1、Unit4EarthquakesGrammar东南大学尹婷婷定语从句The Attributive Clause I The kinds of the Attribute:1.He is an honest boy.2.We love our country.3.Whats your telephone number?4.Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia.5.The foreigner who visited our school yesterdayis from Canada.The Attribute(定语):
2、修饰,限定The position of the Attribute:（定语的位置）1.This is a flower basket.2.This is a basket full of flowers.3.This is a basket that I want to put flowers in.1.单个的词作定语时要放于被修饰词的前面；2.短语或从句作定语时要放于被修饰词的后面。生活中的语法观察后的发现1The number of people who were killed or injured reached more than 400,000.2Then,later that a
3、fternoon,another big quake which was almost as strong as the first one shook Tangshan.3The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.4Yesterday I helped an old man who/that lost his way.5The boy whose father is a teacher is a new classmate of mine.6My daughter bough
4、t an useful dictionary whose cover was printed“Oxford University”7China is a country that/which has a long history.我的发现(1)句1、3、4中的定语从句使用了关系代词，在定语从句中作。(2)句2、7中的定语从句使用了关系代词，在定语从句中作。(3)句4、7中的定语从句使用了关系代词，在定语从句中作主语。主语whowhich主语that(4)关系代词常用来指代人；关系代词常用来指代事物；关系代词既可以指人也可以指物。(5)句5、6中的定语从句使用了关系代词，在定语从 句中作；关系代
5、词既可以指人也可以指物。whowhichthatwhose定语whose一、定义定语从句是起定语作用、修饰名词或代词的从句。被修饰的名词或代词称为先行词。定语从句一般位于先行词后。定语从句往往用关系副词和关系代词引导，关系词在定语从句中担当某种成分。He is an English teacher who likes singing songs.定语从句先行词引导词(关联词/连接词)引导词1:关系代词:whichwhowhomthatwhoseThe structure of the Attributive Clause:1.which1)They planted the trees whic
6、h didnt need much water.2)The fish (which)we bought were not fresh.The usage of the relative pronouns在从句中作主语或宾语，指物。（主语/指物）（宾语/指物）which,who,whom,that,whose2.who,whom1)The foreigner who visited our school yesterday is from Canada.2)The boy who broke the window is called Michael.3)The person to whom yo
7、u just talked is Mr.Li.4)Mr.Read is the professor to whom you should write.在从句中分别作主语和宾语,指人，做宾语时可省略。（主语）（主语）（宾语）（宾语）3.that1)A plane is a machine that can fly.2)The noodles that I cooked were delicious.3)Lets ask the man that is reading the book over there.4)The girl that we saw yesterday is Jimsister
8、.在从句中作主语或宾语，指人或物。做宾语时可省略。（主语/物）(宾语/物）（主语/人）（宾语/人）3)This is the book whose cover is blue.4.whose1)Miss Flower is the teacher whose house caught fire last week.2)This is the boy whose composition the teacher talked of.(of which the)在从句中只作定语,指人或物。“的”若指物,可与of which the互换。（定语/指人或物）关系代词的用法关系代词在从句中可以：指人指物s
9、ubject(主语)object(宾语)attribute（定语）whomwhowhichthatwhose何时可以省略？做宾语时可以省略Which baby is Jack?穿红裤子的baby是Jack。The baby is Jack.The baby is Jack.whose trousers are redwho is wearing red trousersJackWhich house is mine?房顶是棕色的房子是我的。The house is mine.whose roof is brownMy house把刚才的句子分成两层意思:Workers built shelte
10、rs for survivors whosehomes had been destroyed.1)Workers built shelters for survivors.2)The survivors homes had been destroyed.But the one million people of the city,who thoughtlittle of these events,went to bed as usual that night.1)But the one million people of the city went to bed as usual that n
11、ight.2)But the one million people of the city thoughtlittle of these events.用定语从句把两句合一句1.The book is my brothers.I gave it to you.The book(which/that)I gave to you is my brothers.2.The bridge will be rebuilt.It was damaged during the war.The bridge which/that was damaged during the war will be rebui
12、lt.3.He bought the jacket.The jacket was cheapest in the shop.He bought the jacket which/that was the cheapest in the shop.4.Thats the Science Museum.We visited the Science Museum.Thats the Science Museum(which/that)we visited last year.用定语从句把两句合一句11.用适当的关系词填空The old man has a son is in the army.The
13、 parcel is red in color is about to be posted.I met an old woman yesterday sons all had ever studied abroad.He bought a house last week window is made of wood.She is the girl we have been looking for.who/thatwhich/thatwhosewhose(that/who/whom)12.将下列句子改为含有定语从句的复合句The girl is from America.I called her
14、 just now.This is the house.Lu Xun once lived in the house.He has a friend.His father is a doctor.The girl whom/who/that I called just now is from America.This is the house which/that Lu Xun once lived in.He has a friend whose father is a doctor.1当先行词为all,everything,nothing,anything,little,much等不定代词
15、以及先行词被这些词修饰时。All that can be done has been done.一切能做的都已经做了。关系词只能用that而不用which的情况2先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。This is the largest ship that I have ever seen.这是我曾经见过的最大的船。3当先行词被the only,the very,the last修饰时。This is the very book that I am looking for.这正是我要找的那本书。4当先行词既指人，又指物时。We often talk about the persons and
16、things that we remember.我们常常谈起我们记得的那些人和事。5当主句是以who或which开头的疑问句时，为避免重复而用that。Who is the boy that shook hands with you just now?刚才和你握手的男孩是谁？6当先行词在从句中作表语时。Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be.上海已不再是过去那个样子了。There seems to be nothing seems impossible for him in the world.He prefers the apple
17、s comes from his parents farm.I have read all the books you gave me.thatthat/whichthatThis is the best film has been shown this month.The pancakes you had for breakfast were made of corn.This is the only newspaper I read in the morning.thatthat/whichthat(1)关系代词在限制性定语从句中紧跟介词作宾语（介词提前）。There are many t
18、rees _ they can have a rest.This is the ring _ she spent 1000 dollars.under whichon which关系词只能which不用that的情况(2)在非限制性定语从句中。Football,_ is a very popular game,is played all over the world.which关系词只能which不用that的情况Exercises:1.All _ is useful to us is good.A.which B.what C.that D.whether2.She will never f
19、orget the days _ she spent in Beijing.A.when B.what C.which D.why3.The man _ you are talking about is in the next room.A.to whom B.whom C.who D.which4.The text is one of the most interesting stories _ learned in the past three years.A.that have B.that have been C.which has D.which has been5.The coll
20、ege wont take on(录用)anyone _ eyesight is weak.A.who B.whose C.of whom D.which6.Here is the bicycle _ in the shop.A.that you saw it B.that saw it C.you saw D.you saw it7.Those _ to take part in the game write down your names,please.A.who B.who want C.that wants D want8.I,_ your good friend,will try my best to help you out.A.who is B.what is C.what am D.who amHOMEWORK
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