1、Unit 3 Fairness for allSection Learning about Language核 心 要 点 探 究(教材 P26).a black man who is accused of a crime he didnt commit一个被指控他没有犯罪行的黑人。(1)accuse vt.谴责;控告As long as you do what you can,no one will accuse you even if you fail it in the future.只要你尽力而为,即使将来失败也没有人会指责你。I mustered up enough courage
2、to accuse him.我鼓起足够的勇气控告他。accuse sb.of.控告某人accusing adj.指责的,谴责的Her accusing eyes were fixed on him.她用责备的目光盯着他。How dare you accuse me of lying!你怎敢谴责我说谎!blame/accuse/chargeblame“责怪”、“指责”、“归咎于”,指由于错误、过失而指责别人,侧重指对产生的不良后果负有责任。常用结构有:be to blame for sth.;to blame sb.for sth.;to blame sth.on sb.。accuse“指责”、
3、“指控”,语气比 blame 强,指指责或指控某人的过错或罪行,可用于一般意义上的指责或责难,也可用于法律意义上的指控或控告。常用结构有:accuse sb.of(doing)sth./be accused of。charge“指责”、“指控”、“控告”。用法同 accuse,语气比 accuse强,多指较严重的错误或罪行,而且往往指向法庭提出正式起诉。常用结构有:charge sb.with sth.。选词填空:blame,accuse,chargeWe all _ him of immoral behavior against her.Dont _ him for breaking tha
4、t vase;after all,he is a child.He _ the minister with lying about the present economy at the meeting.【答案】accused blame charged(2)commit vt.犯罪;做(不合法的或错的事);承诺The novelist made his heroine commit suicide at the end of the book.那位小说家在书的结尾让女主人公自杀了。commit oneself(to sth./doing sth.)承诺(做某事)commit suicide 自
5、杀commitment n.承诺He refused to commit himself to any sort of promise.他拒不做出任何承诺。完成句子他保证按时付房租。He made a _ to pay the rent on time.他没有做任何承诺。He didnt _ anything.【答案】commitment commit himself to语 法 专 项 突 破 英语时态时态是英语学习中一个至关重要的内容,同学们在实际应用中,往往对时态问题倍感棘手,下面我们就八种时态以列表的形式做一归纳比较。概念时间状语一般现在时表示经常发生或随时都在发生的事情或永久的状况。
6、often,usually,always,sometimes,every day(week,month),once a week,on Mondays,etc.eg:They go to work by bike every day.他们每天骑自行车去上班。基本结构一般疑问句否定形式 1.be 动词(am/is/are)2.do/does1.把动词 be 放于句首。2.用助动词 do 提问,如主语为第三人称单数,则用 does 提问。1.am/is/arenot2.此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词,则在其前加 dont;若主语为第三人称单数,则用doesnt。现在进行时表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的
7、动作或状态。now,at this time,these days,etc.eg:They are showing us around the farm.他们带我们参观农场。现在进行时表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作或状态。now,at this time,these days,etc.eg:They are showing us around the farm.他们带我们参观农场。am/is/aredoing把 be 动词放 在 句首。am/is/are not doing 一般过去时表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常 性 的 动作、行为。ago,yesterday,las
8、t week(month,year.),in 2 000,just now,one day,long long ago,etc.eg:He went there yesterday.他昨天去了那里。1.was/were2.did1.把was或 were 放于句首。2.用 助 动词 did 放句 首 提问。1.was/werenot2.在 行 为动 词 前 加didnt。过去进行时表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的动作或行为。at this time yesterday或以 when 引导的句子是一般过去时的时间状语等。eg:I was reading at nine yesterday
9、 morning.昨天上午 9 点我在读书。was/weredoing把 was 或were 放在句首。was/werenotdoing 现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或动作从过去已经开始,持续到现在(可能还会继续进行下去)的动作或状态。already,yet,just,ever,never,before,recently,in the past few years 等,及由for 或 since 引导的时间状语。eg:He hasnt got up yet.他还没有起床。have/hasdone把 have 或has 放 在句首。have/has not do
10、ne 一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态及将来的打算、计划或准备做某事。tomorrow,tomorrow morning/afternoon,the day after tomorrow,next Sunday/week/year/month,soon,in a few days/minutes,etc.eg:Ill see a friend tomorrow.明天我要见个朋友。1.be going todo2.will/shalldo1.be 放在句首。2.will/shall 提到句首。1.benotgoing todo2.will/shallnotdo过去完成时表示在过
11、去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作,或在过去某一时间之前已经开始并一直持续到那时的动作或状态。表示“过去的过去”。与 by,before 等构成的过去时间短语连用或用于 when,before,until 等引导的从句中。由 said,asked,told,thought等引导的宾语从句中。eg:When I rushed to the cinema,the film had begun.当我冲进影院时,电影已经开始了。haddonehad 放于句首。hadnotdone 过去将来时表示在过去的某个时候看来将要发生的动作或者存在的状态。The next day(morning,year)
12、,the following month(week),etc.eg:He said his mother would buy a bike for him.他说他妈妈要给他买一辆自行车。My brother told me he wouldnt believe Jack any more.我弟弟告诉我他再也不会相信杰克了。1.woulddo2.was/were going todo1.would 提到句首。2.was或were提到句首1.wouldnotdo2.was/werenotgoing todo确定句子时态的三大诀窍一、简单句,最基本,时间状语是标准,信息词汇要留心。要确定一个动词在具
13、体的句子中到底用什么样的时态,首先要理解各种时态的概念、其语法形式和基本用法,其次是要记住与各种时态经常配合使用的时间状语及相关的信息词,如 at this time yesterday经常与过去进行时态连用;often,always 经常与一般现在时态或一般过去时态连用;yet 常与现在完成时态连用;“Look!”或“Listen!”暗示其后的句子应该用现在进行时态等等。也就是说,在没有上下文的情况下常要靠时间状语或相关的信息词来确定句子的时态。二、并列句,前后看,时间关系是关键。一个并列句,如果两个分句的谓语动词在同一时间发生(过去、现在或将来),前后两分句的时态应保持一致;如果两个分句的
14、谓语动词表示不同时间的动作或状态,则前后两个分句的时态就不一样。所以确定并列句谓语动词的时态关键是要分析谓语动词所表示的动作或状态发生或存在的时间关系。三、复合句,句套句,动词时态要呼应,习惯用法须记清。复合句是由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的,故主、从句之间有一种时态呼应关系。如果主句是一般现在时态,则宾语从句根据需要选择相应时态;如果主句是一般过去时态,则宾语从句一般用过去时态,即一般过去时态、过去进行时态、过去将来时态或过去完成时态。有时语法规则并不能概括所有的语言现象,所以一些习惯用法必须遵循。如果宾语从句表示的是不受时间限制的客观真理,尽管主句是一般过去时态,宾语从句也得用一般
15、现在时态;when,as soon as,until 等引导的时间状语从句或 if 引导的条件状语从句,通常用一般现在时态表示将来。其基本格式是:一般将来时态的陈述句或祈使句时间或条件状语从句。还需要注意积累一些其他的时态搭配关系。.完成句子1我以为我不会喜欢这部电影,但实际上它相当好。I didnt think Id like the movie,but _2当你到家时,给我打个电话,好让我知道你平安到达。When you are home,give a call to let me know_.3在澳大利亚发现金子,这使成千上万的人相信他们就要发财了。The discovery of go
16、ld in Australia led thousands to believe that _4琳达,一定确保在客人到达之前把桌子摆好。Linda,make sure_before the guests arrive.5对不起,我没意识到我挡着你的路。Excuse me,_【答案】1.actually it was pretty good 2.you have arrived safely 3.a fortune was to be made 4.the tables are set 5.I didnt realize I was blocking your way.用所给词的适当形式填空1S
17、hanghai _(lie)in the east of China.2When I was a child,I often _(play)football in the street.3It was the third time that the boy _(be)late.4I _(know)Xiao Li since she was a little girl.5The boy _(do)his homework when his father came back from work.6We _(begin)our class as soon as the teacher comes.7
18、I _(do)my homework this time tomorrow.8By the end of next month,he _(travel)1,000 miles on foot.9Dont make noise;your father _(sleep)in the bedroom.10By the end of last term we _(finish)the task.【答案】1.lies 2.played 3.had been 4.have known 5.was doing 6.will begin 7.will be doing 8.will have travelled 9.is sleeping 10.had finishedThank you for watching!