1、介词&代词专题考点汇总&专项训练【考情分析】*改错（介词）1.介词与名词、动词或形容词搭配不当；2介词的多余；3介词的缺失；4习惯搭配中介词的错用。示例：1.It was a relief and I came to a sudden stop just in the middle onof the road.2.When I look at this picture of myself，I realize of（去掉） how fast time flies. *语法填空（介词）1.考查常用介词的基本用法；2固定搭配中的介词使用。示例：1.After school she plans to
2、take a year off to model fulltime before going to university to get a degree in engineering or architecture.2Most of us are more focused on our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day. *改错（代词）1.代词单复数的错用；2人称代词与物主代词的错用；3不定代词的错用；4代词与其所指代的对象不符。示例：1.Mr.and Mrs.Zhang all（去掉/改为both） work in our s
3、chool.2.My uncle says that he never dreams of becoming rich in a short period of time.Instead，he hopes that ourhis business will grow steadily. *语法填空（代词）1.考查人称代词的主格和宾格；2考查物主代词的基本用法；3考查it的基本用法；4考查不定代词和替代词的基本用法。示例：1.However，the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months，more th
4、an 25，000 people were using it every day.2.On my recent visit，I held a lively threemonthold twin that had been rejected by its(it) mother.【语法剖析】*介词考点一介词短语及固定搭配高考中的语法填空和短文改错将更加注重对介词短语及搭配的考查，介词与名词、形容词与介词、动词与介词形式的搭配是高考考查的难点。常考介词短语及固定搭配有：1与形容词的搭配 be aware of 意识到be proud of 以为荣be tired of厌倦be angry with
5、sb.对生气be eager for 渴望be absent from 缺席be ashamed of对感到羞耻be sure of 对有信心；确信be familiar with sth.熟悉be familiar to sb.为所熟悉be patient with 对有耐心be pleased/satisfied with 对满意be popular with sb.受欢迎be strict with sb.对严格be addicted to 对上瘾；沉溺于be available to 对可用；可供使用be beneficial to 对有益处be devoted to 致力于，献身于b
6、e similar to 与相似be confident in 对有信心be anxious about/for 忧虑，担心be crazy about 热衷；着迷be curious about 对好奇be particular about 挑剔be suitable for/to适合于2与动词的搭配answer for 对负责apply for申请call at 拜访(地点)refer to 谈到；涉及；查阅result from 由于suffer from遭受approve of赞成complain of 抱怨consist of 由组成dream of 梦到think of 想起；考虑
7、到call on 拜访(某人)depend/rely on 依靠result in/lead to导致belong to 属于date from/back to 追溯到keep/prevent/stop sb.from doing sth.阻止某人做protect.from 保护不受伤害succeed in 在方面成功3与名词的搭配at a time每次，一次at a loss 困惑，不知所措at first sight乍一看at table在吃饭by mistake错误地by the way顺便说in charge主管，看管in return作为回报in turn依次，转而in shape健
8、康状况良好in trouble 处于困境中on purpose故意地on holiday在度假in time及时，迟早on time准时on average 平均in honour of为了纪念in place of代替in memory of为纪念in addition to 除了by hand 手工on the contrary相反地on account of 由于on behalf of 代表approach to 的方法visit to 到的访问for the sake of为了by means of 借助reason for 的原因(a) lack of 缺乏by accident/
9、chance 偶然beyond ones reach够不着in advance在前头，事先，预先in the long run从长远来看beyond description 无法形容out of breath/balance上气不接下气/失去平衡to ones surprise/astonishment令某人惊奇/吃惊的是under construction/consideration在建设/考虑at the cost of 以为代价in support/favor of支持，支援in terms/view of鉴于，根据for the purpose of 为了目的for the benef
10、it of为了的利益on the way to在去的路上on the basis of 以为基础4其他搭配far from 远非once in a while 偶尔up to 达到；由决定 in spite of 尽管；虽然after all 毕竟，终究ahead of (时间，空间)在前面；领先5易错用的介词with the help of在的帮助下under the leadership of在的领导下the article in the newspaper报纸上的文章a hole in the wall 墙上的洞a bird in the tree树上的鸟apples on the tr
11、ee树上的苹果tickets for the concert音乐会的票in the direction of朝着的方向set an example to sb.给某人树立榜样示例：.单句语法填空We offer an excellent education to our students.In return，we expect students to work hard.单句改错1Under his help，we have learned immediately how to analyze and settle problems.UnderWith2Because the help you
12、 gave me that summer，my life changed.Because后加of *介词考点二常见介词分类及用法1-表示原因的介词(短语)for，because of，due to，thanks to，owing to，on account of，as a result ofThe openair celebration has been put off because of the bad weather.因为天气不好，这次户外庆祝会被推迟了。Owing to bad weather，the flight was delayed for a couple of hours.由
13、于天气恶劣，航班延误了好几个小时。易错警示：上述短语都可作状语，due to还可作表语。thanks to 表示“多亏，幸亏”，多位于句首。2-表示方式的介词表示使用的工具、手段、材料时，with，by，in，on都意为“用”。with多指用具体的工具、身体的某部位或器官；by侧重指使用某种方法、手段或乘坐某种交通工具；in指使用某种语言、笔墨等；on 多用于固定词组中。by train乘火车；on the radio通过收音机；on TV通过电视；with a pencil用铅笔3-表示“除之外”的介词(短语)介词用 法besides意为“除之外(还有)”，相当于in addition to
14、。 except意为“除之外(别无)”，可接名词、代词、介词短语和从句。but 意为“除之外”( except)。apart from既可相当于besides或in addition to，也可相当于except for。other than意为“除之外(别无)”。Apart from good service，the restaurant offers different kinds of traditional Fujian dishes.除了优质的服务外，这个饭店还提供各种各样的传统福建菜。易错警示：(1)but常用于nobody，none，no one，nothing，anything
15、，everyone，all 之后。接不定式时，如果前有实义动词do，则不定式中的to省略。(2)besides还可作副词，意为“另外，而且”，在句中常作插入语。4-表示方位的介词介词用法at后常接相对较小的地方。in后常接相对较大的地方或在某一个大的范围之内。on表示“在上”。(beneath)across表示“从的表面穿过；在对面”。through表示“从的内部穿过”。over表示“从的上面跨过”。(under)above指离开物体表面而在其上方，但并不一定是垂直向上。还可指数目、数量、水平、年龄等“超过，多于，大于”。(below)The dog jumped over some bush
16、es and saw the little scream.狗跳过几丛灌木看到小溪。The sunlight came in through the windows in the roof and lit up the whole room.阳光透过天窗，照亮了整个房间。5- -表示时间的介词介词用法at表示时间的点，时刻等。at 6：00 oclock在6点钟；at daybreak在黎明 on表示具体的日子或一个特定的时间或具体的某一天的上午、下午或晚上(常有前置定语或后置定语修饰)。on Monday afternoon在周一下午；on a rainy day morning在一个雨天的上
17、午in表示在某段较长的时间内。in the 20th century在 20世纪；in winter在冬季；in September在9月；in the morning在上午since时间点自从以来for时间段 长达during 在期间until/till 直到by 到为止；不迟于in/after时间段 在之后。“in时间段”常与将来时连用；“after时间段”常与过去时连用before 在之前over 在期间；直到结束Jane is in a hurry because the train to the airport leaves in half an hour.Jane很着急，因为去机场
18、的火车半小时后出发。In Britain，its not unusual to have a business meeting over breakfast.在英国，早餐时间开商务会议并不稀奇。易错警示：(1)当时间名词前有this，that，last，next，every，each等词修饰时，通常不用任何介词。(2)“on/upon名词或动名词”结构可以表示“一就”。6-其他常考的介词介词用法against违背，反对；倚靠；以为背景，衬托beyond(范围、限度)超出，为所不能及by程度或增减的幅度；按计despite尽管for(表示目的)为了；(表示对象或用途)给；因为；从来看；赞成，支持
19、with和在一起；和，跟；具有，带有；(表示伴随)随着within(范围、程度)在内without没有off(表示位置)在的外面；(表示方向)偏离；从离开She drove so fast at the turn that the car almost went off the road.她在转弯处开得如此快，以至于车差点偏离公路。Any driver found drinking beyond the limit will be charged.任何司机如被发现饮酒超限都会被指控。示例：.单句语法填空1Many people who live along the coast make a l
20、iving in fishing industry.2Its of great urgency that we need to make the relative laws，with the rapid growth of online shopping.单句改错It was almost at 10：30 pm.，when a family who had attended the same wedding passed by in their car.去掉at *代词考点一it的用法1指代前面所提到过的事情、事物、想法等，也可指代不清楚或没必要知道性别的说话对象。还指代时间、地点、距离、天
21、气、季节等。The employment rate has continued to rise in big cities thanks to the efforts of the local governments to increase it.由于当地政府的努力，大城市的就业率不断上升。易错警示替代词(it，that，one)的用法区别it特指前面提到过的同一个人或物that替代上文出现的“the不可数名词或单数可数名词”，表特指同类事物中的一个。其复数形式为thoseone替代上文出现的“a/an单数可数名词”，表泛指同类事物中的一个。其复数形式为ones2.it用作形式主语或形式宾语，
22、而把真正的主语或宾语放在后面，真正的主语或宾语往往由从句、动名词、不定式充当。It is obvious to the students that they should get well prepared for their future.对学生来说非常清楚的是他们应该为他们的将来做好准备。The two girls are so alike that strangers find it difficult to tell one from the other.这两个女孩长得很像，陌生人很难把她们区分开来。3含有it的常考短语或句型：(1)It depends.视情况而定。Take it e
23、asy.别着急。believe it or not信不信由你make it成功，做到，约定时间as someone puts it像某人所说的那样When it comes to.当涉及/谈到keep it in mind that.把铭记在心(2) Its (high) time that sb.should do/did sth.是某人该做某事的时候了。Its the first/second/.time that sb.have/has done sth.是某人第一次 /二次/次做某事。It is/has been.since.自从多久了。It will be/was.before.要过
24、时间才It is/was时间点when.当时候，时间是(3)It is/was被强调部分that/who.示例：.单句语法填空1I was conscious all the time when I was flying through the air，and it seemed a long time.2He admitted that when it comes to repairing a computer，he had little knowledge of it. .单句改错Sometimes we may find difficult to follow the teacher a
25、nd some slow learners may even give up learning English.在find后加it *代词考点二不定代词1all，both，either，any，none，neither都任何一个都不部分否定两者botheitherneithernot eitherboth和not连用三者或三者以上allanynonenot anyall和not连用The research group produced two reports based on the survey，but neither contained any useful suggestions.以这个
26、调查为基础，研究团队做了两个报告，但是两个都不包含任何有用的建议。When shall I call，in the morning or afternoon？我什么时候(给你)打电话方便，上午还是下午？Either.Ill be in all day.都可以，我将一整天都在家。2other，the other，others，the others，anotherthe otherthe other指两个人或物中的“另一个”，常与one连用，构成“one.the other.”(一个；另一个)another单独使用，泛指三者或三者以上的人或物中的“另一个”，代替单数可数名词。常与one连用，构成o
27、ne.another.泛指“一个另一个”others，the othersothers泛指“其余的人或物”，相当于“other可数名词复数”，不能作定语，常构成some.others.。the others特指“其余的所有人或物”，相当于“the other可数名词复数”To warm himself，the sailor sat in front of the fire rubbing one bare foot against the other.为了暖和自己，那个海员坐在火堆前，两只光脚丫互相蹭着。In some countries，people eat with chopsticks，
28、while in others，knives and forks.在一些国家，人们用筷子吃饭，而在另外一些国家，人们用刀叉吃饭。3none，nothing，no one/nobodynonenone既指人也指物，后面可接of短语，一般用来回答how many，how much 和which的提问nothingnothing只指物，后面不能接of短语，用来回答what的提问no one/nobodyno one和nobody只指人不指物，其后不接of短语，一般回答who的提问Even if the answer seemed a little strange，nobody but I doubt
29、ed it.尽管这个答案好像有点奇怪，但是除了我之外没人怀疑它的正确性。Niki is always full of ideas，but none is useful to my knowledge.尼基点子总是很多，但是据我所知，没有一个是有用的。易错警示：部分否定和全部否定(1)no one，none，nobody，nothing，not.any/either以及“no名词”都表示全部否定；(2)all，both，everyone/everybody/everything以及“every名词”与not 连用时，表部分否定。示例：.单句语法填空1I dont like this room.I
30、m going to ask for another2Both teams were in hard training; neither was willing to lose the game.单句改错Failure is part of our life.Somebody has achieved great success without lots of failures.SomebodyNobody *代词考点三人称代词&物主代词&反身代词1人称代词人称代词有：主格(I，we，they，he，she，it)宾格(me，us，them，him，her，it)主格在句中作主语；宾格用在及物
31、动词或介词后作宾语，也可作表语或同位语。To really understand a man we must judge him in misfortune.只有在不幸时才能真正了解一个人。2物主代词形容词性物主代词(my，your，his，her，its，our，your，their)相当于形容词，在句中只能作名词或动名词的前置定语，不能单独使用。名词性物主代词(mine，yours，his，hers，its，ours，yours，theirs)相当于“形容词性物主代词名词”，可单独作主语、表语和宾语，也可与of连用作后置定语，但不能单独作定语。The main difference bet
32、ween our brains and those of monkeys is that ours are bigger.我们的大脑和猴子的大脑之间的主要差别在于我们的要大些。3反身代词(1)反身代词(myself，ourselves，yourself，yourselves，themselves，himself，herself，itself)在句中可用作宾语或表语、同位语。还可以作名词或代词的同位语，加强语气，表示“亲自，本人”的意思。If our parents do everything for us children，we wont learn to depend on ourselve
33、s.如果我们的父母为我们孩子们做一切，我们就无法学会独立。(2)含有反身代词的习惯用语by oneself单独地，独自地for oneself亲自，为自己seat oneself 坐下 behave oneself 举止得体say to oneself心里想 talk to oneself自言自语enjoy oneself 过得愉快 devote oneself to 致力于help oneself to 随便吃；随便用apply oneself to 专心致志于make yourself at home 不拘束come to oneself恢复知觉；苏醒过来adapt/adjust ones
34、elf to适应于abandon oneself to沉迷于，放纵于express oneself 表达某人的思想lose oneself in (be lost in)迷失示例：.单句语法填空1We are very proud of ourselves(we) and believe we can do more for a better world. 2We valued every chance we could to keep us(we) both on the right track.单句改错When he came back，I found a bunch of flowers
35、 in her hand.herhis【技巧点拨】*介词介词与语法填空介词与短文改错1.“是否宾语”作依据介词必须要接宾语，宾语通常由名词、代词、动名词或what从句充当。若空格后是名词、代词或动名词且它们在句中不作主语和动词的宾语，则要考虑填介词。1.熟练掌握介词的基本用法，即介词后用名词、代词或相当于名词的词、短语或句子作宾语。解题时，观察句中是否有这一类词，以此确定所改词是否是介词；或句子中介词是否缺失或多余，以便添加或删除。2“四种方法”来确定所填介词(1)根据介词短语与谓语的逻辑关系；(2)根据语境含义结合介词用法；(3)根据特殊的结构关系，如接复合宾语就只能用with或withou
36、t；(4)根据介词与动词等的搭配。2观察句中名词、动词、形容词等的前后的搭配，然后根据介词与它们的搭配来判断是否误用，还是多词或漏词，解题的关键是掌握一些固定搭配和固定短语。3检查副词前是否多加了介词。 *代词代词与语法填空代词与短文改错1.人称、物主、反身代词词类：“成分”是关键(1)如果句中缺主语，则用人称代词的主格；(2)如果句中缺宾语或表语，则用人称代词的宾格；(3)如果句中缺定语，则用形容词性物主代词；(4)如果主语和宾语代表同一个人或物，宾语则用反身代词。1.分析句子成分，看句中主语或宾语是否有缺失或者多余。如果缺少主语，则需要添加人称代词主格、指示代词、不定代词或it；如果缺宾语
37、，则可以添加人称代词宾格；如果宾语和主语指同一个人或物，则应用反身代词。2不定代词类：“范围”要搞清(1)二者选其一用either；都不选用neither；都选用both；(2)三者或以上的任何一个用any；都不选用none；都选用all。2检查搭配，看名词前是否需要代词。如果名词前需要代词，则需添加形容词性物主代词。3通读全文，通过上下文的语境检查代词指代是否一致。3it类：“指代”要辨明(1)如果指代上下文同一事物，用it；(2)如果指代天气、时间、距离用it；(3)如果作形式主语或形式宾语用it。4根据句式结构，判断句子是否为it的特殊句式，it作形式主语、形式宾语或在强调句中。一些固定
38、句式中it的用法也要注意。5对不定代词的考查主要集中在其指代范围，这就需要分析上下文意义，看代词是肯定还是否定，是指代两者还是三者或三者以上，从而确定不定代词的使用是否合适。【综合训练】*单句改错1The rest find their happiness in some activities like assisting of others and taking part in their favorite sports.2By the contrary，the others regard exercise as an inseparable part of the students dai
39、ly life.3Global warming is having a great effect at hundreds of plant and animal species around the world，changing some living patterns.4Id appreciate if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come.5But its difficult for me to decide what activities we should organize and how to pl
40、an it. *短文改错Last winter vacation，my parents and I went back to our hometown，where I spend my childhood.Walking slow in the quiet small town reminded me of the good old day.I went from street to street，in the search of my childhood footprints.Suddenly，I found me at the gate of the primary school on w
41、hich I studied for six years.As I entered，I was surprised find that the old classroom building was gone.But it was filling with my childhood memories! I felt such sad that tears ran down my cheeks.It was just like the feeling I had while a good friend left me forever. *单句语法填空1Equipped with modern fa
42、cilities，todays hospitals are quite different from of the past.2She remembered how difficult was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father.3Exams cannot measure a child has achieved，so we should let students know there is much more to them than their test scores.4They do it because the p
43、latform allows their voice to be heard and constantly encourages them to improve (they)5When Monday came，she arrived at school in Colorado，only to be told that her new hair style was the school rules.6Nowadays， the development of technology，online shopping is becoming more and more convenient.7White
44、 fat stores extra energy，which results weight gain.8Shed lived in London and Manchester，but she liked and moved to Cambridge.9Mary and her sister got into the water and helped pull the boat and its 20 people board to safety.10He sat down an empty table and waited for someone to take his order. *语篇语法
45、填空I have recently returned from 1 extended 26day trip to China.I made two earlier trips to China in 2012.On my previous visits my travel 2 (limit) to the three major cities of Beijing，Shanghai and Chongqing.This time I，together with my family，was able to visit some of the more remote cities and holi
46、day destinations 3 (miss) on the previous trips and revisit Beijing and Shanghai to observe the great changes there in just four short years.The many contradictions and 4 (struggle) within China today are very impressive.No one can ignore the rich culture 5 (date) back to ancient times changing into
47、 the modern age at a speed and scale that has never been witnessed. 6 happens in China，the third 7 (large) country in the world with 20 percent of the worlds population，will 8 (certain) shape the immediate and distant futures of 9 (we) all.On this blog(博客) I will be posting a travel journal 10 photo
48、graphs and drawings.Marked on the map are the cities and villages I visited while in China.参考答案：*单句改错1. 去掉of2. ByOn3. aton 4. 在if前加it5. itthem*短文改错Last winter vacation，my parents and I went back to our hometown，where I my childhood.Walking in the quiet small town reminded me of the good old .I went
49、from street to street，in search of my childhood footprints.Suddenly，I found at the gate of the primary school which I studied for six years.As I entered，I was surprised find that the old classroom building was gone.But it was with my childhood memories! I felt sad that tears ran down my cheeks.It was just like the feeling I had a good friend left me forever.*单句语法填空1) those2) it3) everything4) themselves5) against6) with7) in8) neither9) on10) at*语篇语法填空1an2was limited3missed4struggles5dating6Whatever7largest8certainly9us10with