1、专题三 完形填空训练4说明文A(2016安徽江淮名校二次联考)With time flying，people become aged.Then many people even in their middle age often start to notice that their memory and mental clarity are not what they used to be.We suddenly cant remember _1_ we put the keys just a moment ago，or an old friends name，or the name of a
2、n old band we used to love.As the brain _2_，we refer to these occurrences as “senior moments”_3_ seemingly innocent，this loss of mental focus can potentially have a (n) _4_ effect on our social and _5_ wellbeing.Neuroscientists，experts who study the nervous system，are increasingly showing that there
3、s actually a lot that can be done.It _6_ out that the brain needs exercise in much the same way our muscles do，and the right mental _7_ can significantly improve our basic cognitive (认知) _8_Thinking is basically a _9_ of making connections in the brain.To a certain extent，our ability to _10_ in maki
4、ng the connections that drive intelligence is inherited (继承)_11_，because these connections are made through effort and practice，scientists believe that intelligence can expand and wave _12_ mental effort.Now，a new Webbased company has taken a step _13_ and developed the first “brain training program
5、me” designed to actually help people improve and _14_ their mental sharpness.The Webbased programme _15_ you to systematically improve your memory and attention skills.The programme keeps a(n) _16_ of your progress and provides detailed feedback (反馈) _17_ your performance and improvement.Most import
6、antly，it _18_ changes and improves the games you play to _19_ up the strengths you are developingmuch like a (n) _20_ exercise routine which requires you to increase resistance and vary your muscle use.【语篇解读】本文为说明文。随着人们年龄的增长，很多人会出现记忆力下降的现象。然而神经学家经过研究发现，通过正确的脑部训练可以有效提高人们的认知能力。1A.whereBwhenCthat Dwhy解
7、析：此处表示我们突然记不得刚才把钥匙放在哪里了，故答案为A项。答案：A2A.improves BfadesCrecovers Dfalls解析：由于大脑衰退，我们把这些现象称为“瞬间性老年痴呆”。由句意可知答案选B项。答案：B3A.If BUnlessCOnce DWhile解析：while用于句首，意为“虽然，尽管”。答案：D4A.irregular BlimitedCdamaging Dpositive解析：damaging“造成破坏的，有害的，损害的”。damaging effects“破坏性的影响”。答案：C5A.personal BpsychologicalCmental Dphys
8、ical解析：此处与social相对应，故答案为personal。答案：A6A.turns BfindsCpoints Dfigures解析： “It turns out that从句”为固定句型，意为：结果是。答案：A7A.connections BresponsesCworkouts Dassociations解析：由前面6空后的“the brain needs exercise”可知选C。workout“锻炼”。答案：C8A.style BfunctionsCcircumstances Datmosphere解析：由语境可知此处表示“基本的认知功能”，故选B项。答案：B9A.step B
9、conditionCconsequence Dprocess解析：本句对思考进行解释，即思考是在大脑中建立各种联系的过程，故答案为D项。答案：D10A.insist BbelieveCsucceed Dfail解析：由语境及句子结构可知答案选C项。succeed in doing sth做成某事。答案：C11A.Therefore BMoreoverCOtherwise DHowever解析：前后两句之间为转折关系，故答案为D项。答案：D12A.according to Bregardless ofCapart from Dinstead of解析：科学家们认为智力水平可根据脑力锻炼的程度得以
10、提高或出现波动。A：根据；B：不管，不顾；C：除之外；D：而不是。答案：A13A.back BfurtherCaside Daround解析：take a step further又向前迈了一步。答案：B14A.regain BreflectCreview Drespond解析：由语境中的improve可知regain(重新获得)为正确答案。答案：A15A.suggests BmakesChurries Dallows解析：allow sb to do sth “允许某人做某事”。答案：D16A.hold BrecordCorder Dpace解析：keep a record of为固定短语，
11、意为：“记录”。答案：B17A.to BwithCfor Dabout解析：此处表示“关于的反馈”，应用介词on或about，故选D项。答案：D18A.irregularly BhabituallyCconstantly Dunusually解析：更重要的是，该程序可以不断改进你所玩的游戏以增强你的优势。A：无规律地；B：习惯性地，经常；C：不断地，不停地；D：异乎寻常地。答案：C19A.carry BputCbuild Dtake解析：解析见18题。build up为动词短语，意为：增强。答案：C20A.risky BeffectiveCmeaningless Dfamiliar解析：由语境
12、可知答案选B项。effective产生预期结果的，有效的。答案：BB(导学号59430091)Reading and learning new words is about finding their meaning and use within a passage.The meaning of unknown words which you _1_ in your reading sometimes can be known by their _2_，that is，their contexts.The context of the sentence can tell us the part
13、 of speech (词性) of the _3_ word.Using the context of the paragraph to define unknown words can also be _4_Readers often have trouble because they understand the sentence word by word instead of the _5_ meaning of a word，when they should identify the way it has been used in the passage.One considerat
14、ion in using the context is to determine the unknown words part of speech.The words around the unknown word can give you _6_Once you know if the word is a noun or an adjective，it is often enough for you to _7_ reading without having to stop to look up the meaning of the word.After coming across the
15、word a few more times，you will know its meaning more _8_ than if you had just looked it up.Comparison clues indicate that two or more things are _9_A comparison is possible because the known and unknown words have _10_The likeness shows you that comparisons can be made._11_ clues tell you an example
16、 of an unknown word.Example clues are usually _12_ by the following words and phrases: such as，for example，and like. To find meaning from textbased clues，you should look for clues in the sentence.A second kind of clue does not _13_ on specific words to indicate meaning.This kind of context clue is c
17、alled a frameworkbased clue.Your knowledge of the meaning of surrounding words _14_ you discover the meaning of a word or sentencemon _15_ and your knowledge of the parts of speech also help define unknown words.For example，the angry driver shouted vehemently during his fight with the other driver.W
18、hat does “vehemently” _16_？You know what _17_ means，and you know how people _18_ when they argue.From this，you can _19_ out that “vehemently” has something to do with strong _20_ or intense feeling.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了几种在阅读过程习生词的方法和技巧。1A.take downBlook upCe across Dpick out解析：有时候你在阅读中所遇到的生词的意思可以通过语境
19、知道其含义。take down“记下”；look up“查阅”；come across“遇见”；pick out“找出”。下文中的“After coming across the word a few more times”也是提示，故C项正确。答案：C2A.sentences BwordsCtopics Dsurroundings解析：根据“that is”可知，此空与contexts是同义词，与下文中的“The words around the unknown word”和“Your knowledge of the meaning of surrounding words”呼应，故D项正
20、确。答案：D3A.unknown BabnormalCfamiliar Dnegative解析：句子的语境可以告诉我们生词的词性。与上文中的“unknown words”呼应可知，此处是指生词，即A项正确。abnormal“不正常的”；familiar“熟悉的”；negative“负面的”。答案：A4A.unique BnaturalChelpful Dmon解析：利用段落的语境来确定生词也是有帮助的。与下文中的“Common _15_ and your knowledge of the parts of speech also help define unknown words”呼应，即C项
21、正确。答案：C5A.correct BinconvenientCdifferent Dsatisfactory解析：读者经常遇到麻烦，因为他们逐字理解句子而不是(理解)一个词的正确意思。根据空格前的“Readers often have trouble”可推知，读者没有理解一个词的正确意思，即A项正确。答案：A6A.cases BreasonsCeffects Dclues解析：生词周围的词可以给你(提供)线索。与下文中的“Comparison clues”呼应，即D项正确。答案：D7A.translate BinterviewCcontinue Dexamine解析：一旦你知道了这个词是名词
22、还是形容词，那么你就可以不必停下来去查这个词的意思而继续读下去。根据空格后的“without having to stop”可知，此处应用continue“继续”，故C项正确。答案：C8A.strangely BuncertainlyCpotentially Dfirmly解析：strangely“奇怪地”；uncertainly“犹豫地”；potentially“潜在地”；firmly“坚定地”。根据空格前的“After coming across the word a few more times”可知，在生词出现的频率较高的情况下，根据语境，读者就可以更加确定其具体的含义，即D项正确。答
23、案：D9A.alike BmeaningfulCproper Dgreat解析：比较性线索表明两个或多个事物是相似的。根据下文中的“The likeness”可知，此处表示事物的相似性，即A项正确。答案：A10A.properties BsimilaritiesCpossibilities Dpersonalities解析：之所以可能作比较是因为认识的词和不认识的词之间有相似性。根据下文中的“The likeness”可知，similarity“相似性”，符合语境。答案：B11A.Popularity BConsiderationCExample Dparison解析：例子线索会通过举例来提示
24、读者。与空格后的“an example”和“Example clues”呼应，故C项正确。答案：C12A.affected BadjustedCchanged Dintroduced解析：例子线索通常通过以下词或短语来提出。affect“影响”；adjust“调整”；change“改变”；introduce“提出”。故D项正确。答案：D13A.focus BspendCcarry Drely解析：另一种线索并不是靠具体的词来表明(生词的)意思的。与上文“textbased clues”形成对比，这种线索不是依赖上下文而得出词义的，故D项正确。rely on“依赖”，符合语境。答案：D14A.p
25、revents BhelpsCtells Ddisplays解析：你对附近的词的意思的理解有助于你了解一个词或一个句子的意思。故B项正确。答案：B15A.point BtasteCawareness Dsense解析：常识和对词性的了解也有助于(读者)给生词下定义。固定搭配：common sense“常识”，符合语境，故D项正确。答案：D16A.mean BuseCcontain Dplete解析：“vehemently”是什么意思呢？与下文中的“You know what _17_ means”形成呼应，A项正确。答案：A17A.angry BgratefulChappy Danxious解
26、析：你知道angry是什么意思，而且你(也)知道人们在争辩时的感受。与上文中的“the angry driver”呼应，故A项正确。答案：A18A.act BsayCfeel Dthink解析：根据上文中的“the angry driver”和空格所在句中的“how people _18_ when they argue”可推知，C项正确。答案：C19Ae BfigureCtake Dset解析：由此你可以弄清楚“vehemently”与强烈的情感或紧张的情绪有关。come out“出现，出版”；figure out“弄明白”；take out“切除”；set out“出发”。答案：B20A.
27、demand BambitionCattitude Demotion解析：demand“要求”；ambition“野心”；attitude“态度”；emotion“情感”。与语境“or intense feeling”呼应可知，此处表示情感，故D项正确。答案：DCMore than half a million South Korean students in their final year of high school took the university entrance examination in Nov.Many people consider success on this t
28、est the first _1_ toward a good life.But South Korean students say they feel _2_ from the pressure.Seventeenyearold student Lee Jeewoo is not ready yet to _3_ the test.But he has a strong opinion about it.He says，“This test can _4_ the rest of your life.”South Korean high school students _5_ years s
29、tudying for the university entrance examination.People say good scores _6_ entrance to a top university and the possibility of a highpaying job.Some say good test _7_ even improve chances of a good marriage in the future.Some observers say this _8_ does not help the students learn to think _9_ thems
30、elves.Professor Kim says this system of learning by memorization _10_ a lot of stressed students.A recent government study found that South Korean children are the least _11_ compared to children in 29 other developed countries.Many South Koreans _12_ educational pressure for this unhappiness.South
31、Korean President Park Geunhye has promised to _13_ her countrys educational system.She urges the system to increase creative thinking and relieve students _14_But Jasper Kim does not feel _15_ that reforms by the top government alone will settle the _16_Still，getting South Korean parents to _17_ the
32、 pressure on their children might not be so easy.Shin Jeongyeon says she would like not to put so much pressure on her daughter._18_，she says there is a lot of _19_， so it is impossible for parents not to do so.For now，all Ms Shin and other _20_can do is hope that the pressure brings good results.【语
33、篇解读】这是一篇说明文，介绍了韩国高考的相关情况。很多韩国人将高考的成功视为通向美好生活的第一步，而韩国高中生却普遍感到高考给他们带来了很大的压力。同时一些观察员认为高考并不能培养学生独立思考的能力。1A.stepBtaskCnecessity Deffort解析：根据上下文可以看出，很多人认为高考的成功是通向美好生活的第一步，所以答案为step。答案：A2A.disappointed BdiscouragedCstressed Dmotivated解析：从后面的“pressure”以及本文的中心思想可以看出高考给韩国高中生带来了巨大的压力。下文的“a lot of stressed stud
34、ents”是提示。答案：C3A.attend BtakeCjoin Denter解析：参加考试应该用take。第一段中的“took the university entrance examination”也是提示。答案：B4A.ruin BreflectCimpress Ddetermine解析：从上文中的“he has a strong opinion about it”可以看出李智宇认为高考可以决定未来的生活。答案：D5A.spare BspendCuse Dcost解析：韩国高中生花好几年的时间为高考而学习，spend some time (in) doing sth“花时间去做某事”。
35、答案：B6A.guarantee BinfluenceCobtain Dimprove解析：该段谈论的是人们对高考取得好成绩的相关好处的意见和看法。好的高考成绩能够“确保”学生进入好的大学。答案：A7A.effects BconsequencesCresults Dstandards解析：该句表达的仍然是好的高考成绩给人带来的好处。“好的成绩”除了用good scores之外还可以用good test results。本文最后一句中的“brings good results”也是提示。答案：C8A.plan BprojectCprogramme Dsystem解析：从下文的“this syst
36、em of learning”可以看出此处开始谈论韩国的高考体制存在的弊端。答案：D9A.for BbyCto Dof解析：从下文中的“She urges the system to increase creative thinking and relieve students _14_”可以看出本处表达的是学生独立思考的能力。think for oneself是一个固定搭配，表示“独立思考”。答案：A10A.trains BproducesCeducates Ddevelops解析：该处谈论的是这种考试体制导致的不良后果使很多学生背负着巨大的压力。答案：B11A.creative Benth
37、usiasticChappy Dactive解析：最近一项政府研究表明，与其他29个发达国家的孩子相比，韩国孩子是最不快乐的。本段结尾的“this unhappiness”是提示。答案：C12A.scold BblameCcharge Daccuse解析：该句表达的意思是“很多韩国人把这种不快乐归咎于教育的压力”。blame sth for sth“把归咎于，因责备”。答案：B13A.abandon BadoptCupdate Dreform解析：目前教育体制虽然存在弊端，但也不是一无是处，所以面对这些弊端，韩国总统承诺的自然是要改革，而不可能是完全废除。答案：D14A.tension Bpa
38、nicCanxiety Dconfusion解析：该篇文章的主旨是高考给学生带来了巨大的压力，因此改革要减轻学生的压力。答案：A15A.satisfied BsureCworried Ddoubtful解析：文章的最后一段讲述了学生的压力同时来自于父母，所以雅斯佩尔金不确定单纯的高层政府的改革是否能够解决问题。答案：B16A.pressure BconcernCargument Dproblem解析：参见上题解析。答案：D17A.reduce BignoreCunderstand Drecognize解析：学生的压力不但来自于高考，同时来自于父母，因此使父母减轻对孩子的压力不是件轻而易举的事。上文的“relieve students _14_”是提示。答案：A18A.Instead BThereforeCHowever DRather解析：Shin Jeongyeon不愿意给女儿太大的压力，但是竞争这么激烈，父母又不得不这样做。前后句是转折关系，故用However。答案：C19A.chance BpetitionCtrouble Dargument解析：参见上题解析。答案：B20A.parents BstudentsCreformers Dteachers解析：鉴于目前的社会现实，家长能做的就是希望这种压力能带来好的结果。Ms申是家长，所以其他的也应该是家长。答案：A