1、Unit 3A taste of English humour卓别林(Charlie Chaplin,1889年4月16日1977年12月25日)著名喜剧电影演员、导演、制片人。20世纪最卓越的喜剧电影大师、伟大的批判现实主义艺术家、反法西斯的和平、民主战士。卓别林比任何人都更好地表现了我们时代的甘苦，半个世纪以来，他以他的丰富的想象力融合了所有人的欢笑和泪水，使人们对他的天赋赞叹不已。My favourite English teacher could draw humour out of the driest material.We werent forced to learn.He to
2、ok Samuel Johnsons dictionary，Joseph Addisons essays，and many other literary wonders from the eighteenth century and made them hilarious，even at eight oclock in the morning.The thing that amazed me most was that the first time I read these works on my own，some of which seemed dead，but the second tim
3、e，after his explanation，I couldnt believe that I hadnt seen the humour.The stories and poems and plays were suddenly filled with allusions(典故)and irony and hilarious moments.I learned more from him than from any other teacher.My least favourite English teacher also made people laugh.Some students fo
4、und him wonderfully funny.Many others did not.He assigned journals over a six-week period，to be written every day.At the end of the six weeks I had a notebook full of bits and pieces about my ideas，short stories，reactions to what we had read，and so on.Our teacher announced that we would be grading e
5、ach others journals.Mine was passed to Joe，that class clown，who always behaved in a funny or silly way.He saw it fit to make a joke of and said，“This writing isnt fit to line the bottom of a birdcage.”Our teacher laughed at that funny remark.It hurt me so much that the anger from it has driven my wr
6、iting and teaching ever since.So what makes the difference？Humour is one of the most powerful tools teachers or writers have.It can make students and readers excited about literature and writing，or it can tear them apart.It is true that humour is either productive or counter-productive and self-defe
7、ating.根据文章内容判断正(T)误(F)。1We were forced to learn because of my English teacher.()2The stories and poems and plays were suddenly filled with allusions and irony and hilarious moments.()3My favourite teacher also made people laugh.()4Our teacher let us grade each others journals.()5Humor is the most po
8、werful tool teachers or writers have.()答案 1.F 2.T 3.F 4.T 5.FPart Warming up，Prereading，Reading&Comprehending课前自主预习.重点单词1_n 喜剧2_adj.满足的；满意的n.满足vt.使满足3_adj.平常的；普通的4_adj.厌烦的5_prep.遍及；贯穿 adv.到处；始终；全部6_adj.无家可归的；无家的7_n.小胡子8_adj.用旧的；用坏的；破烂的9_n.失败(者)10_vt.&vi.战胜；克服11_vt.&vi.嚼碎；咀嚼(食物)12_adj.突出的；杰出的；显著的13_n
9、.姿态；手势vi.做手势答案 edy 2.content 2.ordinary 4.bored 5.throughout 6.homeless 7.moustache 8.worn 9.failure 10.overcome 11.chew 12.outstanding 13.gesture.词汇拓展1_n.幽默；滑稽_adj.幽默的；滑稽的2_n.表演者；演出者_vt.表演；演出_n.演出；表演3_vt.使惊诧_adj.令人感到惊讶的_adj.吃惊的_n.惊讶4_adj.幸运的；吉利的_adv.幸运地；吉利地_adv.不幸地5_vt.&vi.使欢乐；款待_n.欢乐；款待_adj.愉快的；有趣
10、的6_vt.使信服_adj.令人信服的7_vt.&vi.导演；指示；指挥 adj.直的；直接的；直率的_n.指挥；指导者_n.方向答案 1.humo(u)r；humo(u)rous2performer；perform；performance3astonish；astonishing；astonished；astonishment4fortunate；fortunately；unfortunately5entertain；entertainment；entertaining6convince；convincing7direct；director；direction.重点短语1up to now
11、_2feel/be content with _3badly off _4pick out _5cut off _6担任主角；主演 _7破门而入 _8寻找 _9(时间)过去；流逝；依照；遵循 _10照料；照顾 _ 答案 1.直到现在 2.对满足 3.穷的；缺少的 4.挑出；辨别出 5.切断；断绝 6.star in 7.break into8in search of 9.go by 10.look after.重点句式1as引导非限制性定语从句_，“Laughter is the sun that drives winter from the human face”，and up to now
12、 nobody has been able to do this better than Charlie Chaplin.正如维克多雨果曾经说的“笑声如驱走人们脸上寒冬的太阳”。关于这一点，直到现在也没有人能比查理卓别林做得更好。2“by时间名词”通常和完成时连用_，Charlie _，through his humour，_one of the most popular child actors in England.在十多岁的时候，查理凭借着自己的幽默已经在英国成为最受欢迎的童星之一。3with复合结构Instead he and another man are hiding in a s
13、mall hut during a snowstorm _.相反，他和另一个人被暴风雪困在一个小木屋中，没有任何东西可吃。4as if/as though引导方式状语从句Then he picks out the lace of the shoe and eats it _it were spaghetti.然后他挑出鞋带来吃，像是吃意大利面条一样。答案 1.As Victor Hugo once said2By his teens；had；become3with nothing to eat 4.as if.课文理解1How do you understand the sentence“La
14、ughter is the sun that drives winter from the human face”？ALaughter is the power to drive winter away and welcome warm spring.BLaughter can keep ones face warm，especially during freezing winter.CLaughter can make people forget their problems and make them feel happy.DLaughter can give people warmth，
15、so their faces are not cold.2In The Gold Rush，Chaplin and the other fellow eat one of his leather shoes because_.Athey are interested in itBthe shoe is deliciousCthey want to make the people laughDthey are very hungry3People enjoy seeing other peoples bad luck because_.Athey enjoy doing soBit makes
16、people more worried about their lifeCit makes people more content with their lifeDtheres much fun in doing so4The little tramp is well-known because_.AChaplin played a poor and homeless personBthe character was a social failureCthe character is funny-lookingDthough being a social failure，the little
17、tramp was optimistic and determined and always kind to others5Whats the authors attitude to Charlie Chaplin?APositive.BNegative.CSerious.DAppreciative.答案 15 CDCDD教材原文A MASTER OF NONVERBAL HUMOURAs Victor Hugo once said，“Laughter is the sun that drives winter from the human face”，and up to now nobody
18、 has been able to do this better than Charlie Chaplin.He brightened the lives of Americans and British through two world wars and the hard years in between.He made people laugh at a time when they felt depressed,so they could feel more content with their lives.Not that Charlies own life was easy!He
19、was born in a poor family in 1889.His parents were both poor music hall performers.You may find it astonishing that Charlie was taught to sing as soon as he could speak and dance as soon as he could walk.Such training was common in acting families at this time,especially when the family income was o
20、ften uncertain.Unfortunately his father died，leaving the family even worse off,so Charlie spent his childhood looking after his sick mother and his brother.By his teens,Charlie had,through his humour,become one of the most popular child actors in England.He could mime and act the fool doing ordinary
21、 everyday tasks.No one was ever bored watching himhis subtle acting made everything entertaining.As time went by,he began making films.He grew more and more popular as his charming character,the little tramp,became known throughout the world.The tramp,a poor,homeless man with a moustache,wore large
22、trousers,worn-out shoes and a small round black hat.He walked around stiffly carrying a walking stick.This character was a social failure but was loved for his optimism and determination to overcome all difficulties.He was the underdog who was kind even when others were unkind to him.How did the lit
23、tle tramp make a sad situation entertaining?Here is an example from one of his most famous films，The Gold Rush.It is toward the end of the nineteenth century and gold has just been discovered in Alaska.Like so many others,the little tramp has rushed there in search of gold,but without success.Instea
24、d he and another man are hiding in a small hut during a snowstorm with nothing to eat.They are so hungry that the little tramp tries boiling one of his leather shoes for dinner.Charlie cuts off the leather top of the shoe and shares the shoe with the other fellow.He tries cutting and chewing the bot
25、tom of the shoe as if it were the finest steak.Then he picks out the lace of the shoe and eats it as if it were spaghetti.He eats each mouthful with great enjoyment.The acting is so convincing that it makes you believe that it is one of the best meals he has ever tasted.Charlie Chaplin wrote,directe
26、d and produced the films he starred in.In 1972 he was given a special Oscar for his outstanding work in films.He lived in England and the USA but spent his last years in Switzerland,where he was buried in 1977.He is loved and remembered as a great actor who could inspire people with great confidence
27、.译文参照非语言幽默大师正如维克多雨果曾说的“笑声如驱走人们脸上寒冬的太阳”，直到现在在这方面也没人能够做得比查理卓别林更好。在两次世界大战以及其间困难的时期，他给美国人和英国人的生活带来了快乐。在人们感到沮丧的时候，他可以使他们开怀大笑，于是人们就对自己的生活感到比较满足。查理自己的生活并不那么容易！他在1889年出生于一个贫困的家庭。他的父母都是戏院里贫穷的演员。你可能会感到惊奇，查理刚会说话时大人就教他唱歌，他刚会走路时大人就教他跳舞了。这种训练在当时表演家庭里是很普遍的，尤其在家庭收入通常不稳定的情况下。不幸的是他父亲去世了，这使得他的家境更加贫困，因此查理的童年是在照顾生病的母亲和弟
28、弟中度过的。查理十多岁时靠幽默成为了英国最著名的童星之一。他能够用哑剧动作模仿傻子做日常琐事。观看他的表演从来没人感到厌烦，他的精湛表演使一切变得十分有趣。随着时间的推移，他开始拍电影。他塑造的可爱的“小流浪汉”的角色开始闻名于世，他也变得越来越受欢迎。那个小流浪汉十分贫穷，无家可归，他留着小胡子，穿着大裤子和磨破的鞋子，头顶黑色小圆帽。他手持拐杖僵硬地走着。这个角色是社会中的失败者，但是他的乐观精神和战胜困难的决心使他深受(观众的)喜爱。面对并不善待他的人，这个弱者依然保持友善。这个小流浪汉如何使悲伤的氛围变得有趣呢？下面是一个例子，选自他的最著名电影之一淘金记。那是在19世纪末，阿拉斯加刚
29、刚发现了金子。像其他许多人一样，这个小流浪汉也赶到那儿去淘金，但却没有成功。相反，他和另一个人被暴风雪困在一个小木屋里，没有任何东西可吃。他们太饿了以至于这个小流浪汉试着煮一只皮鞋当饭吃。查理切下那只皮鞋的鞋面和同伴分享。他试着切和嚼鞋底，就像是最美味的牛排。然后他挑出那只鞋的鞋带，就像吃意大利面一样吃起来。他每一口都嚼得津津有味。卓别林的表演是那么有说服力，以至于你会相信这顿饭是他所吃过的最美味的一顿！查理卓别林自编、自导、自制他主演的电影。1972年，他被授予奥斯卡特别奖，以表彰他在电影界的杰出工作。他在英国和美国生活，但却在瑞士度过了生命中最后的几年，并于1977年安葬在那里。他是个伟大
30、的演员，激励人们，并增强他们的信心，受到人们的热爱和怀念。课堂互动探究 That rich man is tired of city life，so he is content to live in the country.那位富人厌倦了城市生活，因此他愿意生活在乡下。Andy is content with the toy.It is the best he has ever got.安迪对这个玩具很满意，这是他得到的最好的玩具。He contents himself with what he owns.他满足于自己所拥有的。(1)be content to do sth.满意做某事feel
31、/be content with 对满足(2)content oneself with 满足于to ones hearts content 尽情地做某事content of 的容量，含量名师点津 content 作“所含之物”解时，通常用复数形式。即学即用写出下列句子中content的词性和词义The book is rich in content._I am very content with my life at present._Simple praise is enough to content him._答案 名词；内容 形容词；满意的 动词；使满足It was astonishin
32、g that she should accept such a challenging job.令人吃惊的是她竟然接受这么具有挑战性的工作。Much to my astonishment，she still remembered my name!使我万分惊讶的是，她仍然记得我的名字！But result will come，and you will be astonished at/by the changes.但是一定会有结果的，而且你一定会对这些变化感到诧异。(1)astonish vt.使惊讶what astonishes sb.is.令某人吃惊的是(2)astonished adj.对
33、感到吃惊的be astonished at/by 对感到惊讶be astonished that./to do.惊讶于/做某事感到惊讶(3)astonishment n.惊异；惊讶in astonishment 吃惊地(用作状语)to ones astonishment 令某人吃惊的是(多用作插入语)即学即用单句语法填空The audience looked _ when they learned that the girl had such an_ talent for singing.(astonish)We were_(astonish)to find the temple still
34、in its original condition.The new houses have been built at_(astonish)speed.To our_，he wasnt_ at the_ news at all.(astonish)答案 astonished；astonishing astonishedastonishing astonishment；astonished；astonishing I entertained my friends to dinner yesterday evening.昨晚我招待朋友吃晚饭。The clown entertained the ch
35、ildren with all kinds of tricks.那个小丑以各种把戏逗乐儿童。(1)entertain vt.&vi.使欢乐；款待entertain sb.with sth.sb.be entertained with sth.用某物使某人快乐entertain sb.to sth.用某物招待某人(2)entertainment n.娱乐；文娱节目entertained adj.(感到)愉快的巧学助记Bob and Liz entertained us to dinner last night.During the time Bob told us many jokes for
36、entertainment，making it an entertaining night.Bob和Liz昨晚设宴款待我们，期间Bob讲了很多笑话娱乐我们，让我们度过了一个愉快的夜晚。即学即用单句语法填空It is said that the early European playing-cards were designed for_(entertain)and education.She entertained all the children_stories，songs and dramas.The TV program is much more_(entertain)now.Simon
37、 remains one of the top_(entertain)答案 entertainment with entertaining entertainers The failure was a big blow to him，but he wasnt discouraged and soon got as enthusiastic as ever.这次失败对他来说是个大的打击，但是他并未感到沮丧并且很快变得和以前一样充满热情。A quick review of successes and failures at the end of year will help shape your
38、year ahead.年终时快速回顾一年的成功和失败将有助于你决定来年的发展。(1)failure 作“失败”讲是不可数名词，表示抽象意义；作“失败者，失败的事”讲是可数名词，表示具体意义。这种用法被称为“抽象名词的具体化”。(2)可作可数名词用的抽象名词：不可数 可数success 成功 a success 成功的人/事danger 危险 a danger 危险的人/因素surprise 吃惊 a surprise 意想不到的事business 生意 a business 企业beauty 美丽 a beauty 美人即学即用单句语法填空He was_failure as an actor，
39、but he made_big success in his business.Do not let any_(failure)discourage you，for you can never tell how close you may be to victory.It was obvious that the policy was_failure.答案 a；a failures aWhat she said convinced me that I was mistaken.她说的话让我相信我错了。Weve been trying to convince him to give up the
40、 plan.我们一直在试图说服他放弃那个计划。His speech was so convincing that everyone present believed what he said.他的演讲很令人信服，以至于在场的所有人都相信他所说的话。(1)convince sb.of sth.使某人确信/明白某事convince sb.that.使某人相信convince sb.to do sth.说服某人做某事(2)convincing adj.令人信服的convinced adj.确信的；坚信的be convinced(that)/of.(某人)相信即学即用单句语法填空Im not_(con
41、vince)that your idea will work，but Ill keep an open mind for it.Scientists are convinced_the positive effect of laughter on physical and mental health.Up to now，the lawyer hasnt provided any_(convince)evidence of his guilt.答案 convinced of convincing Now we have the most direct evidence yet that he i
42、s right.我们现在有直接证据证明他是对的。The general directed that the guns(should)clean very often.将军指示这些炮要经常擦拭。At the sound，the birds in the tree flew in all directions.听到枪声，树上的鸟儿向四面八方飞去。(1)direct sb.to do sth.指示某人做某事direct sb.to some place 告诉某人去某地direct that-clause 指示/命令(从句谓语动词用“should动词原形”，should可以省略)(2)directio
43、n n.方向；方位；指示in the direction of 朝的方向in all directions 四面八方under sb.s direction 在某人的指示下(3)directly adv.直接地；立即(也可作连词，引导时间状语从句，表示“一就”)director n.导演即学即用单句语法填空Be sure to read the_(direct)carefully before you take the medicine so that it can function better.He answered me very_(direct)and openly._(direct)
44、by the teacher，all the students have learned how to refer to the dictionary.With the help of his friends，Dave overcame many difficulties and finally became a successful_(direct)答案 directions directly Directed directorThe scientist is doing an experiment no one has tried up to now.这位科学家正在做一项迄今为止没人做过的
45、实验。Up to now，the program has saved thousands of children who would otherwise have died.截止到现在，这个项目已经挽救了成千上万的本来会死去的孩子的生命。up to还可表示下列含义：(1)“多达；至多”；后面常接数字(2)“从事于；忙于”；有时含有“密谋干坏事”之意(3)“由决定”，常用it作主语(4)“胜任；适合”(5)“是的职责”名师点津(1)up to now意为“直到现在”，常与现在完成时连用，可放于句首、句尾或句中。(2)up to now的同义词组有up to present，so far，till
46、 now等。即学即用写出下列句子中up to的含义Up to 10,000 students have dropped off school this year._What is he up to now?Its up to you to decide whether to go or not._He is not up to his work._答案 多达 忙于 由决定 胜任；适合We are not that badly off to beg.我们还没穷到去乞讨的地步。The victims in this earthquake are badly off for blankets，and
47、 even worse off for food.这次地震的受害者需要毯子，更需要食物。If he had worked hard when young，he would be well offnow.如果他年轻时努力工作，现在就能过得舒服些。(1)be badly off for sth.be short of/be lacking in 某物短缺；不够be worse off 更穷的(2)be well off 有钱；富裕；境况良好be well off for sth.某物充裕be better off 境况较好go from bad to worse 每况愈下to make matte
48、rs/things worsewhat is worse更为糟糕的是即学即用 完成句子Though he_in the past，he_now by working hard.尽管过去他很穷，但通过努力工作他现在很富有。It is said that the company_some skilled workers at present.据说这家公司目前缺少一些技术工人。答案 was badly off；is well offis badly off for/is short of His house was broken into last week.上个星期，他的房屋曾有人闯入。The s
49、un broke through at around lunch time.大约午饭时分，太阳破云而出。Peter broke down and was unable to work for a year.彼得身体垮掉后一年没能上班。break away 脱离；离开break down 停止运转；出故障；垮掉break off 结束(关系)；(使)折断break out 爆发；突然发生break through 冲破；突破；从云层后露出break up (使)破裂；分解巧学助记The poor man was so unlucky.A month ago，some strangers brok
50、e into his house and took him into a truck.He didnt know who they were and where they would go.All the connections with his family were broken off.After some days drive，the truck suddenly broke down.And he caught the chance to break away from the strangers.这个穷人很不幸。一个月以前，一些陌生人闯进他的家，把他带到一辆卡车上。他不知道他们是谁
51、，他们要(带他)去哪儿。他和家人的所有联系都被切断了。行驶了几天之后，卡车突然出了故障，他抓住这个机会摆脱了那几个陌生人。即学即用单句语法填空Researchers in Spain and England recently found that the worms of the greater wax moth(大蜡螟)can break_polyethylene(聚乙烯)，which accounts for 40%of plastics.How the big forest fire has broken_remains to be a mystery.My house was brok
52、en_yesterday.Fortunately，nothing was stolen.Because my uncle had too much pressure at work，his health finally broke_.While I was explaining my point of view，he broke_to argue with me.答案 down out into down inThe water supply has been cut off for several days in the city.这个城市的水供应已经被切断好几天了。Busy with hi
53、s project，he felt cut off from the outside.由于忙于他的工程，他感到与外界隔绝了。The doctor told him to cut down on his drinking.医生劝他少喝酒。cut across 走捷径；抄近路穿过cut down 砍倒；删节；削减cut in 插嘴；插入cut out 剪除；删掉cut up 切碎即学即用单句语法填空She always focused on what her friend said and seldom cut_.Dont cut _the tree that gives you shade.Fi
54、nally he reached a lonely island which was completely cut _from the outside world.We can gain some time if we cut_this field.答案 in down off across He picked out an old friend in the crowds at the station.他在车站的人群中认出了一位老朋友。You are lucky enough to be picked out from so many applicants for the job.你很幸运能
55、从那么多的求职者中被选中做这份工作。Dont pick up any of these flowers.这些花一朵也不要采。pick up 捡起；拾起；开车接；(偶然)获得；学会；恢复；好转；(在无线电里)收听到pick off 瞄准射击；摘去pick on 故意刁难；找别扭；选择(某人或某物)pick over 精挑细选即学即用 单句语法填空It was so dark in the cinema that I could hardly pick_my friend.Its surprising that your brother picked_Russian so quicklyhe ha
56、snt lived there very long.I was no longer satisfied with the mobile phone that I picked _last week.You are waiting at a wrong place.It is at the hotel that the coach picks _tourists.答案 out up out up关键点拨 有些with的复合结构可以转换成相应的定语从句或状语从句。本句中with nothing to eat为with复合结构，在句子中作状语。In the afternoon，with nothin
57、g to do，I went to the bookstore.因为下午无事可做，我便到书店去了。With the guide leading the way，we found his home easily.因为有那位向导带路，我们很容易找到了他家。The boy was crying with the toy broken.玩具破了，那个男孩在哭。The student fell asleep with the lights on.这个学生开着灯就睡着了。with复合结构在句中常作状语，表示伴随状况、原因、方式、条件等。其结构如下：with宾语 to do表示未发生的动作doing与宾语存
58、在主谓关系done与宾语存在动宾关系prep.短语adj.表示状态adv.表示状态即学即用单句语法填空The living room is clean and tidy，with a dining table already_(lay)for a meal to be cooked.The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog_(follow)them.With a lot of work_(do)，he wasnt allowed to go out.John received an
59、invitation to dinner，and with his work_(finish)，he gladly accepted it.答案 laid following to do finished关键点拨 本句中as if/as though“好像；仿佛”，引导方式状语从句，从句用的是虚拟语气，表示与现在事实相反。The young man with long hair looks as if he were a girl.那个长发的男青年看上去像个女孩似的。It looks as if it is going to rain.Youd better take an umbrella
60、with you.看样子天要下雨，你最好带把伞。(可能性大，天真要下雨)She talks about Hong Kong as though she had been there before.她说起香港来就好像她以前去过似的。as if/as though可以引导方式状语从句和表语从句。若陈述一个事实，从句则用陈述语气；若表示一种虚拟、假设情况或不可能实现的情况，则用虚拟语气。虚拟语气的形式为：虚拟情况从句谓语动词与现在事实相反一般过去时与过去事实相反had过去分词与将来事实相反would/could/might动词原形即学即用单句语法填空It was John who broke the
61、 window.Why are you talking to me as if I_(do)it?I dont know why she is looking at me as if she_(know)me.Ive never seen her before.When a pencil is partly in a glass of water，it looks as if it_(be)broken.To the couples great surprise，the house was in a mess as if_(break)into.答案 had done knew were broken请做：随堂巩固验收