1、课时作业5A Lesson in a Lab.阅读理解ADuring the period from 1660 through 1800, Great Britain became the worlds leader. Language itself became submitted to rules during this period. This need to fix the English language is best illustrated (描述) in the making of The Dictionary of the English Language by Samuel
2、 Johnson. Guides to the English language had been in existence before Johnson began his project in 1746. These, however, were often little more than lists of hard words. When definitions of common words were supplied, they were often unhelpful. For example, a “horse” was defined in an early dictiona
3、ry as “a beast well known”Johnson changed all that, but the task was not an easy one. Renting a house at 17 Gough Square, Johnson began working in the worst of conditions. Supported only by his publisher, Johnson worked on the Dictionary with five assistants. Compared to the French Academys dictiona
4、ry, which took forty workers fiftyfive years to complete (16391694), Johnsons dictionary was completed by very few people very quickly.Balanced on a chair with only three legs, Johnson sat against a wall in a room filled with books. Johnson would read widely from these books, mark passages illustrat
5、ing the use of a particular word, and give the books to his assistants so that they could copy the passages on slips of paper. These slips were then stuck to eighty large notebooks under the key words that Johnson had selected. Fixing the word by this method, Johnson could record a words usage and i
6、ts definition.How many passages were used? According to Johnsons modern biographer Walter Jackson Bate, the original total number could have been over 240,000. How many words were defined by the lexicographer? Over 40,000 words appeared in two large books in April of 1755. Did Johnson fully understa
7、nd the huge task he was undertaking when he began? As he told his contemporary biographer James Boswell, “I knew very well what I was undertakingand very well how to do itand have done it very well.”本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了Samuel Johnson和他的助手为修正早期的英语词典花费了大量的精力，但也高效且高质量地完成了新词典的编纂工作。1What is the problem of earl
8、y English dictionaries?AThey only offer simple pictures.BThey list just a few foreign words.CThey simply give some translations.DThey add no more than some big words.答案：D解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的These, however, were often little more than lists of hard words.可知，词典中往往都是一些生僻的单词。故D项正确。2What does the underlined
9、word “lexicographer” in Paragraph 4 refer to?AA publisher. BA biographer.CA maker of dictionaries. DAn assistant.答案：C解析：词义猜测题。根据最后一段第二句According to Johnsons modern biographer Walter Jackson Bate, the original total number could have been over 240,000.及画线词所在句可知，根据Johnson的传记的作者Walter Jackson Bate所言，词典
10、的最初页码超过了240 000张。到底有多少单词由这个词典编纂者定义呢？由此可推知，lexicographer意为“词典编纂者”。故C项正确。3What can we infer about Samuel Johnson from the text?AHe standardized English.BHe cared about authority a lot.CHe gained much financial support.DHe complained of working conditions.答案：A解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的This need to fix the Englis
11、h language is best illustrated (描述) in the making of The Dictionary of the English Language by Samuel Johnson.可知，Samuel Johnson的词典最能说明修正英语语言的必要性。根据最后一段最后两句知，他深知自己从事的这项任务的重要性，而且也知道如何去做，并且做得很出色。由此可推知，Samuel Johnson使英语更加标准化。故A项正确。4What is the purpose of this passage?ATo discuss the problems of dictiona
12、ries.BTo encourage people to work on a project.CTo persuade people to buy the new dictionary.DTo introduce how Johnson completed his dictionary.答案：D解析：目的意图题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了Samuel Johnson和助手如何编纂了词典。故D项正确。BAlthough the idea of “zero emission and sustainable (可持续的) development” was promoted worldwide, m
13、ost cities are at a loss what to do or even some have objected to it. But in Liuzhou, a city in southern China, attitudes could not be more different.The Liuzhou Municipality Urban Planning Bureau has signed up Italian architect Stefano Boeri, the father of the forest city movement, to build a selfc
14、ontained community for up to 30,000 people. He is the goto man for such projects thanks to the success of his “vertical forests”， two residential (住宅的) towers. Completed in 2014, they remove up to 17.5 tons of soot (煤烟) from the air each year, and a year later one of them was named Best Tall Buildin
15、g Worldwide.The Liuzhou project is a much more ambitious undertaking, however. Its homes, hospitals, hotels, schools and offices will be built on a 340acre site in what Boeri calls the first attempt to create an “urban environment that is really trying to find a balance with nature”. Its 100 species
16、 of plant life are expected to absorb almost 10,000 tons of carbon dioxide and 57 tons of pollutants per year, while at the same time producing 900 tons of lifegiving oxygen.Although the architects havent published the cost of the forest city, the Milan towers cost only five percent more than tradit
17、ional skyscrapers.The construction of his forest city at Liuzhou is set to begin in 2020, and there is still a great deal of planning and research required before a projected completion date can be set. However, Boeri remains optimistic about the project and has confidence in the soundness of his vi
18、sion：“I really think that bringing forests into the city is a way to deal with global warming.”本文是一篇说明文。为了改善环境，响应“可持续发展”的号召，柳州市聘用了著名建造设计师Stefano Boeri，计划在2020开始设计低碳环保的城市小区。5Whats Liuzhous attitude towards the sustainable development?AApproving. BCautious.CUnfavorable. DDoubtful.答案：A解析：推理判断题。根据第一段可知，
19、尽管很多城市对“零排放和可持续发展”理念不知所措甚至有些城市反对这个理念，但是柳州市的态度与它们大为不同；结合下文介绍的柳州市引进“城市森林”的小区设计可推知，对于可持续发展，柳州市的态度是赞同的，故A项正确。6Why is Stefano Boeri employed for the Liuzhou project?AHe volunteered to do the project.BHe is a famous architect in the world.CHe is the father of the forest recovery.DHe has gained experience
20、in similar projects.答案：D解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“He is the goto man.two residential (住宅的) towers”可知，由于设计“垂直森林”的成功，柳州市邀请Stefano Boeri设计类似的项目，故D项正确。7What does the underlined word “they” refer to?AThe architects.BThe two towers.CForests in the city.DThe residents of the city.答案：B解析：代词指代题。根据上文可知，Boeri成功设计了“垂直森
21、林”，两个住宅塔楼；结合画线词所在的句子可知，这两座住宅塔楼2014年完工，每年最多可消除17.5吨煤烟，其中一座被评为全球最佳高层建筑。由此可推知they指代上文中的“two residential (住宅的) towers”，故B项正确。8Whats the purpose of the Liuzhou project?ATo provide more jobs.BTo bring forest into city.CTo solve house shortage.DTo improve the environment.答案：D解析：推理判断题。根据第三段尾句可知，柳州的这种城市设计项目中
22、，有100种植物预计每年吸收近10 000吨二氧化碳和57吨污染物，同时产生900吨氧气。结合本文最后一句可知，Boeri认为把森林引入城市是应对全球变暖的一种方式。据此可推知，柳州的城市项目旨在改善环境，故D项正确。.七选五Nowadays along with the booming of computer science, computers are widely used here and there. People even can find computers in most classrooms. While teachers remain more or less the sa
23、me, computers are doubling in speed and capability every four years. _1_ As far as I am concerned, teachers still play a major role and are still of great importance._2_ However advanced they may be, computers are nothing more than human inventions programmed to perform certain tasks.They are unable
24、 to deal with students with different backgrounds. Needless to say, a classroom is a place where individual attention and creativity matter most. Therefore, computers are no better than other tools used by teachers and couldnt possibly make the roles played by them weaker.In terms of accuracy and th
25、e amount of information, computers outshine humans. _3_ Indeed, a good teacher organizes and inspires the students.Besides, the interaction between students and teachers is vital for the learning. According to most education authorities, real learning occurs during the discussion and sharing ideas w
26、ith ones teacher and classmates. Moreover, a teacher is there to monitor every slight change in students attitude, to respond to and encourage them whenever they show signs of frustration and impatience. _4_Despite the increasing presence of computers inside classrooms, teachers are just as essentia
27、l, if not more so, as instructors were in the past. _5_AIts time that teachers should develop themselves.BWithout this kind of interaction, education is unimaginable.CAdvanced as computers may be, some teachers are less important.DBut to make a good teacher means far more than being an encyclopedia
28、(百科全书)EPeople cant help wondering whether teachers are as important as they once were.FSome drawbacks make it impossible for computers to replace teachers in classrooms.GIt is well known that computers are better at repetitive work but incapable of creative thinking.本文是一篇议论文。随着计算机科学的发展，电脑越来越多地被应用到课堂
29、教学中。电脑虽然擅长重复工作，但是没有创造能力。老师的地位仍然和从前一样，是课堂教学的组织者和指导者。1E解析：空处承上启下，根据前一句可知，尽管老师几乎没有变化，但是电脑的运行速度和容量每四年就达双倍；根据后一句可知，至少我认为老师的作用仍然很重要；据此可推知，空处表示人们会对教师是否如先前一样重要产生怀疑，故E项符合语境。2G解析：根据空后一句可知，尽管电脑可能很先进，但是它们只是人们的发明，用来完成一些特定的任务；据此可知，空处应是介绍电脑的特点，即电脑擅长处理重复性的工作，但是没有创造性思维，故G项正确。3D解析：根据空后一句可知，一位优秀的老师应当能组织和鼓励学生；据此可推知，空处应
30、是介绍对优秀老师的标准的论述，即好老师不仅仅是百科全书，故D项正确。4B解析：由前一句可知，老师应当观察学生态度的改变，当他们表现出没有耐心或沮丧的迹象时应当及时回应并鼓励他们，即该处陈述的是师生之间的互动；据此可知，空处应当陈述这种师生互动的重要性，故B项正确。5F解析：根据前一句可知，尽管电脑在课堂上被推广使用，但是老师的地位仍然和以前一样重要；据此可知，空处与此对应，总结全文，说明电脑的缺陷使得电脑不可能在课堂上取代老师，故F项正确。.语法填空Amazon is publishing a new and improved Kindle. Its _1_ (thin) and lighte
31、r than the former one, and has a rounded design that makes it easier for one _2_ (hold) it with one hand. But whats most interesting is its characters for _3_ blind.The previous fourthgeneration Kindle Touch, which _4_ (come) out in 2011, has speakers, headphone jacks, and texttospeech functions. It
32、 is the last Kindle _5_ is accessible to those who have trouble seeing text. When Amazon updated its LCDscreen Fire tablets, the company removed the audio (音频的) character from the Kindle ereader line, thus _6_ (make) it inaccessible to blind users.The new Kindle will come with Bluetooth wireless tec
33、hnology. Much like Amazons voicecontrolled Echo, the new Kindle reads ebooks aloud when _7_ (connect) to bluetooth headphones or speakers. How easy it will be for blind people to pair the Kindle with a bluetooth audio device will _8_ (true) determine its accessibility. According to Amazon, the new K
34、indle may have no _9_ (difficult) in pairing with bluetooth, as long as the host device has good texttospeech technology, such as a builtin screen reader.While Amazon isnt the only ebook seller choice _10_ blind people, it has a majority share of the US ebook market, according to The Journal.本文是一篇说明
35、文。文章介绍了亚马逊发布的适合盲人使用的新版Kindle阅读器。1thinner解析：考查形容词。根据下文的and lighter than the former one可知表示对比。故用thin的比较级形式。2to_hold解析：考查非谓语动词。根据语境，圆形的设计使得用一只手握住它更容易。故用动词不定式作真正的宾语。3the解析：考查冠词。“the形容词”是固定搭配，表示一类人。故此处填the，表示盲人。4came解析：考查动词时态。根据空后的时间状语in 2011可知，此处表示过去的动作，且表示主动。故用一般过去时。5that解析：考查关系代词。先行词是Kindle，有the last修
36、饰，且在定语从句中作主语。故用that。6making解析：考查非谓语动词。动词make与逻辑主语之间是主动关系。故用现在分词making作结果状语。7connected解析：考查非谓语动词。根据语境，当新的Kindle被连接到蓝牙耳机或者扬声器上，connect的逻辑主语是Kindle，且它们之间是动宾关系。故用过去分词作状语。8truly解析：考查副词。修饰动词determine。故用副词形式。9difficulty解析：考查名词。所填词语作动词have的宾语，构成have no difficulty in doing sth.结构。故用其名词形式。10for解析：考查介词。根据语境，尽管对于盲人来说，亚马逊不是唯一的电子书销售商。故用介词for。