庄一模)Dogs are 1._very popular pet.Most of them just live with their families.But some dogs have very special jobs 2._(do)A group of dogs 3._(know) as “Therapy Dogs”These dogs are family pets with special training, 4._allo
85、ws them to go into public buildings and comfort people 5._need.The dogs are trained to be calm and quiet.Loud noises and unfamiliar places dont frighten them.They enjoy spending time with people.Some therapy dogs go into places, such as hospitals and nursing homes.When the dogs visit the patients, t
86、he patients are cheered up.They have fun 6._(pet) the dogs and look forward to their visits.The dogs help to brighten their day.Therapy dogs can improve peoples health as well.Studies show that when people pet animals, their blood 7._(press) and heart rates go down.They are calmer and 8._(they) mood
87、 improves.Other therapy dogs work in schools and libraries.They serve as warm and caring 9._(friend) to children, but they also do 10._(much)In one town in California, therapy dogs have become childrens reading buddies.The dogs make a great audience.The children look forward to reading to the dogs,
88、and the dogs love the attention.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文，介绍了有着特殊用途的狗治疗犬。它们能给病人带来心理上的安慰，能成为孩子的朋友。1a考查冠词。依据本句中的“very popular pet”可知，此处应用不定冠词，表示泛指。2to do考查固定用法。本句中应用不定式作后置定语，have sth. to do表示“要做某事”。3are known考查时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，本句话缺少谓语动词，“a group of名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用复数，dogs与know是动宾关系，此处描述的是一般情况，因此用一般现在时的被动语态。4which
89、考查定语从句。这是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词为“special training”。5in考查介词。由句意可知，这些治疗犬可以到公共场所安抚那些需要帮助的人。in need表示“在困难时，在危难之中”，为固定搭配。6petting考查非谓语动词。have fun(in)doing sth.表示“做某事有乐趣”。7pressure考查名词。分析句子结构可知，此处应用名词，blood pressure表示“血压”。8their考查代同。修饰名词mood要用形容词性物主代词，故用their。9friends考查名词的数。根据句子的主语They可知，此处用名词复数。10more考查比较级。句中的bu
90、t暗示这些狗对孩子来讲不仅仅只是朋友，它们会做得更多。.短文改错Not everyone agrees on that bad habits are.Some smokers arent think smoking is a bad habit.Young people dont think listen to loud music on the train is a bad habit.Have you ever tried to get rid your bad habits？I have quit smoking or have stopped leaving thing lying a
91、round the house.I hoped other people will stop their bad habits.I get annoying when people are late for meetings or talk loudly on their phones in the public.I also think much motorists need to think about their driving habits.Perhaps I should point out their bad habits.答案Not everyone agrees on bad
92、habits are.Some smokers think smoking is a bad habit.Young people dont think to loud music on the train is a bad habit.Have you ever tried to get rid your bad habits？I have quit smoking have stopped leaving lying around the house.I other people will stop their bad habits.I get when people are late f
93、or meetings or talk loudly on their phones in the public.I also think motorists need to think about their driving habits.Perhaps I should point out their bad habits.书面表达(2016潍坊市二模)假如你是李华，你校外教Peter合约到期，你向他推荐可带回国的有中国特色的小物件，请给他写一封电子邮件。内容包括：1推荐两个物件并描述其特征；2陈述推荐理由。注意：1.词数100左右；2可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3格式已给出，不计入总
94、词数。Dear Peter, _Yours，Li Hua参考范文Dear_Peter，Hearing that youre going back to your country, I think its a good idea to choose some items typical of Chinese culture to take with you.The first item coming into my mind is the Chinese kite, the cultural symbol of my hometown.Kites, mostly made of paper, a
95、re often designed into diverse shapes, some with adorable animal images like butterflies or eagles.People can fly kites in an open area, which is a popular form of entertainment.Besides, a pen container with the Chinese ink painting on it is also a nice choice.Im sure each time you use it, you will recall the unforgettable experience in China.I hope my advice can be helpful to you.Looking forward to your good news.Yours，Li_Hua