1、Section Lesson 2 & Lesson 3.重点单词1motto n. 格言；座右铭2spit vi. 吐口水；吐痰3obey vt. 服从，听从4outstanding adj. 杰出的，优秀的5spy n. 间谍；特务6pour vt. 倒，灌7drag vt. 拖，拉8drill n. 练习，训练9reputation n. 名誉，名声10mild adj. 温和的11conservative adj. 保守的，旧式的conservatively adv. 保守地，守旧地conserve vt. 保护，保存12alternative adj. 可选择的；非传统的；另类的alt
2、er v. (使)改变，更改13punishment n. 惩罚，处罚punish vt. 处罚，惩罚14reflect vt. 反映；反射reflection n. 映象，反射15select vt. 挑选selection n. 选择，挑选16lack vt. 缺乏，没有lacking adj. 不足的，缺乏的17access n. (使用或见到的)机会，权利accessible adj. 易接近的，可到达的18worthwhile adj. 值得努力的worthless adj. 无价值的，不值钱的19misunderstand vt. 误解understand vt. 理解.核心短语1
3、o_a_certain_extent在某种程度上2put_off延期；推迟3be_proud_of为感到骄傲4be_related_to与有关5hand_out分发6contribute_to捐献；有助于7set up 创立，建立 8take up 开始从事 9set off 引发；使爆炸 10add up to 共计 11be eager to do sth.渴望做某事12have access to 可以获得(接近) .经典句式1“疑问词不定式”结构在句中作宾语；so that引导目的状语从句，意为“以便，为了”。 Some schools teach how_to_pass_tests_
4、so_that the students can go to university.有些学校教授通过考试的方法以便学生能进入大学。2be up“从事，忙于”，该句型常用于口语中。 Whats_up?怎么了？3What will become of.用于询问某人/物将来有可能发生什么情况，有何结果，此句型常用于口语。.I hate to think what_will_become_of my reputation as an excellent accountant!我不愿去想作为一名出色的会计，我的名声会怎样！4catch sb. doing sth.“抓住某人正在做某事”。Once I c
5、aught_him_and_a_friend_seeing who could spit the furthest off the school stage!有一次我当场捉到他与一个朋友比赛看谁从学校舞台上吐口水吐得最远！5should have done表示“本应该做某事，而实际未做”。He was very bright and should_have_done much better in all his other subjects.格雷厄姆非常聪明，他本应该把其他所有的科目都学得更好。课文预读My TeacherGraham Lawrence, 29, science author
6、who gives presentations on TV, went to Overton School, 19811989.I havent seen Mr Jenkins since I left school but I often think about him. I wasnt very good at most school subjects. I suppose I was a bit lazy and now I wish Id done more work, especially in maths. The only thing I can remember from sc
7、hool maths is that the angles of a triangle add up to 180 degrees! But when I was 15 and went into Mr Jenkins class, I really became interested in a subject for the first time.Before Mr Jenkins, science had simply been a subject full of strange words to me. I had no idea what an atom was and I didnt
8、 really want to know either! I found it all so boring and difficult. But Mr Jenkins made everything interesting. He used to explain things with lots of practical examples and simplified things that seemed difficult. One day, he took us outside and we built a rocket! I remember that he let me pour so
9、me powder into the rocket and then another student lit a flame to set it off. It was great fun.I know that I wasnt a willing student and I shouldnt have been so difficult at school, but it was probably because I lacked confidence in myself. Mr Jenkins made me feel that I could do things. I was inter
10、ested in astronomy and he asked me to give a presentation to the class. That was really the first time I ever tried to explain science to an audience and now its my job! Often when Im preparing a programme, I think about how Mr Jenkins would have done it. Sometimes I wish I could phone him and ask f
11、or his opinion！presentation/preznteIn/n. 报告，讲座画线部分是Graham Lawrence的同位语。who引导定语从句。since引导时间状语从句。be good at擅长suppose/spz/v. 认为，料想；假定，假设wish后的从句使用了虚拟语气。angle/l/n. 角angel n. 天使triangle/traIl/n. 三角形add up to总共是，总计为本句为复合句。其中I can remember from school maths是省略了关系词that的定语从句，修饰先行词The only thing；句中的that引导的是表语
12、从句。become interested in.变得对感兴趣be interested in对感兴趣be interested to do sth.对做某事感兴趣have/take/show an interest in对感兴趣lose interest in对失去兴趣(be)full of充满have no idea不知道atom/tm/n. 原子what引导的同位语从句作idea的同位语。simplify/sImplIfaI/vt. 使简化，使简易simply/sImpli/adv. 简单地；仅仅，只，不过simple/sImpl/adj. 简单的；简朴的that引导的定语从句修饰先行词t
13、hings。pour/p/vt. 倒，灌powder/pad/n. 火药flame/fleIm/n. 火焰，火舌set off使爆炸；引发that引导的宾语从句是由and连接的并列句，其中第二个分句中动词不定式短语to set it off作目的状语。fun n. 享乐，乐趣，快乐fun是不可数名词，不与不定冠词连用，词尾也不加s。willing adj. 积极肯干的，自愿的be willing to do愿意做probably/prbbli/adv. 几乎肯定，很可能，大概probable adj. 很可能发生的probability n. 可能性；很可能发生的事lack/lk/vt. 缺乏
14、，没有lack confidence in对缺乏信心because引导表语从句。the first time第一次explain sth. to sb.向某人解释某物/某事 when引导时间状语从句。 我的老师第14段译文格雷厄姆劳伦斯，29岁，在电视上做讲解的科学作家，于1981年至1989年间在奥弗顿中学读书。自从我离开学校后再也没有见过詹金斯先生，但我经常想起他。我上学时大多数科目都学得不太好，我想我当时有点儿懒，现在我真希望当时能多做些努力，特别是在数学方面。我对学校所学的数学能够记得的唯一的东西是一个三角形的角度总和是180度！但是当我15岁走进詹金斯先生的课堂时，我平生第一次真正地
15、对一门课产生了兴趣。 在詹金斯先生教我之前，科学课对我而言只是一门充满怪异词汇的科目。我不知道原子是什么，而且也真的不想知道！我觉得科学很乏味无聊，又深奥难懂。但是詹金斯先生使一切变得妙趣横生。他总是通过许多实实在在的例子来讲解知识，使看起来难懂的事物简单化。有一天，他带我们到户外，我们自己制作了一枚火箭！我记得他让我把一些火药倒入火箭，然后另一个学生点火将火箭发射了出去。真是有趣极了。我知道上学时我不是一个积极肯学的学生，而且自己本不该那么叛逆，但那很可能是因为我缺乏自信。詹金斯先生让我感觉到我能做事情。我对天文感兴趣，于是他让我给全班做演讲。那真的是我第一次努力给听众讲解科学知识，而现在这
16、成了我的工作！现在每当我准备节目时，我经常会想詹金斯先生会怎样做。有时我真希望我能给他打个电话问问他的意见！我的学生第58段译文布赖恩詹金斯，奥弗顿中学的科学老师。格雷厄姆来到我的班以前是个“问题”学生。我对他的恶劣行径早有耳闻。有一次我当场捉到他与一个朋友比赛看谁从学校舞台上吐口水吐得最远！但是当他产生兴趣后，他变了。他第一天走进我课堂时，身后拖着书包，表情厌倦。但是当我用酸和洋葱做实验以表现人的胃是如何工作的时候，他变得全神贯注。他热爱科学！格雷厄姆非常聪明，他本应该把其他所有的科目都学得更好。我读过几本他写的书，也在电视上见过他。我总是对我妻子说：“看哪，我曾经教过他！”我希望我教其他所
17、有学生也能像教格雷厄姆这样成功。如今教书不那么容易了，有许多问题，而且经费紧张。政府本该给科学教育多拨些款。我还希望他们能减少班级的人数在实验室上课时，小组人数过多不太好操作，而且比较穷的学校里情况一定更差！至少在像我们这样的学校里，我们有实验室！我的妻子常常希望我选择一份压力小点儿的工作，但是我热爱我所做的一切。作为一名老师，你可以在孩子们心灵顿开、渴望学习时进入他们的思想。如果作为一名老师我所做的工作能够帮助一个像格雷厄姆这样的孩子变成一个如此成功的成年人，那么我知道我所做的一切都是值得的。 课文理解Task One：Fast ReadingSkim the text and finish
18、 the following questions.1What kind of pupil was Graham?He was a bit lazy,_rebellious (叛逆的), not cooperative,_lacked confidence,_and was not good at most_school_subjects.2What kind of teacher was Mr Jenkins?He could make everything interesting and could make Graham feel he could do_things.Task Two：C
19、areful Reading.Judge the following statements True or False.1Mr Jenkins had known nothing about Graham before the first class.(F)2The experiment by Mr Jenkins aroused Grahams interest in science.(T)3Mr Jenkins was successful with all his students and he loved his job.(F)4The government followed Mr J
20、enkins advice and agreed to decrease the size of classes.(F)5Now and then, Graham who is a science author, telephones his teacher Mr Jenkins for advice.(F).Read the text and then choose the best answer according to the text.1Which subject of Graham Lawrences is the worst?AScience.BAstronomy.CMaths.
21、DGeography.答案：C2What made Graham Lawrence miss his teacher Mr Jenkins so much?AHis humor.BHis interesting classes.CHis encouragement to Graham Lawrence.DBoth B and C.答案：D3Why is teaching difficult nowadays according to Brian Jenkins?AThe school is very large.BThe class size is too large.CThere are p
22、roblems and not enough money.DThe government lacks money.答案：C4Graham began to like science because _.AMr Jenkins told him science is very importantBMr Jenkins made the class livelyCMr Jenkins took him outside and built a rocketDhe had to pass the science exam答案：B5What can we learn from the article?A
23、Mr Jenkins teaching method was so traditional that many students were very upset.BMr Jenkins loved teaching very much but he would give it up soon.CGraham was diligent and hardworking.DGraham was a difficult student before he met Mr Jenkins.答案：DTask Three：MicrowritingRead the text carefully and fill
24、 in the following blanks.Graham Lawrence is very thankful to his former _1_ (scientist) teacher, Mr Jenkins. As a student, Graham was lazy, _2_ in Mr Jenkins eyes he was very clever. Mr Jenkins thought he should have done much _3_ (well) than before after the first lesson where Mr Jenkins experiment
25、 made Graham _4_ (interest) in science. With the help of Mr Jenkins, Graham succeeded and now works as a TV presenter. Mr Jenkins takes _5_ (proud) in him when he sees Graham on TV. In Mr Jenkins opinion, being a teacher is that you have access _6_ childrens minds when they are open and eager to lea
26、rn.In fact, as a student, Graham wasnt a _7_ (will) student because he _8_ (lack) confidence in himself. It was Mr Jenkins _9_ made everything interesting and gave him the chance to be successful. Now when hes _10_ (prepare) for a programme, he often thinks about how Mr Jenkins would have done it.1s
27、cience2.but3.better4.interested5.pride6.o7willing8.lacked9.hat/who10.preparing1 alternative adj. 非传统的；可供选择的 n. 可供选择的事物(教材P38)What does “alternative education” mean?“非传统教育”指的是什么？(1)have no alternative/choice but to do.别无选择只能做an alternative to.的替换物，取代(2)“别无选择只好做某事”还可表示为：cannot.but do sth.; have no cho
28、ice but to do sth.; cannot help but do sth.。即学即用(1)If this plan is not accepted, we have an alternative one.如果这个计划不被接受，我们还有另一个计划。(2)To stay where I was is my only alternative.留在原地是我唯一的选择。(3)单句语法填空Im afraid I have no alternative but o_report (report) you to the police.The way was blocked, so we went
29、by an alternative road.His idea is an alternative o the orginal plan.2 (教材P38)Due to the limited number of places and our excellent reputation, students should apply early.由于学校的声誉好而且地方有限，学生应尽早来登记。live up to ones reputation名副其实lose/ruin ones reputation 名誉扫地damage/destroy ones reputation损害(破坏)某人的名誉win
30、/earn/gain a high reputation 获得很高的声望have a reputation for 以闻名of good/great/high reputation 良好的/高的名誉即学即用(1)Charles Kuen Kao soon won a reputation as a firstclass physicist.高锟很快就赢得了一流物理学家的名声。(2)I have never thought of writing for reputation and honor.我从来没有想过为名声和荣誉而创作。(3)This store has_an_excellent_rep
31、utation for fair dealing.该商店因买卖公道而享有极高的声誉。(4)He is a man of_great/good/high_reputation.他是一个很有名望的人。(5)New York certainly lives_up_to its reputation as an exciting city.纽约无疑是名副其实的动感城市。3 (教材P38)Students study at their own pace and the teachers seldom set tests.学生按照自己的速度学习，老师很少进行考试。(1)keep pace with跟上，与
32、并驾齐驱；与步调一致set the pace定步速，起带头作用at a steady/fast/slow/walking/.pace以稳定的/快的/慢的/步行的/速度at ones (own) pace 以某人自己的速度(2)pace up and down 来回踱步即学即用(1)At present, the pace of life is increasing with the development of science and technology.当今，随着科技的发展，生活节奏不断加快。(2)He paced nervously up and down the hospital ro
33、om, waiting for news.他紧张不安地在医院的房间里来回踱步，等待消息。(3)The computer will give students the opportunity to learn at_their_own_pace.计算机将给予学生们按照自己的速度学习的机会。(4)We must keep_pace_with the new development of modern scientific researches.我们必须跟上现代科学研究的新发展。(5)If you ask the fastest runner to set_the_pace,_then most o
34、f them will be left behind.如果你让跑得最快的人来定速度，那么他们中的大多数都将落后。4 (教材P38)Our school motto reflects the importance we place on good manners, hard work and success.我们学校的箴言反映了我们对礼貌、努力学习和成功的重视。(1)reflect sb./sth. in sth.映出；反映reflect on/upon 仔细想；考虑；反省reflect that. 思考(2)reflection n. 反映；反射；映像；思考a reflection of/on
35、. 反映了on reflection 经再三思考即学即用(1)Mo Yans strong love for the countryside is reflected in his recently published novels.莫言对农村的深沉的爱反映在他最近出版的小说中。(2)Youd better reflect on what he told you.你最好认真考虑他对你说的话。(3)This film is a real reflection of the living conditions of people in the western region.这部电影真实地反映了西部
36、地区人民的生活状况。(4)单句语法填空Take some time to reflect on your future plans.Your clothes are often a reflection (reflect) of your personality.The mountains are_reflected (reflect) in the still water of the lake.I accepted his suggestion on reflection.图解助记5 (教材P39)Well, select another one then.噢，那么再挑选一个吧。(1)se
37、lect sb. to do sth.挑选某人做某事select.as 挑选作为select.for 为而挑选select.from 从中挑选(2)selection n. 挑选，选择，选拔即学即用(1)We selected him to make a speech at the opening ceremony.我们选他在开幕式上致辞。(2)She selected a diamond ring from the supermarket.她在那家超市挑选了一枚钻戒。 (3)单句语法填空Here are some good sources of information to assist y
38、ou to make the best selection (select)We select him as our football coach.We have over 30 beautiful designs to select from.辨析比较select“精选”，指在同种类的许多东西中仔细审慎地加以选择，标准较严格，即在精选之中有所淘汰choose“选择；抉择”。用途较广，指一般的“选择”；意为“抉择”时，侧重意志和判断elect指通过正式手续进行的“选举”，后接人及所任的职务(4)选词填空：select/choose/electHe chose his words careful
39、ly, hoping to avoid a quarrel.Six programmes have been selected to take part in the festival.They organized a poll to elect a president.6 (教材P40)I remember that he let me pour some powder into the rocket and then another student lit a flame to set it off.我记得当时他让我将一些炸药倒入火箭，然后让另一个学生点火使之发射。pour sb. sth
40、. (pour sth. for sb.)给某人倒pour down 倾注，倾泻pour out 倾诉pour in 大量地涌入，倾倒pour (sth.) into sth. 注入；向投入(金钱)即学即用(1)Quietly Mark poured and served drinks for all of them.马克一声不响地给他们每人倒好饮料并端了上来。(2)She poured out her trouble to me over a cup of coffee.她边喝咖啡边向我倾诉她的苦恼。(3)The river came pouring down in a waterfall
41、off the hill.河水从山上倾泻而下形成瀑布。(4)It never rains but it pours.(谚)不雨则已，一雨倾盆。(5)By the time the group got up to leave, it was_pouring_outside.当这一队人起床出发的时候，外面正下着倾盆大雨。(6)Tears of happiness poured_down Susans cheeks.幸福的泪水顺着苏珊的脸颊不断流下来。7 (教材P40)I know that I wasnt a willing student and I shouldnt have been so
42、difficult at school, but it was probably because I lacked confidence in myself.我知道上学时我不是一个积极肯学的学生，而且自己本不该那么叛逆，但那很可能是因为我缺乏自信。(1)lack sth.缺乏lack for sth. (常用于否定句)缺乏(2)a lack of 缺乏through/for lack of 因缺乏(3)lacking adj. 短缺的；缺乏的be lacking in 缺少即学即用(1)It may be a good report, but it seems to lack (for) fa
43、cts.这或许是个好报告，但事实似乎还不充分。(2)We have been informed that the newlybuilt school is lacking in teachers.我们被告知新建的学校急需教师。(3)But for a lack of money, we could have finished the survey.要不是缺钱的话，我们会完成这项调查的。(4)hrough/For_lack_of experience, the new worker is at a loss facing so many problems.因为缺乏经验，这位新工人在面临这么多问题
44、时不知所措。(5)Health problems are closely connected with bad eating habits and a_lack_of exercise.健康问题与不良的饮食习惯和缺少锻炼密切相关。(6)Lacking_in experience, he lost the job.他因缺乏经验而失去了这份工作。8 (教材P40)The thing about being a teacher is that you have access to childrens minds when they are open and eager to learn.作为一名老师
45、，你可以在孩子们心灵顿开、渴望学习时进入他们的思想。(1)access to. 通往的入口 have/gain/get (no) access to拥有/没有的机会或权利；(不)可以获得或接近(2)accessible adj. 可到达的；可接近的；可使用的；可进入的be accessible to sb. 易于为某人所接近/进入/得到即学即用(1)The only access to the farmhouse is across the fields.去那农舍的唯一通路是穿过田野。(2)The school has set up a computer centre to help the
46、students gain access to more resources on the Internet.学校建立计算机中心是为了帮助学生获取更多的网络资源。(3)The access to success lies in hard work and devotion.通往成功的方法在于努力和付出。(4)单句语法填空You need a password to get access o the computer system.Medicine should not be kept where it is accessible (access) to children.9 worthwhil
47、e adj. 值得努力的，值得做的；有意义的(可作定语或表语)(教材P40)And if what I do as a teacher can help turn a child like Graham into such a successful adult, then I know what Im doing is worthwhile.如果作为一名老师我所做的工作能够帮助一个像格雷厄姆这样的孩子变成一个如此成功的成年人，那么我知道我所做的一切都是值得的。 (1)Its worthwhile做某事是值得的 (2)be worth (3)be worthy即学即用(1)To young pe
48、ople, it is worthwhile setting aside some minutes to stay with parents every week.对于年轻人来说，每周预留一些时间和父母待在一起是值得的。(2)What he suggested in his speech was that some classic novels were well worth reading again.他在演讲中暗示的是，一些经典小说非常值得再读。(3)The event is worthy of being remembered.那件事值得被铭记。(4)单句语法填空This article
49、 is well worth reading (read), but it is not worthy o_be_translated (translate)Sometimes I doubt whether its worthwhile o_study/studying (study) abroad for some Chinese students.1 (教材P39)To a certain extent, youre right.在某种程度上，你是对的。to some extent在某种程度上to a great/large extent 在很大程度上to such an extent
50、达到如此程度to what extent.? 在多大程度上？to the extent that. 达到的程度联想归纳表示“在某种程度上”的短语还有：in some/a/one way, to some/certain degree等。即学即用(1)To a certain extent it was my fault that we lost the chance.我们失去这次机会在某种程度上是我的错。(2)Language is a reflection of a society to some extent.在某种程度上，语言反映了社会。(3)These policies are to
51、a large/great extent responsible for the regions economic decline.这些政策是该地区经济衰退的主要原因。(4)单句语法填空As far as I am concerned, I agree with the latter opinion o some extent.To what extent did she influence your decision?Violence increased to the extent hat people were afraid to leave their homes.2 (教材P40)Th
52、e only thing I can remember from school maths is that the angles of a triangle add up to 180 degrees!现在我对学校所学的数学能够记得的唯一的东西是一个三角形的角度总和等于180度！(1)add up合计，加起来add to 增添，增加add.to. 把加到上(2)addition n. 加，增加，(数)加法in addition 另外in addition to 除之外(还有)即学即用(1)My income this year adds up to $ 30,000.我今年的收入总共达到3万美
53、元。(2)The heavy rain added to the difficulties in rescuing the buried people.大雨增加了营救被掩埋人们的困难。(3)She added some salt to the dish before she put it on the plate.她向菜里添加了一些盐才盛到盘子里。(4)In addition to English, he has to study a second foreign language.除了英语之外，他还必须学习另一门外语。(5)单句语法填空I cant get along well with m
54、y new classmates, which adds o my anxiety.The money I owe you adds up o more than 1,000 dollars.Add up your scores and see how many points you can get.In addition (add), every student can be in harmony with foreign friends, which makes it easier for you to get along with them.3 (教材P40)I remember tha
55、t he let me pour some powder into the rocket and then another student lit a flame to set it off.我记得他让我把一些火药倒入火箭，然后另一个学生点火将火箭发射了出去。set aside储存，留出；把放到一旁set down 放下；写下，记下set out 动身，出发；开始(后接不定式)set up 建立，设立set about (doing) sth. 开始/着手(做)某事即学即用(1)The question set off a heated discussion.这个问题引起了热烈的讨论。(2)W
56、hat time are you planning to set off tomorrow?你打算明天几点出发？ (3)Youd better set aside some time for walking every day.你最好每天留出一些时间来散步。(4)单句语法填空The oxygen workshop caught fire and set off a chain of explosions.The government has set out o_make (make) many necessary reforms.The girl set about cleaning (cle
57、an) the room on arrival.Ralph W. Emerson would always set down new ideas that occurred to him.4 (教材P40)Once I caught him and a friend seeing who could spit the furthest off the school stage!有一次我当场捉到他与一个朋友比赛看谁从学校舞台上吐唾沫吐得最远！catch sb. in the act当场抓住某人catch hold of 抓住catch up with 赶上；追上get/be caught in
58、被卷入；陷入catch sight of/a glimpse of 察觉/瞥见即学即用(1)The student caught cheating in the test was afraid that he would be punished.在测验中被当场抓到作弊的学生害怕会受到惩罚。(2)She walked too slowly to catch up with us.她走得太慢，跟不上我们。(3)单句语法填空He looked around and caught a man putting (put) his hand into the pocket of a passenger.I
59、 still remember being caught playing (play) chess in class by my teacher about twenty years ago.I was_caught (catch) in a storm on my way to school.1 (教材P39) I hate to think what will become of my reputation as an excellent accountant！,作为一名优秀会计师我极不愿意去思考我的名声将会变成什么样！)What became/has become/will become
60、 of sb./sth.?(What happened/has happened/will happen to sb./sth.？)(遭遇)如何？(结果)怎么样？ 即学即用(1)Do you know what has become of him?你知道他后来情况怎么样？(2)What_has_become_of that student who used to live with you?以前和你住在一起的那个学生后来怎么样了？(3)I cant imagine what_will_happen_to/what_will_become_of them if they lose their h
61、ome.我无法想象要是他们失去家园会怎么样。 2 (教材P38) Some schools teach how to pass tests so that the students can go to university.,有些学校教授如何通过考试以便学生能进入大学。)(1)so that在此处引导目的状语从句，意为“目的是，为了”，相当于in order that。so that引导目的状语从句时，常与can, could, be able to等词连用。(2)so that也可以引导结果状语从句，意为“结果；因此”。但作此用法时，一般不与can, could, be able to连用。
62、(3)so.that.意为“如此以至于”，其中的that引导结果状语从句。即学即用(1)He spoke aloud so that he could be heard by the people at the back.他讲话声音很大，以便后面的人也能听到。(2)Man has killed too many animals, so that there are fewer and fewer kinds of animals left.人类猎杀了过多的动物，结果动物的种类越来越少。(3)We decide to hold a meeting so_that/in_order_that we
63、 can discuss the matter.我们决定开会来讨论这件事。(4)Some stars put on a hat and dark glasses so_that the citizens cant recognise them.一些明星戴上帽子和墨镜以便市民认不出他们。(5)She was so_excited_that she couldnt say a word.她激动得说不出话来。3 (教材P40) I havent seen Mr Jenkins since I left school but I often think about him.,自从我离开学校后就再也没有
64、见过詹金斯先生，但我经常想起他。这是一个由并列连词but连接的并列复合句。前一个分句是一个含有since引导的时间状语从句的复合句。since引导的时间状语从句(1)若从句的谓语动词是短暂性动词，则从句所表示的时间是“从动作开始的那一刻起”。(2)若从句的谓语动词是持续性动词或表示状态的动词的过去式，则从句所表示的时间是“从持续的动作或状态结束时起”。(3)若从句的谓语动词是持续性动词的现在完成时，则表示动作和状态延续到现在，从句所表示的时间应该从“持续动作发生的时刻”算起。即学即用(1)Nothing has ever gone amiss since he took charge of t
65、he school.自从他接管这所学校以来，还从未出过问题。(2)Several years has passed since I taught in that mountain school.我不在那所山村学校教学已经好几年了。(3)单句语法填空It has_been (be) quite some time since I was last in London.Since the time humankind started gardening, we have_been_trying (try) to make our environment more beautiful.Ive ear
66、ned my own living since I was seven, having done all kinds of jobs.4(教材P40) I had no idea what an atom was and I didnt really want to know either！我不知道原子是什么，而且我也真的不想知道！(1)本句中抽象名词idea的后面跟了一个由what引导的同位语从句，来说明idea的具体内容。what在从句中作表语。(2)同位语从句跟在一个名词之后，对该名词的具体内容作进一步解释说明。后跟同位语从句的常见名词有：advice， demand， doubt， f
67、act， hope， idea， information， message， news， order， problem， promise， question， request， suggestion， truth， wish， word等。(3)引导同位语从句的连接词可以有that， whether， what， when， where等。即学即用(1)There is no doubt that they will benefit from regular exercise.毫无疑问，他们会从定期的体育锻炼中获益。(2)Ive come from Mr Wang with a message
68、 hat he wont be able to see you this afternoon.我从王先生那里来，他让我告诉你他今天下午不能来看你了。(3)He must answer the question whether he agrees with it or not. 他必须回答这个问题：他是否同意。(4)单句语法填空The manager put forward a suggestion hat we should work overtime these two days.There is a possibility hat the company will suffer a gre
69、at loss this month.There is some doubt whether she will attend the meeting.5(教材P40) He was very bright and should have done much better in all his other subjects.,格雷厄姆非常聪明，他本应该把其他所有的科目都学得更好。should have done 意为“本来应该做”，是虚拟语气，表示与过去事实相反的假设情况。“情态动词have done”表示两种意义： (1)表示对过去情况的推测与估计must have done用于肯定句，意为“
70、准是/一定(已经)了”can/could have done用于否定句和疑问句，意为“不可能/不会(已经)的”和“可能/也许(已经)了吗”may have done用于肯定句和否定句，意为“可能/也许(已经)了”和“可能/或许还没有”(2)表示对过去发生之事的后悔、遗憾、责备等情绪，至于具体表示的意义则由所用的情态动词及其句法结构而定should/ought to have done本来应该的(但却没有)could have done本来能够的(但却没有)might have done本可以的(但却没有)neednt have done本来不必的(但却做了)即学即用(1)You should
71、have turned in your homework on time, but you didnt.你本应该按时交上你的家庭作业的，但是你却没有。(2)You shouldnt have gone back to work yesterday without the doctors permission.你昨天没有得到医生的允许，本不应该回去工作的。(3)Its fine today. You neednt_have_taken the umbrella.今天天气不错，你真没有必要带上雨伞的。(4)It must_have_rained last night, for the ground
72、 is very wet.昨晚一定下雨了，因为地面很湿。(5)With all the work finished, I should_have_gone to the party last night.昨天晚上当所有的工作完成之后，我本来应该去参加聚会的。.单句语法填空1She has a reputation for generosity.2Hangzhou is a beautiful city; it is worthwhile o_go/going (go) there.3Owing to lack of time, we cannot do more than what we ha
73、ve done.4Reflecting on her volunteer experience, Tina felt proud of what she managed to achieve together with her local colleagues.5You neednt have_told (tell) her the news, for I had told her about it earlier.6If uncontrolled, the shortage would set off a new rise in meat prices.7Only a few people
74、have access o the full facts of the case. 8New ways to treat headaches may provide an alternative o painkillers.9Rain began to pour down from a black sky.10The shop has a fine selection (select) of cheeses.完成句子1He has_studied_very_hard since he came to our school.自从他来到我们学校，他学习就非常努力。2You were an hour
75、 late this morning. Whats_up?今天早晨你迟到了半个小时，出了什么事？3. What_will_become_of_these_teenagers if they dont study, but play cards all the time?这些青少年不学习，却成天玩牌，长此以往，他们会怎样？4The police caught_him_stealing_a_car last night.昨晚，警察抓住他正在偷车。5I should_have_gone this morning but I was feeling a bit ill.今天早晨我本应该走的，但是我觉得有点不舒服。6Schools should teach their students how_to_conduct_themselves_so_that they can become good citizens in the future.学校应该教学生如何做人以便他们将来成为好公民。7. o_a_certain_extent,_we are all responsible for this tragic situation.在一定程度上，我们都应对这悲惨的局面负责。