1、Period 3 Learning about Language.单词拼写1 Due to health problems,I decided tor_ my post as the factory director.2Dr.Proudie would _(废除)allforms and ceremonies.3I think its proper to classify her novels asserious_(文 学)insteadofmereentertainment.4He has always had an interest in _(政治)5After the abolition
2、 of _(奴隶制),many black people in America were liberated.【答 案】1.resign 2.abolish 3.literature 4.politics 5.slavery.单句语法填空1Tom worked hard,only _(fail)againat last.2Its good _(help)others when theyare in trouble.3The goal of this activity is _(meet)the needs of common people.4 The question is very diff
3、icult _(answer)5He was forced _(take)a positionthat was paid less money.【答案】1.to fail 2.to help 3.to meet 4.toanswer 5to takeresign vi.&vt.辞职；辞去(工作、职位等)；听任She resigned as secretary last week.上周她辞去了秘书一职。She resigned from a good job all for a badboss.就因为一个糟糕的老板，她辞掉了一份好工作。resign to 听从，顺从；托付给resign from
4、辞去职务resign as sth辞去当的职务resignation n辞职；辞呈单句改错Because of his serious illness，the managerhad to resign to his position._单句语法填空He resigned _ the company in orderto take a more challenging job.He resigned his post _ headmaster.【答案】to改为from from asI was supposed to have finished all myshopping by now but
5、到现在我本该结束我的购物，但是句中的be supposed to表示“应该”，相当于should。此外，它还可表示“必须；一般认为”。I thought we were supposed to be paid today.我本以为我们今天会领到薪水。(1)be not supposed to表示“不准；不得；不应当”，强调委婉地责备或禁止。(2)suppose/supposing that 假 如 ，假设(3)let us suppose that让我们假设，让我们假想完成句子这个会本应该在星期二举行，但我们不得不把它推迟了。The meeting _ _ _ _ on Tuesday,but
6、 we have hadto postpone it.【答案】was supposed to take place动词不定式动词不定式由“to动词原形”构成，如：to study,to play。动词不定式虽然不能作谓语动词用，但仍保留着动词的特征，它可以带有所需要的宾语或状语而构成动词不定式短语，如：to play table tennis，to study hard。一、动词不定式的基本用法动词不定式能起名词、形容词和副词的作用，可在句中作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。1作主语动词不定式作主语时，一般可用it作形式主语，而将作主语的动词不定式置于句末。To help each
7、other is good.It is good to help each other.2作表语动词不定式在系动词be之后作表语。My job is to drive them to the power stationevery day.3作宾语(1)作及物动词的宾语。She wishes to be a musician.(2)作某些形容词的宾语：可以接动词不定式作宾语的形容词一般有glad，sorry,afraid，pleased，determined，willing，eager，anxious，ready，sure等。I am determined to give up smoking.
8、(3)动词不定式一般不作介词的宾语，但动词不定式之前如有疑问词时，就可作介词的宾语。Can you give us some advice on what to donext?(4)动词不定式在句中作宾语，如带有宾语补足语时，须先用it作形式宾语，而将该动词不定式后置。I dont think it right to do it that way.4作宾语补足语如果句中的谓语动词为see，hear，watch，notice，have，make，let等，作宾语补足语的动词不定式须将to省去，但改为被动语态时，不定式要加上to。此外，介词有时也与这种复合宾语连用。Tell the childre
9、n not to play on the street.I saw him cross the road.He was seen to cross the road.With a lot of work to do，he didnt go to thecinema.5作定语动词不定式作定语时，必须位于被其修饰的名词或代词之后。通常与所修饰名词有如下关系：(1)动宾关系作定语用的动词不定式如果是不及物动词，不定式后面就要用必要的介词。如果被不定式修饰的名词为place，time，way，不定式后面的介词习惯上可以省去。如果不定式所修饰名词是不定式动作的承受者，不定式可用主动式也可用被动式。Is
10、this the best way to help him?I have a meeting to attend.He is the man to depend on.The old man is looking for a quiet place to livein.Have you got anything to send?Have you got anything to be sent?(2)说明所修饰名词的内容We have made a plan to finish the work.(3)被修饰名词是不定式的逻辑主语He is the first to get here.6作状语动
11、词不定式可以表示行为的目的、结果、原因、条件等。(1)表目的He worked day and night to get the money.She sold her hair to buy the watch chain.To master a foreign language,one must workhard at it.(有时为了强调目的，也可将表示目的的不定式置于句首。)She reads China Daily every day in order to(so as to)improve her English.(为了强调不定式表示目的的作用，还可在不定式前加in order to
12、或so as to，但应注意in order to位于句首或句中均可，而so as to不能位于句首。)不定式放句首时，逻辑主语与句子主语要一致：()To save money,every means has beentried.()To save money,he has tried every means.()To learn English well,a dictionary isneeded.()To learn English well,he needs adictionary.(2)表结果He arrived late to find the train gone.You are
13、old enough to take care of yourselfnow.(形容词或副词 enough 动词不定式，表示“够能”。)I visited him only to find him out.(常用only放在不定式前表示和意料的结果相反的情况。)(3)表原因They were very sad to hear the news.7作独立成分To tell you the truth,I dont like the way hetalked.8不定式的省略保留到to(省略do动词)。If you dont want to do it,you dont need to.9不定式的并
14、列第二个不定式可省略to。He wished to study medicine and(to)becomea doctor.单句语法填空Its standard practice for a company like thisone _(employ)a security officer.I have a lot of readings _(complete)before the end of this term.My work is _(clean)the roomevery day.Father will not allow us _(play)onthe street._(catch)
15、theearlyflight，weordered a taxi in advance and got up very early.Anxiously,she took the dress out of thepackage and tried it on,only _(find)itdidnt fit.【答案】to employ to complete toclean to play To catch to find二、动词不定式的复合结构由for/of名词(或代词宾格)动词不定式即构成复合结构的动词不定式。其中for本身无意义。for后面的名词或代词是不定式的逻辑主语，这种不定式在句中可作主
16、语、表语、宾语、定语或状语。当作表语用的形容词表示不定式的逻辑主语的性质或特征时，就用介词of而不用for引出不定式的逻辑主语，这些形容词一 般 有 good,nice,kind,wise,silly,stupid,foolish,right,wrong,careless,impolite等。It is very important for us to get everythingready for the harvest.It is very kind of you to help him every day.单句改错It is wrong for you to think in that
17、way._It is not necessary for us start out ahead oftime._【答案】for改为of 在start前加to三、疑问词动词不定式疑问代词和疑问副词后可加动词不定式构成不定式短语，在句中可作主语、表语或宾语。How to prevent them from swimming in thisriver is a problem.单句语法填空 When and where _(hold)themeeting hasnt been decided.Its no use having ideas only.Dont worry.Peter can show
18、 you _to turn an idea into an act.【答案】to hold how四、动词不定式的否定式动词不定式的否定式是由not动词不定式构成。Its wrong of you not to attend the meeting.把下列句子改为否定句He told me to bring you something.【答 案】He told me not to bring youanything.The box is easy to carry.【答案】The box is not easy to carry.五、动词不定式的形式变化动词不定式有下列时态和语态的形式变化：语
19、态 一般式完成式进行式完成进行式主动 to buildto have builtto be buildingto havebeen building被动to be builtto have been built/动词不定式的时态形式所表示的时间关系：1一般式：动词不定式一般式所表示的动作有时与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，但在多数情况下，是在谓语动词所表示的动作之后发生。We decided to plant more trees this spring.(其后)They often watch us play table tennis.(同时)2完成式：动词不定式完成式所表示的动作发生在谓语
20、动词所表示的动作之前。I am sorry to have kept you waiting.3进行式：动词不定式进行式所表示的动作正在进行中，而且与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生。She happened to be writing a letter in the roomwhen I came in.单句语法填空The engine just wont start.Something seems_(go)wrong with it.【答案】to have gone六、动词不定式的被动语态用法如果动词不定式的逻辑主语为这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，不定式一般就用被动语态形式。What is
21、 to be done next hasnt been decidedyet.单句语法填空We havent been informed of when themeeting is _(hold)It is not clear whether the picnic is_(cancel)or not.【答案】to be held to be canceled.用括号内单词的正确形式填空1Do you know when _(go)to thefarm?2Please remember _(lock)the doorwhen you leave the room.3Its good _(help
22、)others when theyare in trouble.4The man downstairs told the man upstairsnot _(drop)his shoes onto the floor atmidnight any more.5 For her sister Mary _(study)music is a good choice.6Im sorry _(take up)so much ofyour valuable time.7 She could do nothing but _(change)her name under the circumstances.
23、8She has no pencil _(write)with.9The goal of this activity is _(meet)the needs of common people.10The boy is not tall enough _(reach)the book shelf.【答案】1.to go 2.to lock 3.to help 4.todrop 5.to study 6.to have taken up 7.change 8.to write 9.to meet 10.to reach.单句改错1Its been a month since I came to t
24、his newschool and I really want share with you some ofthe problems I have been experiencing.2I might have to retire again next year justget some more of these biscuits.3My mum makes the best biscuits in theworld,so I decided to asking her for help.4 Wemustfindwaysprotectourenvironment.If we fail to do so,well live to regretit.5Its necessary for you lock the car whenyou do not use it.【答案】1.在want后加to 2.在get前加to 3.asking改为ask 4.在protect前加to 5.在lock前加to