1、典型技巧16 代词指代对象的确定【考情角度】考情角度文学、艺术类阅读高考试题中常有涉及，做涉及代词指代类题目时应注意结合关键词，利用名词的单复数，褒贬用词确定代词所指代的名词。考查角度推理判断类、文章主旨题和代词指代题都可能在文学、艺术与体育类说明文中涉及。【真题再现】(2017全国卷C)主题语境：音乐Some of the worlds most famous musicians recently gathered in Paris and New Orleans to celebrate the first annual International Jazz Day. UNESCO (Un
2、ited Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) recently set April 30 as a day to raise awareness of jazz music, its significance, and its potential as a unifying (联合) voice across cultures.Despite the celebrations, though, in the U.S. the jazz audience continues to and grow older, a
3、nd the music has failed to connect with younger generations.Its Jason Morans job to help change that. As the Kennedy Centers adviser for jazz, Moran hopes to the audience for jazz, make the music more accessible, and preserve its history and culture.“Jazz seems like its not really a part of the Amer
4、ican appetite，” Moran tells National Public Radios reporter Neal Conan. “What Im hoping to accomplish is that my generation and younger start to reconsider and understand that jazz is not black and white anymore. Its actually color, and its actually digital.”Moran says one of the problems with jazz
5、today is that the entertainment aspect of the music has been lost. “The music cant be presented today the way it was in 1908 or 1958. It has to continue to move, because the way the world works is not the same，” says Moran.Last year, Moran worked on a project that arranged Fats Wallers music for a d
6、ance party, “just to kind of put it back in the mind that Waller is dance music as much as it is concert music，” says Moran. “For me, its the recontextualization. In music, where does the emotion (情感) lie? Are we, as humans, gaining any insight (感悟) on how to talk about ourselves and how something a
7、s abstract as a Charlie Parker record gets us into a dialogue about our emotions and our thoughts? Sometimes we that the music has a wider context，” says Moran, “so I want to continue those dialogues. Those are the things I want to .”1.Why did UNESCO set April 30 as International Jazz Day?A. To reme
8、mber the birth of jazz.B. To protect cultural diversity.C. To encourage people to study music.D. To recognize the value of jazz.2.What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 3 refer to?A. Jazz becoming more accessible.B. The production of jazz growing faster.C. Jazz being less popular with the
9、 young.D. The jazz audience becoming larger.3.What can we infer about Morans opinion on jazz?A. It will disappear gradually.B. It remains black and white.C. It should keep up with the times.D. It changes every 50 years.4.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A. Exploring the Futu
10、re of JazzB. The Rise and Fall of JazzC. The Story of a Jazz MusicianD. Celebrating the Jazz Day答案与解析：1.D2.C3.C4.A1.根据文章第一段a day to raise awareness of jazz确定答案。2.第二段说明了爵士乐不受年轻人喜欢，而Moran立志改变这一点。3.根据倒数第二段中“It has to continue to move”及前一句中的“cant be presented today the way it was in 1908 or 1958”，可知Mora
11、n对爵士乐的看法。4.文章介绍爵士乐的现状、问题以及要采取的措施和Moran的态度，结合选项可推出正确选项。【技巧释义】利用承前原则，确定代词的含义引出话题，介绍现状(第12段)介绍国际爵士日的成立日期、宗旨和意义(可解第1题)介绍爵士乐现状：观众减少，不受年轻人欢迎Moran立志改变爵士乐现状(第35段)(可解第2题)爵士乐存在的问题：与时代脱节解决办法： continue to move表明Moran想改变爵士乐的决心(第6段)【词汇积累】shrink v.减少foster vt.促进artistic adj.艺术的；有美术才能的widen vt.扩大lose sight忽略【技巧演练】（
12、建议用时：45分钟）1A NASA-funded study used satellite to search for penguin poops (粪便) in Antarctica: funny at first sight though, it resulted in unique insights on the Adelie penguins diet and its future. The findings unlocked the secrets about the species that can provide an early-warning of threats to An
13、tarcticas delicate ecosystem.Researchers used satellite images to see if the Adelie penguins diet has been changing in response to Antarcticas changing climate. Adelie penguin population has dropped greatly in some areas even as the global population increases. The satellite images show their presen
14、ce can be detected by the stain (污渍) left on the ice by their waste, called guano.Male and female penguins take turns incubating (孵化) in the nest. The guano builds up in the same areas occupied by the nests. A global survey for Adelie penguins turned up 3.8 million breeding pairs. Also, the satellit
15、e data can detect the color of the penguin guano, ranging from white to pink to dark red. White guano is from eating mostly fish; pink and red would be from eating mostly krill (磷虾). The team found that while the Adelie penguins diet did show changes from year to year, no consistent pattern was obvi
16、ous.“This was a big surprise, since the abundance and distribution of Adelie penguins has changed dramatically over the last 40 years and scientists had assumed that a change in diet might have played a role,” said Casey Young. However, continuing changes in the physical environment and a growing kr
17、ill fishery in the region are likely to have an influence on penguin prey (猎物) and penguin population itself. “They will be important for the management of the Antarctic ecosystem, ” said Young.1.What concerned scientists most according to paragraph 1?A.The Antarcticas ecosystem.B.The Adelie penguin
18、s diet.C.The climate change.D.The secret of penguin poops.2.Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?A.The Adelie penguin population was 3.8 million worldwide.B.Guano colors reflected the health condition of the penguin.C.The Adelie penguins diet stayed the same most of the
19、 time.D.Adelie penguin waste helped estimate the penguin population.3.What does “This” in the last paragraph refer to?A.Changes of penguins diet without a definite pattern.B.The wide range of the color of the penguin guano.C.Dramatic changing of penguin population.D.The abundance and distribution of
20、 Adelie penguins.4.What did Casey Youngs words infer?A.More Adelie penguins have appeared over the last 40 years.B.Diet changes didnt actually affect penguin population as assumed.C.There was not an obvious changing pattern of penguins diet.D.Fishery was important for the management of the Antarctic
21、 ecosystem.【答案】1.A2.D3.A4.B【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家对南极企鹅物种生态的研究，展现了近年来物种数量，饮食结构等各方面的变化。1.细节理解题。根据文章第一段“The findings unlocked the secrets about the species that can provide an early-warning of threats to Antarcticas delicate ecosystem.”可知，这些发现揭开了这个物种的秘密，可以对南极洲脆弱的生态系统的威胁提供早期预警。由此可知，科学家研究随着气候变化而导致的企鹅饮食结构
22、的改变，但最关心，最要紧的是这背后所预警的南极生态系统风险。故选A项。2.细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Researchers used satellite images to see if the Adelie penguins diet has been changing in response to Antarcticas changing climate. Adelie penguin population has dropped greatly in some areas even as the global population increases. The satellite im
23、ages show their presence can be detected by the stain (污渍) left on the ice by their waste, called guano.”可知，研究人员利用卫星图像来观察阿德利企鹅的饮食是否随着南极洲气候的变化而改变。虽然全球企鹅数量增加，但在某些地区，阿德里企鹅的数量却大幅下降。卫星图像显示，它们的存在可以通过它们的排泄物在冰上留下的污点来检测，这种污点叫做鸟粪。由此可知，阿德利企鹅粪便帮助估算企鹅数量。故选D项。3.词义猜测题。This此处为代词。代词的作用之一用来指代前文提及的内容。根据文章第四段“This was
24、a big surprise, since the abundance and distribution of Adelie penguins has changed dramatically over the last 40 years and scientists had assumed that a change in diet might have played a role,” said Casey Young.”可知，这是一个很大的惊喜，因为阿德利企鹅的数量和分布在过去40年里发生了巨大的变化，科学家们认为饮食的变化可能起了作用，”凯西杨说。由此可知，科学家本以为企鹅饮食上的变化会
25、影响到企鹅的数量和分布。但是通过研究却发现不是这样子的，所以才会感到惊喜。故此处的this应是指代前文第三段最后一句“The team found that while the Adelie penguins diet did show changes from year to year, no consistent pattern was obvious.(研究小组发现，虽然阿德利企鹅的饮食确实每年都有变化，但没有明显的一致规律)”，即“企鹅饮食的变化没有固定的模式。”故选A项。4.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“This was a big surprise, since the abund
26、ance and distribution of Adelie penguins has changed dramatically over the last 40 years and scientists had assumed that a change in diet might have played a role,” said Casey Young. However, continuing changes in the physical environment and a growing krill fishery in the region are likely to have
27、an influence on penguin prey (猎物) and penguin population itself.(凯西杨说：“这是一个很大的惊喜，因为过去40年来，阿德里企鹅的数量和分布发生了巨大变化，科学家们认为饮食的改变可能起到了一定的作用。”然而，该地区自然环境的持续变化和磷虾渔业的不断增长，可能会对企鹅猎物和企鹅种群本身产生影响)”可知，本来科学家觉得饮食的改变会起到一定的作用，但是该地区自然环境的持续变化和磷虾渔业的不断增长，可能会对企鹅猎物和企鹅种群本身产生影响。因此B项“饮食的改变实际上并不像假设的那样影响企鹅的数量”符合题意。故选B项。2The State-Of
28、-The-Art-Tech Behind Fighting FiresHow are todays firefighters dealing with massive wildfires? Theyre doing it by using the most advanced technology. Whether its with a modified jumbo jet or innovative thermal(热的) imaging cameras, we take a look at the tech behind fighting some of the worlds most ov
29、erwhelming fires.Teams fighting against the California wildfires used the Global SuperTanker a modified jumbo jet that carries almost 73,000 liters (19,200 gallons) of fire retardant(阻燃剂) alongside the S-64 Aircrane heavy-lifting helicopter, which carries 10,000 liters (2,200 gallons) of water.These
30、 air tankers are used to put out flames and monitor fire spread through sensors and video feeds coupled to GPS data. Fed into hi-tech computer modelling software, they can help predict the fires behavior and possible spread patterns. Computer models are able to provide small area coverage only meter
31、s wide, mapping territory and airflow. Fires are especially responsive to wind conditions and these tools allow firefighters to determine the passage of flames at ground level.But manned aircrafts need a large investment in maintenance and crew training. Command and control centers are turning to un
32、manned aircraft to keep costs down and provide additional capabilities. Small quadcopters(四旋翼机) and larger fixed-wing aircraft can fly over fires for much longer periods.Smoke can cover the ground for days at a time or pose a severe breathing risk to air crews However, this is not a problem for dron
33、es. Onboard high definition, infrared(红外辐射的) and thermal imaging cameras can provide direction to ground teams, spot vital infrastructure (including power or water lines), and identify dangerous or flammable objects.Infrared and thermal cameras can see through smoke to monitor ground teams and let t
34、hem know when conditions change. Unmanned aircraft can provide aerial images, heat maps, and temperature scales of fire zones. Specialist drones can even carry hoses to less accessible areas. In the future, swarms of autonomous drones could be used to track wildfires and spot fire spread.Thermal ima
35、ging technology has become widespread and less expensive to use. Handheld cameras and devices that attach to smartphones allow firefighters to see through smoke and find active fire hotspots, or undergrowth that is burning without producing smoke.Identifying these hotspots allows crews to target the
36、 most active and dangerous parts of a wildfire and divert manpower to tackle it more effectively.Augmented reality helmets that include breathing appliance alongside computer vision-aided displays are adding to the ground teams capabilities. Thermal cameras inside the helmets mean that firefighters
37、can operate in environments completely obscured by smoke. At the same time, they can wirelessly transmit information on what is happening at the frontline to command and control points.Robots are also making a difference. The Smokebot was developed by a Swedish university to assist fire and rescue s
38、ervices. It collects data in environments with reduced visibility using radar, a laser scanner, a thermal camera and gas sensors. Smokebot can help in forest fire situations mapping large areas filled with dust or smoke, where it is too risky to send in rescue personnel.Earth-observing satellites co
39、mmonly detect wildfires in wilderness areas. Their cameras and remote sensors are used to estimate the fires evolution and provide situational awareness that saves lives.The Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) onboard the Suomi NPP satellite gives near real-time data to NASAs Fire Info
40、rmation for Resource Management System (FIRMS) on active fires across the world.Finally, to get the bigger picture on fire tracking and monitoring, the US Forest Service and US Geological Survey uses data from the Landsat Earth-observing satellites. Data gathered from every major fire in the country
41、 since 1984 has been fed into computer models to help predict and prevent wildfires.5.What does the underlined “they”, in the third paragraph, refer to?A.Current firefighters tackling massive wildfires.B.The modified jumbo jets and art thermal imaging cameras.C.The data gained from sensors and video
42、 feeds, plus GPS information.D.The air tankers used to put out flames and monitor fire spread.6.Which of the following is not the advantages of drones over manned aircrafts in tackling massive wildfires?A.Drones dont need much fuel when putting out wildfires and identifying the causes of fires.B.Les
43、s money is needed in training crews when drones are available.C.Drones wont come across any breathing problems when in work.D.Drones needs much less investment in maintenance.7.Which of the following advanced technologies is not mentioned in the passage?A.Swarms of autonomous drones used to extingui
44、sh wildfires from air.B.AR helmets with breathing appliance alongside computer vision-aided.C.Drones with high definition, infrared and thermal imaging cameras onboard.D.Earth-observing satellites equipped with cameras and remote sensors.8.Which of the following statements about Smokebot is true?A.I
45、t was created by a Swiss university to assist fire and rescue services.B.It can help to send rescue personnel to a fire spot.C.It can help draw a map of large areas and fill the regions with dust or smoke.D.It collects data using advanced technology where visibility is reduced due to fires.【答案】5.C6.
46、A7.A8.D【分析】这是一篇说明文。今天的消防员如何应对大规模的野火？短文介绍了他们使用最先进的技术和装备。5.词句猜测题。根据第三段“These air tankers are used to put out flames and monitor fire spread through sensors and video feeds coupled to GPS data.”可知，这些空中加油机被用来扑灭火焰，并通过传感器和与GPS数据相结合的视频信号来监测火势蔓延。由此可知，输入高科技计算机建模软件，从传感器和视频中获取的数据，加上GPS信息可以帮助预测火灾的行为和可能的蔓延模式。所以t
47、hey指代的是“从传感器和视频中获取的数据，加上GPS信息”。故选C项。6.细节理解题。根据第四段“But manned aircrafts need a large investment in maintenance and crew training. Command and control centers are turning to unmanned aircraft to keep costs down and provide additional capabilities.” 但是载人飞机需要在维护和机组人员培训方面进行大量投资。指挥和控制中心正转向无人驾驶飞机，以降低成本并提供额
48、外的能力。根据第五段“Smoke can cover the ground for days at a time or pose a severe breathing risk to air crews However, this is not a problem for drones.” 烟雾可以在数天内覆盖地面，或者对空勤人员构成严重的呼吸风险然而，这对无人机不是问题。由此可知，A选项“无人机在扑灭野火和确定火灾原因时不需要太多燃料。” 不是无人机在处理大规模野火时比有人驾驶飞机的优势。故选A项。7.细节理解题。根据第五段“Onboard high definition, infrared
49、(红外辐射的) and thermal imaging cameras can provide direction to ground teams, spot vital infrastructure (including power or water lines), and identify dangerous or flammable objects.” 机载高清晰度红外和热成像摄像机可以为地面团队提供方向，发现重要的基础设施(包括电力或供水管道)，并识别危险或易燃物体。根据倒数第五段“Augmented reality helmets that include breathing app
50、liance alongside computer vision-aided displays are adding to the ground teams capabilities.” 包括呼吸装置和计算机视觉辅助显示器的增强现实头盔增加了地面团队的能力。根据倒数第三段“Earth-observing satellites commonly detect wildfires in wilderness areas. Their cameras and remote sensors are used to estimate the fires evolution and provide sit
51、uational awareness that saves lives.” 地球观测卫星通常能探测到荒野地区的野火。他们的摄像机和远程传感器用于估计火灾的演变，并提供态势感知，从而挽救生命。由此可知，A选线“成群的无人驾驶飞机被用来从空中熄灭野火。”这项技术在文中没有被提及。故选A项。8.细节理解题。根据倒数第四段“The Smokebot was developed by a Swedish university to assist fire and rescue services. It collects data in environments with reduced visibili
52、ty using radar, a laser scanner, a thermal camera and gas sensors.”(Smokebot机器人是由瑞典一所大学开发的，用于协助消防和救援服务。它利用雷达、激光扫描仪、热像仪和气体传感器在能见度较低的环境中收集数据)可知“Smokebot在由于火灾而降低了能见度的环境中，利用先进的技术收集数据”这一表述正确。故选D项。3A doctor named Chepurnov from Siberia conducted a controversial coronavirus immunity test after surviving CO
53、VID-19 in March. The 68-year-old Russian doctor spent time with coronavirus-positive patients without wearing a mask to see if he could get a second COVID-19 infection. The doctor was infected a second time and experienced a worse COVID-19 case than he had previously.This unusual coronavirus immunit
54、y test can easily be filed under the “only in Russia” section of COVID-19 news. Only in Russia was a coronavirus vaccine approved for mass use before any scientific research was shared with the world and before the drug cleared the Phase 3 trial. The story gets even crazier, considering the doctors
55、age. At 68-years-old, Alexander Chepurnov happens to be the kind of COVID-19 patient most at risk of developing a severe case.Even so, Chepurnovs controversial experiment isnt without worth. Its certainly the kind of experiment that others wouldnt necessarily approve of, especially in western countr
56、ies. But its the kind of experiment that can yield results and Chepurnov did get his wish. He was reinfected with COVID- 19 within six months from the first bout. Chepurnov and his research team started to monitor his antibodies. He discovered that they vanished after three months. “The observation
57、showed a fairly rapid decrease,” he told the paper. “By the end of the third month from the start of the disease, they ceased to be determined.” This falls in line with other studies about COVID-19 antibody life.Chepurnovs story also seems to fall in line with other studies that say immunity can las
58、t for at least 5-7 months. The story also proves that immunity lasts even after the antibodies are gone and suggests that other immune system components are indeed involved in providing prolonged protection. Others theorized that T cells would extend immunity beyond the life of the first batch of an
59、tibodies. Chepurnovs empirical findings are also important for vaccine research. If immunity lasts less than a year, more booster shots (加强针剂) might be needed after the initial doses.But Newsweek points out a problem with the experiment. Because his first case of COVID-19 hasnt been diagnosed via a
60、PCR test. Also, Chepurnovs experiment hasnt been published in a scientific journal, and its unclear what scientific rigors were applied. Still, if his findings are accurate, Chepurnov is actually right to warn against using a herd immunity approach to beat the pandemic.9.Why is Chepurnovs experiment
61、 considered controversial?A.Its not effective.B.Its too dangerous.C.Its disapproved of by Russia.D.Its not diagnosed via a PCR test.10.What does the underlined word they in Paragraph 3 probably refer to?A.diseasesB.virusesC.antibodiesD.results11.What is the finding of Chepurnovs experiment?A.COVID-1
62、9 immunity lasts permanently in ones body.B.The longevity of COVID-19 antibodies is about 3 months.C.Old patients are most at risk of developing a severe COVID-19.D.Vaccination can protect one from being infected with coronaviruses.12.Whats the main idea of the passage?A.Siberia is a unique place fo
63、r treating COVID-19 patients.B.Newsweek found the evidence against herd immunity to COVID-19.C.Researches showed humans produce antibodies if infected with coronaviruses.D.A controversial experiment on coronavirus immunity was conducted in Russia.【答案】9.B10.C11.B12.D【分析】这是一篇新闻报道。今年3月，西伯利亚的Chepurnov医生
64、在新冠病毒感染中存活下来后，进行了一项有争议的冠状病毒免疫测试。文章主要介绍了Chepurnov医生开展这项实验的经过，实验关于冠状病毒抗体的一些发现以及这项实验的重要意义。9.推理判断题。根据第一段“A doctor named Chepurnov from Siberia conducted a controversial coronavirus immunity test after surviving COVID-19 in March. The 68-year-old Russian doctor spent time with coronavirus-positive patien
65、ts without wearing a mask to see if he could get a second COVID-19 infection. The doctor was infected a second time and experienced a worse COVID-19 case than he had previously.(今年3月，西伯利亚的Chepurnov医生在新冠病毒感染中存活下来后，进行了一项有争议的冠状病毒免疫测试。这位68岁的俄罗斯医生在不戴口罩的情况下与冠状病毒阳性患者相处，以观察他是否会再次感染COVID-19。这名医生第二次感染了新冠肺炎，病情
66、比之前更严重)”可知，Chepurnovs的实验有争议，是因为它太危险了。故选B。10.词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“Chepurnov and his research team started to monitor his antibodies. He discovered that they vanished after three months. “The observation showed a fairly rapid decrease,” he told the paper. “By the end of the third month from the start of the
67、disease(Chepurnov和他的研究团队开始监测他的抗体。他发现三个月后它们就消失了。“观察显示出抗体迅速下降，”他告诉该报。“在疾病开始后的第三个月末)”以及后文“ceased to be determined”可知，三个月后抗体就消失了，所以在疾病开始后的第三个月末，不能再检测到抗体了，即they指的是“抗体”。故选C。11.细节理解题。根据第三段中“Chepurnov and his research team started to monitor his antibodies. He discovered that they vanished after three month
68、s.( Chepurnov和他的研究团队开始监测他的抗体。他发现三个月后它们就消失了)”以及“This falls in line with other studies about COVID-19 antibody life.(这与其他关于COVID-19抗体寿命的研究一致)”可知，Chepurnovs的实验发现COVID-19抗体的寿命约为3个月。故选B。12.主旨大意题。根据第一段中“A doctor named Chepurnov from Siberia conducted a controversial coronavirus immunity test after survivi
69、ng COVID-19 in March.(今年3月，西伯利亚的Chepurnov医生在新冠病毒感染中存活下来后，进行了一项有争议的冠状病毒免疫测试)”结合文章主要介绍了Chepurnov医生开展这项实验的经过，实验关于冠状病毒抗体的一些发现以及这项实验的重要意义。可知，这篇文章的中心思想是在俄罗斯进行了一项有争议的冠状病毒免疫实验。故选D。4 Its been less than a month since Arnold, a Texas high school student, was forbidden from going to the prom and graduation unle
70、ss he cut his locs. As his story spread on social media, celebrities and activists came to Arnolds defence and encouraged him to stand up to his schools hair discrimination. Now, in a significant turn of events, hes proudly wearing his own hair-style at the 2020 Oscars.Arnold and his mother were inv
71、ited to attend as the guests of director Matthew A.Cherry, who won the award for Best Animated Short Film for Hair Love tonight. Fittingly, the short film tells the story of a Black father learning to style his daughters natural hair.Arnold told us he couldnt wait to walk the red carpet with the Hai
72、r Love team. “Im so grateful. I never expected any of this,” Arnold says. “The message of that movie and my message go together so well. I think its really amazing how they reached out to me and how we can fight this together.”Together, Cherry and Arnold are advocating for the nationwide passage of
73、The CROWN Act, which is the law authored by California Senator Holly J. Mitchell that makes it illegal to discriminate against Black people for wearing their natural hair in the workplace or at school. Currently the Act has only been passed in New Jersey, California, and New York.Arnold has also rec
74、eived the support of celebrities, including Ellen DeGeneres, who invited him to appear on her daytime show and surprised him with a $20,000 scholarship from Alicia Keys. Arnold says the scholarship will help him pursue his dream of becoming a veterinarian. Arnold tells us. “The most exciting thing i
75、s seeing all the people that are on my side. I thought it would be a lot more hate than support.” Tonight, Arnold is looking forward to sharing his story on a massive platform. “As teenagers, we have a voice and were the future,” he says. “I want more cultural acceptance. If theres any other situati
76、on that I feel like I need to stand up for, I would do that in a heartbeat.”13.What happened to Arnold not long ago?A.He played a role in a short film.B.He managed to apply for a scholarship.C.He dropped out of school owing to his hair.D.He was not allowed to attend some school activities.14.What do
77、es the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?A.Violence.B.Discrimination.C.Panic.D.Starvation.15.What do we know from the passage?A.Hair Love was based on Arnolds experiences.B.Alicia Keys shaped Arnolds cultural acceptance.C.Mitchell had been punished for wearing natural hair.D.The CR
78、OWN Act has not been adopted nationwide.16.Whats the writers main purpose in writing this passage?A.To share a teenagers story.B.To advocate the passage of an act.C.To introduce an Oscar-winning film.D.To express his dissatisfaction with society.【答案】13.D14.B15.D16.A【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了德克萨斯州的高中生Arnol
79、d因为自己的头发而遭到学校的歧视，禁止参加学校活动，后来被社交媒体传播，大家站起来反抗，出现了极大的反转，最终他可以带着自己的头发参加奥斯卡的颁奖礼的故事。13.细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Its been less than a month since Arnold, a Texas high school student, was forbidden from going to the prom and graduation unless he cut his locs.” 不到一个月前，德克萨斯州的高中生Arnold被禁止参加舞会和毕业典礼，除非他剪掉头发。由此可知不久前，Arnold被
80、禁止参加一些学校活动，故选D。14.词句猜测题。根据第一段“As his story spread on social media, celebrities and activists came to Arnolds defence and encouraged him to stand up to his schools hair discrimination. Now, in a significant turn of events, hes proudly wearing his own hair-style at the 2020 Oscars. ” 随着他的故事在社交媒体上传开，名人
81、和活动家们都来为阿诺德辩护，并鼓励他勇敢地面对学校对头发的歧视。现在，事态发生了重大转折，他将骄傲地在2020年奥斯卡颁奖典礼上留着自己的发型。由此可以推断出划线词所在的句子意思是我们如何共同与“对头发的歧视”作斗争，因此this指代的就是歧视，故选B15.细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Together, Cherry and Arnold are advocating for the nationwide passage of The CROWN Act, which is the law authored by California Senator Holly J. Mitchell tha
82、t makes it illegal to discriminate against Black people for wearing their natural hair in the workplace or at school. Currently the Act has only been passed in New Jersey, California, and New York. ” 切里和阿诺德共同倡导在全国范围内通过王冠法案。该法案由加州参议员霍利米切尔起草，规定歧视在工作场所或学校留自然头发的黑人为非法行为。目前，该法案仅在新泽西州、加利福尼亚州和纽约州获得通过。由此可知王冠
83、法案并未在全国范围内采用。故选D。16.推理判断题。根据第一段“Its been less than a month since Arnold, a Texas high school student, was forbidden from going to the prom and graduation unless he cut his locs. As his story spread on social media, celebrities and activists came to Arnolds defence and encouraged him to stand up to h
84、is schools hair discrimination. ” 不到一个月前，德克萨斯州的高中生阿诺德被禁止参加舞会和毕业典礼，除非他剪掉自己的头发。随着他的故事在社交媒体上传开，名人和活动家们都来为阿诺德辩护，并鼓励他勇敢地面对学校对头发的歧视。和最后一段“Tonight, Arnold is looking forward to sharing his story on a massive platform. “As teenagers, we have a voice and were the future,” he says. “I want more cultural acceptance. If theres any other situation that I feel like I need to stand up for, I would do that in a heartbeat.” 今晚，阿诺德很期待在一个巨大的平台上分享他的故事。“作为青少年，我们有发言权，我们就是未来，”他说。“我想要更多的文化认同感。如果还有其他我觉得需要站出来支持的情况，我会立刻去做。”由此可知本文是在分享一个青年因为头发遭受歧视而站出来反抗的故事，故选A。