1、2021高考英语复习之高考真题阅读词块精析（十三）2018北京卷（A篇）My First Marathon(马拉松)A month before my first marathon,one of my ankles was injured and this meant not running for two weeks,leaving me only two weeks to train.Yet,I was determined to go ahead.I remember back to my 7th year in school.In my first P.E.class,the teac
2、her required us to run laps and then hit a softball.I didnt do either well.He later informed me that I was “not athletic”.The idea that I was “not athletic” stuck with me for years.When I started running in my 30s,I realized running was a battle against myself,not about competition or whether or not
3、 I was athletic.It was all about the battle against my own body and mind.A test of wills!The night before my marathon,I dreamt that I couldnt even find the finish line.I woke up sweating and nervous,but ready to prove something to myself.Shortly after crossing the start line,my shoe laces(鞋带) became
4、 untied.So I stopped to readjust.Not the start I wanted!At mile 3,I passed a sign:“GO FOR IT,RUNNERS!”By mile 17,I became out of breath and the once injured ankle hurt badly.Despite the pain,I stayed the course walking a bit and then running again.By mile 21,I was starving!As I approached mile 23,I
5、could see my wife waving a sign.She is my biggest fan.She never minded the alarm clock sounding at 4 a.m.or questioned my expenses on running.I was one of the final runners to finish.But I finished!And I got a medal.In fact,I got the same medal as the one that the guy who came in first place had.Det
6、ermined to be myself,move forward,free of shame and worldly labels(世俗标签),I can now call myself a “marathon winner”.词块梳理1：Firstadv. 第一；首先；优先；宁愿n. 第一；开始；冠军adj. 第一的；最早的；基本的num. 第一近义词：n. rank, ordinal number, ordinal, no., point, point in time, positionadj. archetypal, archetypical, prototypal, prototyp
7、ic, prototypical, basic, introductory反义词：n. last, intermediate, cardinal, closing, worst, second, reverse词组 | 习惯用语first time 第一次；第一时间at first 起先，首先；最初quality first 质量第一first of all adv. 首先customer first 客户至上；顾客至上first step 第一步，首要步骤first place 第一名first day n. 星期日first half 上半时；前半场first class 头等，第一流；最
8、高级first quarter 第一个季度；上弦月；上弦from the first 从头，自始；从一开始first choice 第一选择in the first half 上半场first order 一阶；初指令；第一级first phase 第一期；初相first sight 第一眼；乍看起来；初见first stage 第一阶段的；第一级的；第一期的first lady 第一夫人；总统夫人2：aheadadv. 向前；预先；领先adj. 向前的；领先的近义词：adj. up反义词：n. downn. back, backward词组 | 习惯用语ahead of 在之前go ahea
9、d 前进；进行forge ahead 继续进行，取得进展ahead of time 提前；提早ahead of schedule adv. 提前straight ahead 一直向前；主流爵士乐get ahead 获得成功；取得进步；走在前面look ahead 预测未来，计划未来go straight ahead 一直往前走move ahead 前进；进行；进展go ahead with 继续进行，继续press ahead 继续进行push ahead 向前推进lie ahead 即将来临；在前面keep ahead 领先；保持领先地位on ahead 抢先，提前a step ahead
10、棋先一招，领先一步ahead of the game 领先，占优势；捷足先登get ahead of v. 胜过think ahead 事先考虑；预见3： remembervt. & vi. 记得; 牢记vt. 送钱礼物给时 态: remembered, remembering, remembers 形容词: rememberable名 词: rememberer近义词：v. bequeath, will, leave, mention, advert, bring up, cite反义词：n. forget, block, blank out, draw a blank, bury解析：me
11、morize: 指有意识的下功夫把某事的整个细节都记在脑子里。remember: 含义较广，多指无意识地回忆起往事，也可指通过主观努力去记忆。recall: 比remember文雅，指想方设法回忆已经遗忘之事。recollect: 指在记忆中搜索，设法想起一时想不起的事情或人，强调过程。remind: 指经某人或某事的提醒而回忆起某件已遗忘之事。词组 | 习惯用语remember oneself 约束自己；检点；(犯过失后)反省；仔细想一想；恢复镇定remember someone to someone 代某人向某人致意(或问好)remember to do 记得要做某事；记得去做某事reme
12、mber doing 记着已经做过的事remember of 记得，想起when you remember 当你想起的时候4：stickvt. 粘贴；刺，戳；伸出vi. 粘住；坚持；伸出n. 棍；手杖；呆头呆脑的人时 态: stuck sticking, sticks 近义词：n. implement, limb, tree branch, lever, butter, margarine, margarinv. fasten, fix, secure, stay in place, put, set, place解析：cane: 多指用藤或竹制成的细长的手杖。 stick: 普通用词，指木制
13、的细长手杖。staff: 多指走路爬山时用作支持或防卫使用的长木棒。词组 | 习惯用语stick with 坚持；继续做；保持联系stick it out 坚持到底stick in 在家stick together 在一起；团结一致；互相支持stick on 保持在之上；贴上memory stick 记忆棒stick around v. 逗留；在附近徘徊stick out 突出；坚持；醒目stick at v. 坚持；犹豫；努力做walking stick n. 手杖on the stick 俚十分用心；非常用功stick up 竖起；伸直；突出big stick n. 大棒政策（凭借本国实力
14、用武力威胁别国的政策）；云梯stick it on 俚语;索取高价;夸大其词;stick into 插入；伸入stick up for 维护，支持；为辩护out in the sticks 美国口语远离城镇，在偏远地区carrot and stick 软硬兼施的；胡萝卜棍棒并用的stick in the mud v. 陷入泥坑stick by 忠于；坚持5：inform1. vt. 通知；告诉；报告 2. vi. 告发；告密词组习惯用语informer n. 通知者；控告人；告密者informed 1. adj. 消息灵通的；见多识广的 2. v. 通知；使了解；提供资料（inform的过去分
15、词）informing adj. 提供情报的,增长见闻的,鼓舞的misinform 告诉.错误的消息infamy n. 声名狼籍；恶行informing adj. 增长见闻的；提供情报的；鼓舞的; v. 通知；报告；使了解（inform的ing形式）;inform about 告发；通知；告诉informed sources 消息灵通人士inform with 使活跃well informed 消息灵通的；见多识广的informed of 听说；接到的通知informed choice 知情选择inform you 通知你to inform 告知；报告informed consent 知情同意
16、，知会同意；知后同意6：injurevt. 伤害，损害时 态: injured, injuring, injures 名 词: injurer近义词：v. hurt, arouse, elicit, enkindle, kindle, evoke, fire解析：hurt: 普通用词，较口语化，侧重指给有生命的东西造成机体上或精神、感情上的或轻或重的伤害。injure: 较hurt正式，多用于有生命的事物。既可指伤害别人的事物。即可指伤害别人的健康、外貌、自尊心、名誉等，又可指使别人受伤或东西受损，同时含有受伤害部分至少暂时丧失功能的意味。wound: 专指对身体的重伤，尤指在战斗中受的伤，强
17、调外部创伤；也可指精神方面的伤害。harm: 主要用于有生命的东西，语气略强于injure，指引起严重的痛苦和损伤；有时也用于抽象事物，指造成任何不良后果。 damage: 通常指对无生命物体的损害，并有降低其价值，破坏其功能等的后果。disable: 强调使伤残。7： painn. 疼痛；努力vt. 使痛苦；使烦恼vi. 引起疼痛；感到疼痛时 态: pained, paining, pains 近义词：n. symptom, feeling, somesthesia, somaesthesia, somatesthesia, somatic sensation, unpleasant per
18、sonv. hurt, upset, discompose, untune, disconcert, discomfit反义词：n. pleasure, pleasance解析：ache: 指人体某一器官较持久的疼痛，常常是隐痛。pain: 可与ache换用，但pain既可指一般疼痛，也可指剧痛，疼痛范围可以是局部或全身，时间可长可短。也可引申指精神上的痛苦。sore: 指身体某部位的痛处，有是也指精神上的痛苦。词组 | 习惯用语in pain 痛苦abdominal pain 腹痛back pain 背痛no pain 没有痛苦；不痛chest pain 胸痛feel pain 感觉到疼痛；
19、觉得疼痛low back pain 下背痛，下腰痛pain in the neck 极讨厌的人或事physical pain 生理痛pain threshold 生理痛阈stomach pain 胃痛severe pain 激痛，剧痛sharp pain 医锐痛pain past is pleasure 苦尽甘来acute pain 急性痛；剧烈的疼痛pelvic pain 骨盆病intense pain 剧烈疼痛；剧痛unbearable pain 难以忍受的痛苦spare no pains 不遗余力，全力以赴feel no pain 不觉得痛8：approachvt. & vi. 接近,
20、走近, 靠近vt. 接洽, 交涉; 着手处理n. 靠近, 接近, 临近；通路, 入口, 途径；方式, 方法时 态: approached, approaching, approaches 近义词：n. conceptualization, conceptualisation, formulation, motion, movement, move, wayv. come, come up, approximate, come close, act, move, address解析：manner: 多指行动的特殊方式或独特的方法。method: 指有系统、有条理地办事或解决问题的方法。way:
21、普通用词，可指一般的方法，有时也指个人的方法或方式，也可指特殊的方式或方法。mode: 书面用词，常指因个人爱好或传统习俗等因素而遵循的方法。fashion: 着重独特的程序或方式，尤指个人的偏爱或习惯。means: 指为达到某种目的或目标而采用的方法、手段或途径。approach: 指从事某事的特别方法、途径。词组 | 习惯用语new approach 新方案；新做法an approach to 学习.的入门；学习.的途径basic approach 基本方法approach with 以方式处理；向提出建议design approach 设计方法；设计方式research approach
22、 研究途径；研究方案analysis approach 分析方法；分析研究systematic approach 系统观点，系统研究法make an approach to 对进行探讨9：determinedvt. & vi. (使)下决心, (使)做出决定vt. 确定, 测定；限定; 制定; 支配时 态: determined, determining, determines 近义词：v. cause, do, make, choose, take, select, pick out解析：decide: 侧重指经过思考、比较、讨论或询问之后做出的决定。determine: 指经过深思熟虑，决
23、心去做某事并坚持施行。resolve: 语气较强，强调以坚定不移的信念去做或不做某事，暗含有远大抱负和坚强决心。settle: 指排除犹豫、怀疑和争论之后作出明确的最终结论。词组 | 习惯用语determining n. 决定；测定（determine的ing形式）determines 决心; 确定;determined adj. 决定了的；坚决的; v. 决定；断定（determine的过去分词）;determine v. （使）下决心，（使）做出决定; vt. 决定，确定；判定，判决；限定; vi. 确定；决定；判决，终止；主用于法律了结，终止，结束;genetically determined 基因决定的determine to 决定determining factors 决定因素（determining factor的复数形式）to determine 确定；决定determined value 统计 确定值
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