1、Unit 1Women of achievementPart Grammar&Writing单元语法解析 Grammar主谓一致谓语动词与主语必须在人称和数上保持一致，这叫主谓一致。主谓一致的应用主要有以下几种情况：一、名词作主语Tom has eggs and milk for breakfast.汤姆早餐吃鸡蛋，喝牛奶。His family is going to move.他家准备搬走。When I visited them yesterday，the family were having dinner.昨天当我拜访他们时，他们一家人正在吃饭。即学即用单句语法填空Land_ valuab
2、le.Not an inch of land_ allowed to waste.(be)The children_(be)very fond of playing farm games.Cattle mainly_(feed)on grass.The equipment of our factory_(be)all imported from Britain.Each means_(have)been tried to solve the problem，but none is effective.My clothes_(be)bought at a discount of 10%.答案 i
3、s；is are feed is has were二、数量概念词作主语主语谓语动词表示单位数量，指时间、金钱、距离、长度、重量等的复数名词短语用于整体概念单数the rest/majority(of)及分数、百分数等根据所指代或修饰的名词而定a number of可数名词复数复数the number of可数名词复数单数a quantity of/quantities of根据 quantity的形式而定more than one/many a可数名词单数单数one of可数名词复数单数 Four kilometres is not very far.四公里不算远。The rest of th
4、e fresh water has been shipped to the city.剩下的淡水已被送入城中。More than one person is involved in the matter.不止一个人被牵扯到这一事件中。名师点津(1)“more复数名词than one”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。More children than one are playing in the shade of the tree.不止一个孩子在树荫下玩。(2)在“one of复数名词/代词定语从句”结构中，定语从句中的谓语动词用复数形式。只有 one 之前出现 the only，the ver
5、y 等修饰语时，定语从句的谓语动词才用单数形式。试比较：He is one of the students who have passed the exam.他是通过这次考试的学生之一。He is the only one of the students who has passed the exam.他是唯一通过这次考试的学生。即学即用用 be 动词的适当形式填空A number of new houses_built there three years ago.The number of the students in the class_sixty.A large quantity of
6、 money_spent on the bridge.Large quantities of oil_spilling into the sea last year.The rest of the lecture_dull.The rest of the bicycles_on sale today.单句语法填空It is reported that many a new house_(build)at present in the disaster area.More than one white rose_(have)bloomed.答案 were is was were is areis
7、 being built has三、不定代词作主语Each of the books is worth reading.每本书都值得读。Both of the sisters are doctors.姐妹俩都是医生。None of them is/are aware of the danger.他们中没有人意识到危险。即学即用完成句子All_reach an agreement.大家都急于达成一项协议。All_that ends well.结果好，一切都好。None of the books_.这些书中没有一本属于我。答案 are eager to is wellbelongs/belong
8、to me四、并列结构作主语主语谓语动词由 both.and.连接复数由 either.or.，neither.nor.，or，not only.but also.，not.but.连接就近一致Both eggs and milk are good for your health.鸡蛋和牛奶对你的健康都有好处。Not only the students but also the teacher wants to go climbing.不仅是学生，老师也想去爬山。名师点津(1)and 连接的两个并列主语在意义上指同一人、同一事物或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数。(2)由 and 连接的并列单数主语
9、前若有 no，each，every，many a 等修饰，谓语动词要用单数。The writer and poet was dead yesterday.那位作家兼诗人昨天去世了。(同一个人，注意 poet 前无冠词。)All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.只工作不玩耍，聪明孩子也变傻。Every hour and every minute is important.每一小时和每一分钟都很重要。即学即用单句语法填空Every sight and every sound_(be)a delight to the senses.Not only he
10、 but also all his family_(be)keen on concerts.Either they or I_(be)responsible for the result of the matter.Every boy and every girl_(like)the film star.Not Jack but his parents_(be)to blame for the home accident.答案 was are am likes are五、其他情况情况谓语动词主语后有 with，like，along/together with，as well as，rather
11、 than 类短语与主语一致there be 句式中就近一致不定式、动名词作主语通常为单数主语从句作主语通常为单数定语从句中关系代词作主语与先行词一致The teacher，together with all his students，is going to have a picnic this weekend.老师打算这个周末与学生们一起去野炊。There is some paper，a dictionary and five books on the desk.桌子上有一些纸、一部字典和五本书。Reading often means learning.读书常意味着学习。I will alw
12、ays treasure the moments that were full of pleasures.我将永远珍惜充满欢乐的那些时光。名师点津(1)多个不定式、动名词作主语表示不同概念时，谓语动词用复数。(2)what 引导主语从句时，谓语动词根据从句所指的内容而定。What he said has been recorded.他说的话已被录音。What I say and think are none of your business.我说什么、想什么与你无关。即学即用完成句子I，who_，will try my best to help you with your study.我，作为
13、你的老师，将尽力在学习上帮助你。To prevent the air from being polluted_.防止空气污染是我们正在研究的课题。Whether they will hold a party or not_.他们还没有决定是否开派对。答案 am your teacher is what were now researching has not been decided请做：随堂巩固验收语法对接高考 1(2017天津卷)I_(drive)down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road.2(2017
14、江苏卷)The publication of Great Expectations，which_(be)both widely reviewed and highly praised，strengthened Dickens status as a leading novelist.3(2017江苏卷)Hes been informed that he_(do)not qualify for the scholarship because of his academic background.4(2016北京卷)Jack_(work)in the lab when the power cut
15、occurred.5(2016江苏卷)Dashan，who_(learn)crosstalk，the Chinese comedic tradition，for decades，wants to mix it up with the Western stand-up tradition.6(2018北京卷)Chinas high-speed railways_(grow)from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers in the past few years.7(2017 北京卷)People_(have)better access to health care than t
16、hey used to，and theyre living longer as a result.8(2015北京卷)In the last few years，China_(make)great achievements in environmental protection.9(2015江苏卷)The real reason why prices_(be)，and still are，too high is complex，and no short discussion can satisfactorily explain this problem.10(2015福建卷)Where is
17、Peter？I cant find him anywhere.He went to the library after breakfast and_(write)his essay there ever since.1解析 句意：我正在开车前往伦敦的路上，就在那时我突然发现走错路了。根据句意可知此处是 be doing.when.句型，表示“正在做这/那时”。根据语境可知用过去进行时。答案 was driving2解析 句意：远大前程这本书被广泛地评价和高度地赞扬，它的出版巩固了狄更斯作为最杰出的小说家的地位。本题考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据题干可以确定，which 引导非限制性定语从句，先
18、行词为 Great Expectations，是一本书的名字，因此定语从句中的 be 动词应是单数形式。根据题干中的strengthened 可知语境为过去的时间，因此设空处的时态为一般过去时，故填 was。答案 was3解析 句意：他被告知由于他的学术背景，他没有资格获得奖学金。本题考查动词的时态。根据语境可知，宾语从句中所陈述的是现在的情况，故用一般现在时态。答案 does4解析 句意：杰克正在实验室工作这时停电了。本题考查“be doing sth.when.”句型。根据题干中的 occurred(一般过去时可知，设空处用过去进行时。答案 was working5解析 句意：大山学习中国
19、传统喜剧形式相声已经几十年了，他想把它与西方的单口喜剧传统结合起来。根据句意以及 for decades 可知，学习这一动作从过去一直延续到了现在，并且现在还在进行，故用现在完成进行时；主谓 Dashan 为第三人称单数，故答案为 has been learning。答案 has been learning6解析 句意：在过去的几年里，中国的高铁已经从 9 000千米发展到了 25 000 千米。本题考查动词的时态。根据题干中的时间状语 in the past few years 可知，句中谓语动词的时态用现在完成时。答案 have grown7解析 句意：相比以前，人们(现在)能得到更好的医
20、疗服务，因此他们的寿命更长一些。本题考查动词的时态。根据题干中的 than they used to 可知，这是在比较过去和现在的医疗状况，所以设空处应用一般现在时。答案 have8解析 句意：在过去的几年里，中国在环境保护方面已经取得了巨大的成就。根据时间状语 In the last few years 可知用现在完成时。答案 has made9解析 句意：物价过去是，现在仍然是那么高的真正原因是复杂的，短短的讨论不可能对此问题作出令人满意的解释。根据题目中“and still are(现在仍然是)”可知过去也是一样的情形，故用 were。答案 were10解析 句意：彼得在哪里？我到处都找
21、不到他。他吃过早饭后去了图书馆，从那时起一直在那里写文章。根据时间状语 ever since 可知设空处表示动作从过去开始一直持续到现在且还在进行，故用现在完成进行时。答案 has been writing话题写作指导 Writing人物描写人物描写是记叙文的一种。是对人物外貌、个性以及主要事迹和贡献进行描述。描写人物的文章结构一般分为三部分：第一部分陈述人物的出生时间、地点或家庭背景等；第二部分列举其主要经历、事迹或成就；第三部分描述一下人们的评价，或发表自己的看法。同时要注意时态的正确运用：写人物简介部分用第三人称，用一般过去时；阐述理由和启示部分用第一人称，用一般现在时。常用开头语介绍人
22、物的姓名、出身及外貌特征：He had fair hair and blue eyes.Abraham Lincoln，the son of a poor family，was born in Kentucky on February 12,1809.She is tall and slim with big eyes and curly hair.Sue was a young woman who was studying art.He is a good-looking，kind-hearted man.主体部分介绍人物的成就或取得的成绩：During her career life，sh
23、e obtained 132 championships，including 4 Olympic championships.When he was still a boy，he showed great interest in literature.His stories，most of which are short ones，give people surprising endings.He/She is good at spoken English and even better at using computers.Her story tells us that we should
24、value what we have，and try our best to overcome any difficulty in life.尾段常用句式介绍人物的影响及人们对此人的评价：He became famous for his new theory.The people had come to love him as an inspiring leader.We regard him as our model.Lei Feng has been praised for his communist spirit.写作提示假定你是李华，请为你校英语校报写一篇人物介绍，写作要点如下：姓名：
25、Allan Stewart国籍：澳大利亚出生日期：1915年3月7日世界纪录：2006年以最高龄获得硕士学位学习态度：挑战自我，永远为时不晚。第一个学位：1936年获得第二个学位：医学博士第三个学位：2006年获得硕士学位。第四个学位：2012年通过网络学习获得 参考词汇：硕士学位 masters degree 博士 doctor写作要点这是一篇人物传记，属于记叙文的范畴。在描述过去的经历时，用一般过去时。对于其学习态度的描述，可以用一般现在时。在介绍其多个学位时，要注意时间的先后顺序，可以尝试用不同的句式表达。在写作过程中，要使用一些复杂的句型和过渡词，以使行文流畅，写作时要注意要点的整合。
26、经典范文Allan Stewart，of_Australian_nationality，was born on March 7th,1915.He got his first degree in 1936，and then his second degreeDoctor of Medicine.He believes that_one_is_never_too_old_to challenge_himself.Therefore，in_his_eighties，he decided to study law，and in 2006 he set_a_world_record for becom
27、ing the oldest person to get a masters degree.Because_he_was_good_at_arranging_his_study_time，he got praise from his teacher，and in 2012 he managed_to_get his fourth degree by online learning.精彩点评1运用了较高级的词汇，如：nationality(国籍)，challenge(挑战)，arrange(安排)，never too.to.(再也不为过)，in ones eighties(在某人 80 多岁的时
28、候)，set a world record(创世界纪录)，manage to do(设法做成)。2运用了多样化的句式结构，如“of名词”结构：of Australian nationality；宾语从句：that one is never too old to challenge himself；原因状语从句：Because he was good at arranging his study time。假定你是红星中学高一(1)班的李华，你校英语报刊人物专栏征稿。请你用英语介绍一位你敬仰的人物。内容包括以下三部分：1对该人物的简单介绍；2敬仰该人物的理由；3从该人物身上得到的启示。注意：词数
29、 100 左右。答案 Thomas Edison，born in America，was a great scientist and inventor.He was once considered as a naughty boy at school.In fact，he was full of curiosity and imagination.I admire him because of his contributions to the world.In his life，he was always trying out new ideas and had more than 1,000 inventions，many of which still have a great influence on our life today.He was also very diligent and believed that genius is one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration.All these explained why he had so many great inventions and what he did inspires me to be creative in my work.