1、2021届高考英语高频阅读词组+练习（四十七）一：词组梳理1 according to根据2 as a matter of fact实际上3 as much as像那样多4 at heart心底里，本质上5 at once立刻，马上6 at will任意，随意7 better than好于，胜过，比好8 by means of凭借，以方法9 by nature本性，天生地10 due to因为，由于 应归于11 for fear of唯恐，以免(发生危险)12 for the purpose of为了目的13 generally speaking一般来说14 in a word总而言之15 i
2、n addition to除之外16 in agreement with同意，与达成一致17 in all总共，总计，合计18 in charge of负责，主管(表示主动意义)19 in the charge of由管理(表示被动意义)20 in effect实际上，事实上21 in fact事实上22 in front of在前面23 in general大体上24 in honour of纪念 为向表示敬意25 in particular尤其，特别26 in place在适当的位置27 in place of代替，取代28 in praise of为赞扬29 in preference
3、to胜于，优先于30 in preparation准备31 in response to回答，响应32 in search of寻找，寻求33 in short总之，简言之34 in sight在视野内35 in terms of就而言36 in the direction of朝方向二：习题训练（A）There are many programs for high school students today that help lonely teenagers deal with loneliness. However, loneliness is not only an issue for
4、 teens but also an important and rarely acknowledged one in the elderly.In Britain, Tracey Crouch was appointed to be the first Minister of Loneliness in order to address the issues caused by loneliness. This is the first time such a position has been created.In Britain, there are around 9 million p
5、eople who say they are lonely frequently. In Germany, a study conducted by Ruhr University Bochum found that 20 percent of people over the age of 85 felt lonely, and that 14 percent of those between age 45 and 65 felt socially lonely. In the United States, more than 25 percent of the population live
6、 alone, and more than 50 percent are unmarried. Loneliness is generally associated with heart disease and anxiety. Additionally, the stress from loneliness can cause your cells to change on a molecular(分子)level that reduces its abilities to defend your body against diseases. In fact, doctors believe
7、 having feelings of loneliness is equivalent to smoking 15 cigarettes per day in regard to its effect on health!In Britain, the new Minister of Loneliness will help introduce government policies on the issue and fund a charityan organization for helping people in need, to devote their efforts to aid
8、ing loneliness. There are charities that link lonely seniors to high school students in order to give them a line of communication whenever they feel lonely!The possibilities for the new Minister of Loneliness are endless. For example, she can provide education services to household businesses so th
9、at they can identify lonely customers if they see one. Loneliness fits into the category of being a social issue that must be monitored by the entire community in order to help those in need. Therefore, government involvement in medical services and care for seniors and others is vital for happy sen
10、iors. 1.How does the author develop Paragraph 3?A.By listing some statistics.B.By giving examples of lonely people.C.By pointing out similarities and differences.D.By comparing different cultures in different countries.2.What does the underlined word “equivalent” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?A.Relev
11、ant.B.Similar.C.Opposite.D.Superior.3.What will the Minister of Loneliness do?A.Do housework for lonely people.B.Develop friendships with the elderly.C.Help fund a charity to aid lonely people.D.Communicate with anxious school students.4.What is the main idea of the text?A.The UK becomes the capital
12、 of loneliness.B.Loneliness affects old peoples life worldwide.C.Many teenagers suffer from loneliness.D.The UKs Minister of Loneliness settles loneliness.（B）You are enjoying a nice dream until your alarm suddenly rings. 1 Is your clock out of control? No, its just winter, making the sun rise later,
13、 so it will be twice as hard to crawl out of bed into the cold darkness.As the days get shorter, our mornings lose that crucial light to wake us up, so waking up gets harder. That means youll need to put in extra effort to get to work on time. 2 3 Summer or winter, you should aim to go to bed at abo
14、ut the same time every evening and wake up at about the same time every morning. Try to give yourself time for eight hours per night.Avoid strong light near bedtime. So if you like reading before you close your eyes, try an actual book or an Eink screen like a Kindle, which doesnt emit the harsh lig
15、ht that phones and tablets do.Buy a wakeup light. If you still have trouble with dark mornings, it might be time to introduce more light into your room. 4Give yourself something to look forward to.5 Sure, you might have to get up for work, but youll want to be awake if you are expecting a delicious
16、breakfast, or a workout that is actually fun.A.But you just dont want to get out of your warm bed.B.Stick to a regular schedule.C.Philips makes some popular lamps that produce natural light during gray winter days.D.Waking up is easier when you have a good reason to be conscious.E.Too much light can
17、 do harm to your eyes.F.We have a few tips that might help.G.But when you look out of the window, its still black outside.答案及解析A语篇解读本文为说明文。文章主要讲述了孤独不仅存在于青少年中,而且在老年人中也是一个重要的、很少被承认的问题。1.A细节理解题。根据本段所列举的年龄及百分比的数字可知答案为A项。2.B词义猜测题。根据本段第二句Additionally, the stress from loneliness can cause your cells to cha
18、nge on a molecular level that reduces its abilities to defend your body against diseases.和画线词所在句子可知,来自孤独的压力会导致你的细胞发生分子层面的变化,从而减弱你身体抵抗疾病的能力。医生认为关于孤独对健康的影响与每天抽15支烟相似。故选B项。3.C细节理解题。根据文章第五段第一句In Britain, the new Minister of Loneliness will help introduce government policies on the issue and fund a chari
19、tyan organization for helping people in need, to devote their efforts to aiding loneliness.可知,在英国,the Minister of Loneliness会帮助介绍政府关于这个问题的政策并资助一个慈善组织一个帮助有需要的人的组织,致力于帮助孤独(人群)。故选C项。4.D主旨大意题。根据全文可知针对孤独的问题,在英国,the Minister of Loneliness被指定去处理孤独引发的问题,帮助处于孤独中的人们。故选D项。 B语篇解读本文为说明文。文章给读者提出了几条如何在冬日里按时起床的建议。1
20、.G根据下文No, its just winter, making the sun rise later, so it will be twice as hard to crawl out of bed into the cold darkness.（不，现在只是冬天，太阳升起得比较晚，所以从床上爬起来进入寒冷黑暗的环境要困难两倍）可知，G项“但是当你往窗外看时，外面还是黑的”符合此处语境。故G选项正确。2.F根据上文That means youll need to put in extra effort to get to work on time.（这意味着你需要付出额外的努力才能准时上班
21、）及下文对如何按时起床的建议描述可知，F项“我们有一些建议可能会有帮助”符合此处语境。故F选项正确。3.B根据下文Summer or winter, you should aim to go to bed at about the same time every evening and wake up at about the same time every morning.（无论是夏天还是冬天，你应该每天晚上在同一时间睡觉，每天早上在同一时间醒来）可知，B项“坚持有规律的时间表”符合此处语境。故B选项正确。4.C根据上文If you still have trouble with dark
22、mornings, it might be time to introduce more light into your room.（如果你仍然对黑暗的早晨感到困扰，也许是时候给你的房间引入更多的光线了）可知，C项“飞利浦公司制造了一些流行的灯具，在灰色的冬天产生自然光”符合此处语境。故C选项正确。5.D根据上文Give yourself something to look forward to.（给自己一些期待）及下文but youll want to be awake if you are expecting a delicious breakfast, or a workout that is actually fun（但是如果你想要一顿美味的早餐，或者一场真正有趣的锻炼，你就会想要保持清醒）可知，D项“当你有充分的理由保持清醒时，醒来会更容易”符合此处语境。故D选项正确。