1、2021高考英语复习之高考真题阅读词块精析（五）2020高考山东卷（A篇）POETRY CHALLENGEWrite a poem about how courage, determination, and strength have helped you face challenges in your life.Prizes3 Grand Prizes:Trip to Washington, D. C. for each of three winners, a parent and one other person of the winners choice. Trip includes r
2、ound-trip air tickets, hotel stay for two nights, and tours of the National Air and Space Museum and the office of National Geographic World.6 First Prizes:The book Sky Pioneer:A Photobiography of Amelia Earhart signed by author Corinne Szabo and pilot Linda Finch.50 Honorable Mentions:Judges will c
3、hoose up to 50 honorable mention winners, who will each receive a T-shirt in memory of Earharts final flight.RulesFollow all rules carefully to prevent disqualification.Write a poem using 100 words or fewer. Your poem can be any format, any number of lines.Write by hand or type on a single sheet of
4、paper. You may use both the front and back of the paper.On the same sheet of paper, write or type your name, address, telephone number, and birth date.Mail your entry to us by October 31 this year.词块梳理1：challenge n 挑战词组习惯用语challenger n. 挑战者; challenged adj. （生理或精神状况）有障碍的；伤残的；（非正式）缺乏的；受到挑战的; v. 提出质疑；
5、拒绝接受，反对；请参加比赛，发出挑战；与竞争；威胁；故意为难；强烈建议；考察的能力；盘问；与病原体接触（challenge 的过去式和过去分词）;challengers n. 挑战者（challenger的复数）；挑战赛challenging adj. 挑战的；引起挑战性兴趣的; v. 要求；质疑；反对；向挑战；盘问（challenge的ing形式）;challenge n. 挑战；怀疑; vt. 向挑战；对质疑;grand challenge 大挑战challenge to 对的挑战new challenge 新挑战mentally challenged 精神上有缺陷的，精神失常的chall
6、enge inspections 质疑视查；质疑监察2：couragen. 勇气；胆量近义词：n. spirit反义词：n. cowardice, cowardliness解析：courage: 普通用词。指面对危险或困难时无所畏惧的精神和敢于奋斗的进取心。bravery: 指在危险中表现出的无所畏惧精神或在逆境中仍能坚持下去的毅力。backbone: 指性格倔强，意志坚定，有骨气，有顽强的决心去做某事。nerve: 侧重指面临危险或在冒险的情况下具有冷静、清醒的头脑和坚定无畏的勇气。词组 | 习惯用语moral courage 道德勇气，道义勇气take courage 鼓起勇气lose c
7、ourage 丧失勇气，灰心dutch courage 俗酒后之勇get up the courage 鼓起勇气3:Prizen. 奖品；奖赏；战利品vt. 珍视；估价；捕获adj. 获奖的时 态: prized, prizing, prizes 近义词：n. gift, stolen property, award, accolade, honor, honour, laurelsv. see, consider, reckon, view, regard, open, open upadj. superior反义词：n. inferior词组 | 习惯用语Nobel prize 诺贝尔奖f
8、irst prize 一等奖Nobel peace prize 诺贝尔和平奖prize winner 得奖者Pulitzer prize 普利策奖prize money （旧时出售捕获船货物后分给立功官兵的）捕获物奖金grand prize 特奖cash prize n. 现金奖励（赏）consolation prize 安慰奖win first prize 赢得头奖；获一等奖；得第一名Booker prize 布克文学奖booby prize 末名奖品4：choosevt. 选择，决定vi. 选择，挑选时 态: chose chosen choosing, chooses 名 词: choo
9、ser近义词：v. decide, make up ones mind, determine, evaluate, pass judgment, judge解析：choose: 普通用词，侧重根据个人意愿和判断从众多的对象中进行选择，着重被选者的优点。select: 书面用词，具有庄严、正式的感情色彩。强调精选。elect: 指按照一定的规章或法律，用投票等方式进行的认真慎重的选择。 pick: 口语用词，多指从个人角度仔细挑选，也含任意挑选之意。prefer: 强调个人偏爱，不一定有选择的行动。opt: 多指在几种可能性之间进行选择。5：Rule1. vi. 统治；裁定；管辖 2. n. 规
10、则；统治词组习惯用语rules n. 数 规则；条例（rule的复数形式）; v. 统治；支配；裁定（rule的第三人称单数形式）;ruled adj. （纸张）有横格的，印有平行线的; v. 统治，管理；控制；起支配作用；（非正式）极好；裁决；（行星）对（黄道十二图的宫、房子、生活等）有影响；在纸上画平行线；（价格）普遍处于某一水平（rule 的过去式和过去分词）;rulers n. 统治者；标尺，数 直尺family rules 家规square ruler 丁字尺additional rule 附加法规proposed rule 指导性规则; 拟议规则;ground rule 程序；基本
11、原则；体育场馆的运动章程ruled surf 规则曲面formal rules 正式规则6：formatn. 版式；开本；格式vt. 规定的格式；计使格式化vi. 设计版式时 态: formatted, formatting, formats 近义词：n. information, info, appearance, visual aspectv. change, determine, set, divide, split, split up, separate词组 | 习惯用语file format 计文件格式data format 数据格式standard format 标准格式；标准书型
12、output format 计输出格式digital format 数位格式image format 图像格式；影像格式document format n. 文档格式7：prevent 1. vt. 预防，防止；阻止 2. vi. 妨碍，阻止词组习惯用语preventable adj. 可预防的；可阻止的；可防止的preventive adj. 预防性的，防备的；防病的; n. 预防药，预防疗法;preventer n. 妨碍物；妨碍者；预防物preventing adj. 防止的；预防的; v. 防止（prevent的ing形式）；预防;prevents v. 阻止（prevent的第三人称
13、单数）；预防preventive control 预防控制preventive war 预防性战争preventive diplomacy 预防外交prevent frostbite 防冻preventive overhaul 定期修理；预防修理网络短语:Prevents 预防; 防止; 阻止; 妨碍;Preventive 预防性; 预防的; 预防措施; 防止的;preventive preventer drills 防喷器演习preventative preventive preventer drills 防喷器演习Flameout preventing 防熄火channelling prevent 防窜Preventive Service 缉私队; 预防服务; 翻译;
