1、This is a polluted river.The river is polluted.(过去分词作表语）（过去分词作定语）The village is flooded.It is a flooded village.Grammar一、过去分词作 定语1、单个的过去分词作定语时一般兼有被动和完成的意义，常作前置定语。eg：a used stamp 一枚用过的邮票an injured finger 一个受伤的手指a lighted candle 一支点燃的蜡烛注意：过去分词作定语时，有时只有被动意义。e.g.：spoken English 英语口语written exercises 书面练
2、习少数表示位移或状态改变的不及物动词的过去分词只有完成的意义fallen leaves 落叶the risen sun 升起来的太阳the developed countries 发达国家a retired teacher 一名退休教师2、过去分词短语作后置定语，表示被动和或完成意义。e.g.：I like wearing clothes made of this kind of cloth我喜欢穿这种布料做的衣服。e.g.：The books written by Lu Xun are popular鲁迅写的书很受欢迎a broken heartan organized trip=a hea
3、rt which is broken=a trip which is organized3.过去分词作前置定语还是后置定语，都可转换为一个对应的定语从句。the girl dressed in white=the girl who is dressed in white the book written by Luxun=the book which is written by Luxun4、过去分词修饰 something,everything,anything,nothing,somebody,nobody等不定代词或指示代词those时，要放在这些词的后面。He is one of th
4、ose invited.Nothing reported in the newspaper will interest him.Is there anything unsolved?1.He visited the bridge built last year.2.The bridge to be built next year will be very large.3.Have you noticed the bridge being builtnow?5.动词的过去分词，不定式和动词-ing的被动形式在句中都可做定语，表达被动的含义，但时间意义上不同。二、过去分词作表语1、过去分词作表语，
5、表示主语的特点或所处的状态，其前的系动词有包括be在内的多种形式。e.g.：Everyone present is very inspired at his speech听了他的发言，在场的所有人都很振奋。You seem frightened.你似乎受了惊吓。Some problems still remainedunsolved.Practice:Complete the sentences using the past participle as the predicative.1.丢了钱他自责不已。He _ about losing the money.2、你为什么总是看上很疲劳？这些
6、日子睡得好吗？Why do you always _?Do you sleep well these days?3.我对昨晚看的电影很失望。我原以为它能好些。I _ the film I saw last night,I had expected it to be better.got blamedlook so tiredwas disappointed with4.听说那位明星死了，人人都很惊讶。Everybody _to hear the death of the famous film star5.要去动物园了，孩子们非常兴奋。The children _ going to the z
7、oo6.他的伤口感染了一种新病毒.His wound _ a new viruswas shockedare very excited aboutbecame infected with（）作表语的过去分词，被动意味很弱，主要表示动作的完成和状态，此时相当于一个形容词。（）被动语态的过去分词，动作意味很强，句子主语为动作的承受者，后常跟by短语。2、过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别：The glass is broken.Our classroom is crowdedThe glass was broken by Jack.The windows were closed by Tom last
8、 night.现在分词与过去分词的区别1.语态上现在分词:表示主动的动作过去分词:表示已经被动的动作2.时间上现在分词:表示正在进行的动作过去分词:表示完成的意思I heard someone opening the door.I heard the door opened.the falling leaves the fallen leavesboiling waterboiled waterthe rising sun the risen sun 3.现在分词表示它所修饰的名词或句子主语的特征、特性。过去分词表示它所修饰的名词或句子主语的心理感受或状态。The news is exciti
9、ng.We were excited to hear it.总结过去分词和V-ing形式的区别:表主动的，进行的，表特征-含有“令人”之意表被动的，完成的，表状态-含有“感到”之意 V-ing形式过去分词 amusing,amused;encouraging,encouraged;disappointing,disappointed;puzzling,puzzled;satisfying,satisfied;tiring,tired;pleasing,pleased;astonishing,astonished等。英语中这样的分词还有很多，如：1.A.Nobody was in the sto
10、ry he told.B.The story he told was very.(interested,interesting)2.A.Everybody was to hear the news.B.The news is very indeed.(excited,exciting)3.A.The result of the test was rather .B.He was very at the result of the test.(disappointed,disappointing)4.A.What he said was very .B.I was very at the sig
11、ht.(amused,amusing)Fill in the blank with proper words.interestedinterestingexcitedexcitingdisappointingdisappointedamusingamused1.Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company,_ as 3M.A.knowing B.known C.being known D.to be known高考链接B解析：答案B。此处考查过去分词作后置定语，3M与know之间是被动关系，故用过去分词表示被动。
12、2.The disc,digitally _ in the studio,sounded fantastic at the party that night.A.recorded B.recording C.to be recorded D.having recorded高考链接A解析：答案A。此处考查过去分词作后置定语，disc与record之间是被动关系，故用过去分词表示。3.Dont use words,expressions,or phrases _ only to people with specific knowledge.A.being known B.having been k
13、nown C.to be known D.known高考链接D解析：答案D。know与words，expressions，phrases构成动宾关系，故用过去分词表示被动。4.The flowers _ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.A.to smell B.smelling C.smelt D.to be smelt高考链接B解析：答案B。此处为现在分词作定语，修饰flowers。smell为系动词，不能用于被动语态，相当于which/that smells sweet。2.T
14、he girl who is dressed in red is Kellys long-lost friend.=The girl _ is Kellys long-lost friend.练习一 句型转换1.A thief stole the goat that was tired to the tree.=A thief stole the goat _ to the tree.tireddressed in red3.The castle,which was burnt down in the sixteenth century,was never rebuilt.=The castl
15、e,_ _,was never rebuilt.burnt down in the sixteenth century4.Father beat the son who was lost in the online games.=Father beat the son _ in the online games.lost5.The project,which was designed by the Chinese engineers,was constructed in only 2 year.=The project,_ _,was constructed in only 2 year.de
16、signed by the chinese engineers练习二 单句改错1.They were all amusing at what he said.2.He was very exciting to hear the news that their team had won.3.The situation was a bit discouraged.4.Two pages in this dictionary are missed.5.Your mother is quite worrying about your stare of health.1.As is known to u
17、s all,traveling is _,but we often feel _ when we are back from travels.A.interesting;tiredB.interested;tiringC.interesting;tiringD.interested;tired A练习三 单选2.Hearing the _ news,we all felt _.A.encouraging,encouraging,B.encouraged,encouraged C.encouraged,encouraging D.encouraging,encouragedD3.From the
18、 dates _ on the gold coin,it is confirmed that was made five hundred years ago.A.marking B.marked C.to be marked D.having been markedB4.The _ look in her face suggested that she _ it before.A.surprising,wouldnt knowB.surprised,hadnt knownC.surprising,hadnt knownD.surprised,shouldnt knowB5.The pictur
19、e writing _ long long ago is hard for us to understand today.A.having been drawn B.being drawnC.was drawn D.drawnD6.The man _ there is my uncle.A.seat B.seating C.to seat D.seatedD7.The first textbooks _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.A.having written B.to be
20、 written C.written D.being writtenCPracticePractice 1.Prices of daily goods _ through a computer 1.Prices of daily goods _ through a computer can be lower than store prices.can be lower than store prices.A.are bought B.bought A.are bought B.bought C.been bought D.buying C.been bought D.buying2.With
21、a lot of different problems _,the 2.With a lot of different problems _,the newly-elected president is having a hard time.newly-elected president is having a hard time.A.settled B.settling A.settled B.settling C.to settle C.to settle D.being settled D.being settledBC3.Don3.Dont use words,expressions
22、or phrase _ t use words,expressions or phrase _ only to people with specific knowledge.only to people with specific knowledge.A.being known B.having been known A.being known B.having been known C.to be known D.known C.to be known D.known 4.When I got back,I saw a message 4.When I got back,I saw a me
23、ssage to the to the door door “Sorry to miss you;I will call later.”“Sorry to miss you;I will call later.”A.pin,read B.pinning,reading A.pin,read B.pinning,reading C.pinned,reading D.pinned,read C.pinned,reading D.pinned,readDC5、A boy Jack won the game.A boy himself Jack won the game.A.calling B.cal
24、ledA6、Most of the artists to the party were from South Africa.A.invited B.to invite C.being invited D.had been invitedA7、The first text books for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.A.having written B.to be written C.being written D.writtenDB8、Who is the man to your f
25、ather just now?Who is the man to just now?A.speaking B.spoken 9、The building last year is seventy meters high.The building now is seventy meters high.The building next month is seventy meters high.A.built B.to be built C.being builtABABC2.seats reserved by3.Water polluted by4.a room crowded with5.a winner pleased with6.astonished children 7.a broken vase8.a closed door9.the tired audience10.a trapped animal课本p71.blamed/upset2.tired3.disappointed4.shocked/depressed5.excited6.infected
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