1、Unit 4Everyday economicsStarting out & Understanding ideas词汇积淀素养初探. 根据语境及汉语提示写出正确的单词1. Sweat ran down her forehead. 汗水从她的额头上流下来2. their blank faces 他们木然的表情3. feel dizzy 感到眩晕 4. realize the potential 意识到潜力5. enterprising young people 有创业精神的年轻人6. the initial phase 起初阶段7. purchase my product购买我的产品8. wo
2、rldwide distribution systems全球经销系统9. a decent bonus可观的奖金10. seek guidance 寻求指导11. an expert consultant 专家顾问. 选词填空contribute to, dream of, most of all, be surrounded by, access to, as to, be willing to, be fond of 1. (2019江苏高考)We are fond of our high intelligence so that we assume that when it comes
3、to brain power, more must be better. 2. (2018全国卷)Weve all been there: in a lift, in line at the bank or on an airplane, surrounded by people who are, like us, deeply focused on their smartphones or, worse, struggling with the uncomfortable silence. 3. If we are in the habit of raising doubts as to w
4、hether what we are told is true, we can find the correct answer and learn more. 4. He did not compromise easily, but was willing to accept any constructive advice for a worthy cause. 5. Now Alia waited for the war to end and dreamed of peace and a new library. 6. It was really annoying; I couldnt ge
5、t access to the data bank you had recommended. 7. He had more job satisfaction, a better marriage and was healthier. Most of all , he was happier, far happier. 8. (2018江苏高考)Arts contribute to cultural development when people gather together to share their experience and renew their energy. 阅读精研素养构建.
6、 文本整体理解: 理清文章架构general situation ofthe companyone of the best 1. rose products in Asia. reasons forstarting abusinessideal conditions for growing roses experiencing the 2. freedom of being her own boss and giving something 3. back to her home townchallengesgetting 4. investment and advice and persua
7、ding people to 5. work for heradvice foryoungentrepreneursyou need a good idea, hard work, 6. determination, a sound business plan, 7. access to capital, and good management and negotiating skills. Dont be too 8. ambitious. Know your own 9. limits and those of the people you work with. 文本细节理解: 探寻语篇细
8、节信息1. What is the main idea of this passage? A. How to grow roses? B. How to start a new business? C. A girls business blossoms in growing roses. D. How to face obstacles? 2. Which words can best describe Zhang Yue? A. nervous and humourous. B. determined and enterprising. C. concerned and grateful.
9、 D. realistic and pessimistic. 3. What can we infer from Para. 1? A. With butterflies in her stomach, Zhang Yue gave a presentation. B. After success, she accepted the interview. C. The four people gave no advice to her. D. Zhang Yue was a green finger. 4. Which isnt the reason for Zhang Yue startin
10、g a business in her home town? A. Ideal conditions for growing roses. B. Experiencing the freedom of being her own boss. C. Giving back to her home town. D. Finding an ideal job is hard abroad. 5. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To introduce the main reasons why young people choose to st
11、art their own business. B. To analyse the pros and cons of young people starting their own business. C. To encourage all young people to start their own business after graduation. D. To help young people think more realistically before starting their own business. 答案: 15. CBADD. 文本素养提升: 阅读技能综合运用1. 根
12、据课文语境与语句知识细致解构语句。(1)She couldnt, however, hide the line of sweat running down her forehead(分词作定语), which was caused partly by the heat of the television studio(which引导的非限制性定语从句), but more by fear of the four people seated in front of her. 译文: 然而, 她无法掩饰额头上流淌的汗水, 部分是由于电视演播室的高温, 更多的是因为害怕坐在她前面的四个人。(2)Th
13、e biggest challenge at the initial phase was to persuade people to work for me(to do 不定式作表语), which was totally outside my experience(which引导的非限制性定语从句). 译文: 在最初阶段, 最大的挑战是说服人们为我工作, 这完全超出了我的经验。(3)Seeing her peers(分词作状语表时间)who also dream of success and independence(who引导的定语从句), Zhang has mixed feelings
14、. 译文: 看到同样梦想着成功和独立的同龄人, 张喜忧参半。2. 阅读主题活动。(1)What do you think has contributed to Zhang Yues success? Her sound business plan, passion and devotion. The support from more experienced people, such as investment and guidance. (2)Have you ever thought about starting your own business? Give your reasons.
15、Yes, because I can experience the freedom of being my own boss just like Zhang Yue and I can apply what I have learnt to practice. 要点精研素养奠基1. take a deep breath深吸一口气*Feeling dizzy, Zhang Yue took a deep breath as she struggled to finish her presentation. 感到头晕的张月深吸了一口气, 努力完成她的演讲。*Vic told me that he
16、could hold his breath for more than two minutes underwater. 维克跟我说他可以在水中憋气超过两分钟。*The best activities for stamina are fairly energetic; they need to get you slightly out of breath. 最能够锻炼耐力的是那些需要一定体能、能让人呼吸稍感急促的活动。*If you run very fast, you may lose your breath. 如果你跑得很快, 你可能会喘不过气来。*We have to breathe in
17、 and out so many times a minute. 每分钟我们都得呼吸那么多次。hold ones breath屏住呼吸out of breath上气不接下气lose ones breath喘不过气来breathe in吸气; 吸入(气体)breathe out呼气; 呼出(气体)【即学活用】 语法填空。(1)We lifted our heads to breathe in the fresh, clear air. (2)Her lips parted as if she were about to take a deep breath. (3)He held his bre
18、ath (breathe)while the results were read out. 2. potential n. (事物的)潜力, 可能性adj. 潜在的*It was only after graduating from university overseas and returning to visit her parents that he realised the potential. 直到在海外大学毕业, 回国看望父母后, 他才意识到了这种潜力。*(2019天津高考)Anyone can calculate their biological age, identify po
19、tential risks and take steps to improve their own health in the long run. 任何人都可以计算自己的生物年龄, 识别潜在风险, 并采取措施改善自己的长期健康状况。*The company in the charge of the chairwoman certainly has the potential for growth. 由女会长掌管的那家公司肯定有发展潜力。词汇复现*Numerous patients didnt realize the potential risks to health associated wi
20、th the drug. 大量的病人没有意识到这种药物对健康的潜在危害。 词汇复现the potential of (doing)sth. (做)某事的可能性/潜力have the potential to do sth. 有潜力做某事【即学活用】(1)语法填空。People who do not smoke have less potential of suffering from lung cancer than those who smoke. He has the potential to be appointed as manager this year. (2)Considerin
21、g that Frank didnt have the potential to do the important work well, the boss fired him. 考虑到富兰克没有做好这份重要工作的潜力, 老板开除了他。3. enterprising adj. 有创业精神的; 有事业心的; 有进取心的 *All over the world, an increasing number of enterprising young people are thinking of starting their own businesses, as the growing economy
22、creates more opportunities. 在世界各地, 越来越多有进取心的年轻人正在考虑创业, 因为经济增长创造了更多的机会。*There are plenty of small industrial enterprises. 有许多小型工业企业。*The trainee didnt anticipated that he would get a job in which enterprise was rewarded. 这个实习生没有预料到他会得到一个对事业进取精神有回报的工作。词汇复现*He was eager to return to a more entrepreneur
23、ial role in which he had a big financial stake in his own efforts. 他渴望回到一个更多参与创业的角色, 那样他所付出的努力会与自己的经济利益息息相关。enterprise n. 公司; 企业; 事业(心); 进取心; 创业精神entrepreneurial adj. 创业的; 具有创业精神的【即学活用】(1)写出下列句子中的画线部分的汉语释义。Debra is a very enterprising young black businesswoman who is involved in a lot of activities.
24、 (有事业心的)The couple have been working in the small and medium-sized enterprise ever since they graduated. (企业)Researchers pay attention to individual behavior as well as entrepreneurial team. (创业的)(2)The employees working in this enterprise are enterprising. 在这家企业工作的员工有进取心。 4. purchase v. 购买n. 购买; 购买
25、的东西*If you are not satisfied with your purchase we will give you a full refund. 所购之物若不合意, 我们将全额退款。*Most of those shares were purchased from brokers. 大部分的股份是从经纪人手中购得的。*I need to get a purchase order for a marketing campaign. 我需要拿一张订购单, 为一个营销活动采购。*The shepherd living in a temple has some purchases to
26、make in town. 住在寺庙的这个牧羊人要去城里买些东西。词汇复现(1)purchase sth. for sb. 为某人买某物purchase sth. for+money买某物花多少钱purchase sth. from从购买某物(2)the purchase of对的购买(3)purchaser n. 购买人; 采购员; 买主【即学活用】(1)语法填空。Among his purchases (purchase)were several tins of beans. With the Spring Festival approaching, train tickets must
27、be purchased (purchase)two weeks in advance. (2)用purchase进行同义句转换。He paid ￥ 200, 000 for his new car. =He purchased his new car for ￥ 200, 000. 5. consultant n. 顾问*Our company didnt have a specialist, so we hired a consultant. 我们的公司没有一位专家, 所以我们聘用了一位顾问。*It is recommended that you should consult your d
28、octor. 建议你去咨询医生。*If you have no idea about it, consult a dictionary, please. 要是你对这个问题不清楚, 请你查字典。*Before firing the new employee, the manager consulted with the board about it. 经理在解雇那名新员工之前和董事会商议过。consultv. 请教; 咨询; 查阅consult (with)sb. about sth. 就某事向某人咨询; 与某人商量某事【巧学助记】语境助记consultShe is consulting wit
29、h her deskmate whether to consult their teacher or to consult a dictionary on the question. 关于这个问题, 她正和同桌商议是请教老师还是查阅词典。 【即学活用】(1)语法填空。Tom consulted with his brother on his plan. His work as a consultant (consult)consisted in advising foreign companies on the siting of new factories. (2)根据语境猜测词义。Shir
30、leys brother is now a consultant heart surgeon in Sweden. (顾问) Consult the chart on page 44 for the correct cooking times. (查阅)Everybody likes to consult with him about their problems; large or small. (商议)6. access to 接近, 去的通路, 使用的机会(权利)*What really matters is a sound business plan, access to capita
31、l, and good management and negotiating skills. 真正重要的是一个健全的商业计划, 资金的获取, 以及良好的管理和谈判技巧。*The only access to the farmhouse is across the fields. 去那间农舍的唯一道路是穿过田野。 *Villagers say the fence would restrict public access to the hills. 村民们说这个围栏将限制公众进入山区。*They now have access to the mass markets of Japan and th
32、e UK. 他们现在进入了日本和英国的大众市场。*The country has no access to foreign loans or financial aid. 该国得不到任何外国贷款或经济援助。(1)have/get/gain/obtain access to. . . 可以接近/会见/进入(2)accessible adj. 可进入的; 可使用的be accessible to可进入; 可使用; 易接近【即学活用】(1)语法填空。(2018江苏高考)Kids shouldnt have access to violent films because they might imit
33、ate the things they see. All the sites are free to the public and accessible (access)to anyone with an Internet connection. Fallen rocks cut off the only access to the village, so it is not accessible to outside now. (access)(2)一句多译。住在这里的人可以免费去那个游泳池。People living here get access to that swimming poo
34、l for free. (access)People living here are accessible to that swimming pool for free. (accessible)7. They stared back, their blank faces giving no clue as to what they would say next. 他们回望着我, 脸上毫无表情, 不知道接下来要说什么。【句式解构】句子中 their blank faces giving no clue 为“逻辑主语+ 现在分词”的独立主格结构。独立主格结构的逻辑主语与主句的主语不一致, 它独立
35、存在。*Head down, eyes on my smartphone, I stepped into the road and a car shot past, missing me by centimeters. 我低着头, 眼睛盯着智能手机, 走到马路上, 一辆车飞驰而过, 离我差了几厘米。*Mary has written two novels , both of them having been made into television series. 玛丽已经写了两部小说, 都被拍成了电视剧。*All the tickets sold when they arrived, the
36、y went away, disappointed. 当他们到达的时候, 票都卖光了, 他们失望地走开了。【名师点津】独立主格结构该结构一般作状语, 表示时间、条件、原因、伴随状况等, 常见的独立主格结构是: (1)名词/代词+ 名词(2)名词/代词+ 形容词/副词/介词短语(3)名词/代词+ 现在分词/ 过去分词/ 不定式【即学活用】(1)语法填空。Lots of work to do(do), I have to stay at home all day. Then she leapt backwards, back arched(arch)and fur on end, tail hel
37、d out stiffly. (2)我手里拿着剑跟着他。I followed him here, sword in hand. The human body is composed of organs, each having a definite job to do (每一个都有特定的工作去做). (3)句型转换。The trees there are extremely tall, and some measures over 90 meters. The trees there are extremely tall, some measuring over 90 meters. 8. I
38、t was only then that the locals began to believe me. 直到那时, 当地人才开始相信我。【句式解构】本句为强调句型, 强调的是时间状语“then”。*These things were real, and it was within their reality that Cunningham saw both beauty and potential. 这些都是真实的, 坎宁安在他们的真实中看到了美和潜力。*Mary feeds the dog every morning at 8 a. m. 玛丽每天早晨8点喂狗。(1)强调主语Mary: I
39、t is Mary who/that feeds the dog every morning at 8 a. m. . (2)强调宾语 the dog: It is the dog that Mary feeds every morning at 8 a. m. . (3)强调状语强调时间: It is every morning at 8 a. m. that Mary feeds the dog. 强调地点: It is in the garden that Mary feeds the dog every morning at 8 a. m. . Mary是在花园里喂的狗。注意不能用wh
40、ere代替 that, 同样, 如果强调时间状语, 不能使用when。【名师点津】强调句型知多少(1)强调句型中的it 不能用其他词代替。(2)用is 还是was 要根据原句的时态而定: 属于现在或将来时间范畴的所有时态用is; 属于过去时间范畴的所有时态用was。(3)被强调部分指人时, 可以用who 代替that, 其他情况一律用that。如果强调时间状语不能用 when 代替 that, 同样, 如果强调地点状语, 不能使用 where。(4)判断句子是否为强调句型的方法: 去掉it is/was 与that/who, 剩余部分若结构完整、句意明确, 则为强调句型, 否则就不是。【即学活
41、用】(1)语法填空。You are waiting at a wrong place. It is at the hotel that the coach picks up tourists. It is my father that/who will have a face-to-face talk with me. It was when I got back to my apartment that I first came across my new neighbors. It was because of their help that a disaster was avoided.
42、 (2)父母关心的是孩子的安全。(强调宾语)It is childrens safety that parents are concerned about. 【要点拾遗】1. distribution n. (商品的)分销, 经销; 分配; 分布; 分发; 分送*After I went on TV, a major Asian manufacture of cosmetics was willing to purchase my product and help with its distribution. 我上电视后, 一家亚洲主要化妆品制造商愿意购买我的产品并帮助其分销。*Some of
43、 the victims are complaining loudly about the uneven distribution of emergency aid. 其中一些灾民大声地抱怨紧急援助物资分配不均。*The key focus of the marketing mix will be on price and distribution. 营销组合的重点将放在价格与配送上。*The organization distributed food to the earthquake victims. 这个机构向地震灾民分发了食品。distribute v. 分发; 分配; 分销; 使散开
44、; 使分布; 分散distribute. . . among. . . 在之间分发【即学活用】语法填空。(1)The map shows the distribution (distribute)of this species across the world. (2)The money was distributed among schools in the area. 2. guidance n. 指导; 引导; 导航*She advises that people be realistic and seek guidance from expert consultants before
45、rushing into things. 她建议人们实事求是, 在仓促行事之前, 先征求专家顾问的意见。*The guidance systems didnt work and the missile couldnt hit its target. 导航系统失灵, 导弹未能命中目标。*We hired a local guide to get us across the mountains. 我们雇了一名当地人做向导带领我们翻山越岭。*She guided us through the busy streets to the cathedral. 她带领我们穿过繁忙的街道去大教堂。guiden
46、. 指南; 导游, 向导 vt. 指导; 引路under ones guidance在某人的指导下【即学活用】 完成句子。(1)Under his sisters guidance(在他姐姐的指导下), he completed my project. (2)When the meeting was over, the secretary guided the new worker to(带领这名新员工到)the managers office. (3)There is a tour guide(一名导游) on every bus. (4)The stranger guided me thr
47、ough (带领我穿过)the noisy street. 3. A few, like Zhang Yue, find themselves lucky enough to get investment and the all-important input and support from more experienced business people. 像张月这样的少数人发现自己很幸运, 能够从拥有更多经验的商人那里获得投资和重要的投入和支持。【句式解构】本句为“find + 宾语+宾语补足语”结构, 表示“发现处于某种状态”。*Mary hurried there, only to
48、find them out. 玛丽匆匆赶到那里, 结果却发现他们都出去了。 *When he woke up, he found himself in hospital. 当他醒来时, 发现自己在医院里。 *I found a number of people already working there. 我发现很多人已经在那里工作了。 *The old man found his hometown much changed. 这位老人发现自己的家乡有了很大的变化。【名师点津】“find+宾语+宾语补足语”结构, 表示“发现处于某种状态”, 宾语补足语可由名词/形容词/副词/介词短语/现在分词
49、/过去分词充当。若宾语与宾语补足语之间为主动关系, 要用doing作宾语补足语, 若为被动关系, 则用done。类似的能接名词/形容词/副词/介词短语/现在分词/过去分词作宾语补足语的还有: keep/leave/+宾语+宾语补足语使. . . 处于某状态with+宾语+宾语补足语, 宾语补足语还可以用to do表示动作尚未发生。【即学活用】(1)语法填空。We went home, finding our pet dog fixing (fix)its eyes on an insect. To improve our linguistic skills, many of us have t
50、o endure hours of school lessons or evening classes, with our heads buried (bury) in textbooks. (2)You will find her a beautiful girl. 你会发现她是一个漂亮的女孩。(3)The cup was found broken. 杯子被发现破了。4. She advises that people be realistic and seek guidance from expert consultants before rushing into things. 她建议人
51、们实事求是, 在仓促行事之前, 先征求专家顾问的意见。【句式解构】此句为advise后跟从句用虚拟语气即“(should+)动词原形”。【名师点津】后跟名词性从句, 从句谓语用“(should+)动词原形”的动词: 一个“坚持”(insist); 两道“命令”(order, command); 四条“建议”(suggest, propose, advise, recommend); 四点“要求”(demand, desire, request, ask)。【即学活用】(1)语法填空。The workers in the factory demanded that their pay be ra
52、ised (raise)by 20 percent. He advised his grandma that she ( should)make (make)good use of her spare time. (2)The doctor demanded that Mary (should)keep a balance between work and play(在工作和玩耍之间保持平衡). 1. The Mini AI Teacher with support for offline translations will be available for purchase with a s
53、tarting price of 499RMB. 这款迷你AI老师起售价499元人民币, 支持离线翻译。2. More than 20, 000 Facebook employees had searchable access to those accounts. The investigation is ongoing, but already the company has found vulnerable data that dates back to 2012, writes Krebs. 超过2万名Facebook员工可以搜索访问这些账户。这项调查仍在进行中, 但是该公司已经发现了可
54、以追溯到2012年的易受攻击的数据, 克雷布斯写道。3. Lockdowns have been a controversial aspect of the COVID-19 pandemic. Yes, they undoubtedly save lives, but they also cause major ongoing economic issuesdisrupting industries, causing job losses and associated financial pain. 新冠疫情期间的居家隔离饱受争议。毫无疑问, 居家隔离能挽救生命, 但也会造成重大经济问题,
55、各行各业停摆, 造成失业和相关经济损失。4. The final result is a calorie-free sweetener without many of the concerns of both sugar and other sugar substitutes. 最终获得的甜味剂不含热量, 省去了对糖和糖替代品的诸多担忧。课时检测素养达标. 单句语法填空 1. You need a password to get access to the computer system. 2. They advise that a passport be carried (carry)wit
56、h you at all times. 3. She opened the box and looked at her purchases (purchase), which were appealing. 4. If a cook is found smoking (smoke), he will be fired. 5. It was not what he said but what he did that had an effect on me. 6. Our eyes fixed (fix)on her, she came in, with butterflies in her st
57、omach. 7. The company has gradually expanded its distribution (distribute)network to include Canada and Mexico. . 句型转换 1. We came to this small town, hoping to live a simple life. =We came to this small town in the hope of living a simple life. (介词短语作状语)2. I find that he is willing to learn English.
58、 =I find him willing to learn English. (find+宾语+宾语补足语)3. The minister advised him to leave as soon as possible. =The minister advised that he should leave as soon as possible. (虚拟语气)4. Because the water had risen, they could not cross the river. (转化成强调句型 ) It was because the water had risen that the
59、y could not cross the river. 5. In the presence of so many people he was little tense, and it was understandable. (which引导非限制性定语从句)In the presence of so many people he was little tense, which was understandable. . 完成句子 1. Their room was on the third floor, its window overlooking the sports ground. 他
60、们的房间在第三层楼上, 窗户俯视着操场。2. Criticized for many times, he still made the same mistake. 他被批评了很多次, 但还是犯了同样的错误。3. It was only after he had told me that I knew the truth. 只是在他告诉了我之后, 我才知道这个真相。4. When you see a studio quality photo, take a step back and do some more investigations. 当你看到工作室质量的照片, 退后一步, 做更多的调查。
61、5. He changed his mind again, which made us all angry. 他又改变了主意, 这使我们大家都生气了。. 结合课文主题使用本单元词汇与句型, 根据提示写一篇50词左右的短文 。1. 有许多年轻的创业者梦想着成功和独立。(dream of )2. 但我建议, 他们应该实事求是, 在急于求成之前先向专家顾问寻求指导。(advise的虚拟语气/rush into)3. 最重要的是, 不要太有野心, 要为一路上的挑战做好准备。(advice的虚拟语气/名词性从句)4. 我认为这些建议有助于他们成功。(contribute to)_There are ma
62、ny young entrepreneurs dreaming of success and independence. But I advise that they should be realistic and seek guidance from expert consultants before rushing into things. The most important advice is that they shouldnt be too ambitious and be prepared for the challenges along the way. I think these tips can contribute to their success.