1、Unit 6Space and beyondStarting out & Understanding ideas词汇积淀素养初探. 根据语境及汉语提示写出正确的单词1. lived an unexceptional(平常的) life2. cast a shadow(阴影) on3. scream(尖声大叫) at sb. /sth. 4. suspended(暂停) strike5. the officers and crew(全体机组人员)6. the space shuttle(航天飞机)7. ordinary excursion(短途出行). 选词填空set foot on, beco
2、me accustomed to, be aware of, take off, tune in, be about to, a sense of, on board, cast a shadow on, take ones place 1. Im afraid that somebody will take his place because of his serious mistakes. 2. All seven astronauts on board were killed. 3. Christa hoped to communicate a sense of excitement a
3、nd rekindle interest in the space programme. 4. The programme is tuned in to the tastes of young and old alike. 5. The scandal cast a shadow on his career. 6. I ask him whether he was disappointed to be the second person to set foot on the moon. 7. It was special because Christa McAuliffe aged 37, a
4、n ordinary teacher and mother, was about to become the first civilian in space. 8. We are aware of the potential problems and have taken every precaution. 9. I hate to say farewell, but my plane is about to take off. 10. The boy has become accustomed to speaking English in public. 阅读精研素养构建. 文本整体理解:
5、理清文章架构. 文本细节理解: 探寻语篇细节信息1. What were peoples feelings when people watched that first lunar landing? A. happyB. nervous C. amazed D. proud2. What can we infer from Para. 2? A. The challenger wasnt so attractive as the first lunar landing to people. B. Christa was the first to give lessons in space. C
6、. Before the 1980s, the space shuttle had appeared. D. The disaster made a difference to people. 3. What didnt happen after the disaster? A. Peoples attitude to space travel changed. B. Space shuttle flight were suspended for over 3 years. C. People succeeded in launching Discovery. D. The disaster
7、inspires people to continue space exploration. 4. What is the main idea of the last paragraph? A. The great people in space explorationB. The memory of the dead seven peopleC. The cause of the disasterD. The meaning of the disaster答案: 14. BABD. 文本素养提升: 阅读技能综合运用1. 根据课文语境与语句知识细致解构语句。(1)Millions watche
8、d that first lunar landing on black and white television sets, their hearts in their mouths, aware of(形容词短语作状语)how arduous and hazardous an undertaking it was(how引导的宾语从句), and of the many things that could go wrong(that引导的定语从句). 译文: 数以百万计的人在黑白电视机上观看了第一次登月, 他们心惊胆战, 意识到这是一项多么艰巨和危险的事业, 也意识到了许多可能出错的事情。(
9、2)Guided by a computer(过去分词短语作状语)that was much less powerful than the ones(that引导定语从句)used by todays average school students(过去分词短语作定语), all three astronauts of the Apollo 11 mission made it safely back to Earth. 译文: 阿波罗11号任务的三名宇航员在一台比现在普通学生使用的电脑功能要少得多的电脑的指引下, 安全返回地球。(3)The sacrifice of the Challeng
10、er calls to us, reminding us(非谓语动词短语作状语)that we must continue to reach for the stars(that引导的宾语从句), no matter how distant they might seem(now matter how 引导的让步状语从句). 译文: 挑战者的牺牲召唤着我们, 提醒我们, 无论星星看起来多么遥远, 我们都必须继续努力。2. 课文语法填空。Ever since Neil Armstrong first set foot on the Moon, people (1)have become(beco
11、me)accustomed to the notion of space travel. So when the Challenger space shuttle took off, the world seemed (2)to have lost(lose)its wonder at the amazing achievements of the astronauts involved. But this was going to be (3)no(not) ordinary excursion, and millions of people tuned in to witness the
12、take-off on TV. It was special (4)because an ordinary teacher was about to become the first civilian to give a lesson. (5)Tragically(tragic), the shuttle exploded with all seven astronauts on board were killed. It was the most disastrous space accident ever, and it cast a shadow on peoples hearts. (
13、6)Following(follow)the shock of the disaster, space shuttle flights were suspended (7)for nearly three years. But there was never any doubt (8)that manned flights would continue, and on 29 September 1988, the space shuttle programme resumed with the (9)successful(success)launch of Discovery. Althoug
14、h the lives of its crew were cut short, the (10)memory(memorize)of those seven will live forever, written in the stars, inspiring us to join them in humanitys greatest journey of exploration and discovery. 3. 阅读主题活动。(1)Why do you think people continue to explore space despite the risks? Because peop
15、le still believe in the significance of space exploration. (2)Would you like to go into space? Give your reasons. Yes, because I will have a whole new experience that most people dont have. I can also experience the high-tech by myself as well as the beautiful sight in the universe. 要点精研素养奠基1. becom
16、e accustomed to习惯于(做)某事*Ever since Neil Armstrong first set foot on the Moon back on 20 July 1969, people have become accustomed to the notion of space travel. 自从1969年7月20日尼尔阿姆斯特朗踏上月球以来, 人们已经习惯了太空旅行的概念。*Youre going to have to get used to bacon and eggs with a few slices of toast for breakfast over h
17、ere, Aunt Mei! 梅姨, 您得适应这里腌肉、鸡蛋加几片烤面包的早餐! *The shepherd was a person who was accustomed to having eight hours sleep a night. 这个牧羊人是一个习惯每晚睡八个小时的人。*I must get accustomed to the new job as soon as possible. 我必须尽快地适应新的工作。(1)be/become/grow/get accustomed to (doing)sth. 习惯于(做)某事(2)get/be used to (doing)sth
18、. 习惯于be used to do sth. 被用来做某事used to do sth. 过去常常做某事【即学活用】 语法填空I was accustomed to being (be)the only child at a table full of adults. She had not yet become accustomed to the fact that she was a rich woman. She used to live(live)with her parents, but now she is used to living (live)with her classm
19、ates at school. 2. unexceptional adj. 平常的*Following the Moon landings, space travel rapidly became unexceptional to the public, as innovations succeeded each other. 在登月之后, 太空旅行对公众来说很快就变得平常了, 因为创新接踵而至。*Since then, Michael has lived an unexceptional life. 自那以后, 迈克尔过着平淡的生活。*At the age of five the geniu
20、s showed exceptional talent as a musician. 这位天才在五岁时就表现出作为音乐家的非凡才能。*This deadline will be extended only in exceptional circumstances. 只有在特殊情况下才会延长最后期限。*Nobody had much money at the time and I was no exception. 那时候谁都没有很多钱, 我也不例外。unexceptional adj. 平常的exceptional adj. 杰出的; 罕见的exception n. 例外no exceptio
21、n 不例外 without exception毫无例外; 无一例外【即学活用】 语法填空(1)School governors have the discretion to allow parents to withdraw pupils in exceptional (exception)circumstances. (2)The problem of environmental protection affects all countries, and China is no exception. (3)You must all take the examination without e
22、xception. 3. cast a shadow on给蒙上阴影 *It was the most disastrous space accident ever, and it cast a shadow on peoples hearts. 这是有史以来最严重的太空事故, 给人们的心灵蒙上了阴影。*A researcher has now cast/throw light on the mystery of how the pyramids were built. 一位研究人员现在已经揭开了金字塔是如何被建造的神秘面纱。*The children were having fun, cha
23、sing each others shadows. 孩子们追逐着彼此的影子, 玩得很开心。*The new leader wants to escape from the shadow of his predecessor. 新任领导想要摆脱前任的影响。shadow n. 阴影, 坏影响 cast/throw light on使(某事)显得非常清楚; 阐明【易混辨析】shade/shadow shade n. 阴凉处, 背阴处 指树阴等遮挡阳光的阴凉之地, 无一定的轮廓。*Lets sit in the shade and keep cool. 我们坐在阴凉处乘凉吧。*These trees
24、supply shade in the summer. 夏天这些树提供一片阴凉。shadow n. 影子, 阴影 指人或物在光照下形成的影像, 有明显的轮廓。*The trees throw their shadows on the lake. 树在湖上投下了影子。*Suddenly, she saw the shadow of a man in the window. 突然, 她发现窗户上有个男子的人影。【即学活用】(1)语法填空The accident cast a shadow on the safety of Chinas fast expanding subway network.
25、(2)小时候树在湖上投下了奇怪的影子给他的心理蒙上阴影。As a child, the strange shadows that trees throw on the lake cast a shadow on his psychology. 4. suspend v. 暂停; 中止; 悬; 挂; 吊*Following the shock of the Challenger disaster, space shuttle flights were suspended for nearly three years. 在“挑战者”号灾难发生后, 航天飞机停飞了将近三年。*A lamp was s
26、uspended from the ceiling. 一盏吊灯悬挂在天花板上。*The athlete received a two-year suspension following a positive drug test, which was being looked into. 该运动员因药检结果呈阳性而被禁赛两年, 这件事正在调查中。suspensionn. 暂停; 中止【易混辨析】pause就是一般意义的暂停的意思; suspension有搁浅, 停职观察, 暂时停学观察的意思。【即学活用】语法填空(1)I think her suspension(suspend)from the
27、 team was a very harsh punishment. (2)Dave was suspended (suspend) from school for a week because he violates the school discipline too many times. 5. crew n. (轮船上和飞机上的)全体人员*Although the lives of its crew were cut tragically short, they take their place alongside the other heroes of space exploratio
28、n. 虽然机组人员的生命是悲惨短暂的, 但他们却与其他太空探索英雄们并肩而行。*The officers and crew prepared to abandon the vessel in an orderly fashion. 全体船员秩序井然地准备弃船。【名师点津】主谓一致的问题: audience/class/family/team/group/crowd/crew作主语(强调整体)+单数谓语动词+其他audience/class/family/team/group/crowd/crew作主语(强调个体)+复数谓语动词+其他【即学活用】语法填空(1)The class are(be)t
29、o play different parts in the play. (2)His audience mainly consists(consist)of football lovers. (3)The crew are(be)of different nationalities and have no common language. 6. She planned to give two 15-minute lessons from orbit: the first to demonstrate the controls of the spacecraft and explain how
30、gravity worked, and the second to describe the objectives of the Challenger programme. 她计划从轨道上讲两节15分钟的课程: 第一节演示航天器的控制并解释重力是如何工作的, 第二节介绍“挑战者”计划的目标。【句式解构】句子中 the first to demonstrate. . . /the second to describe. . . 为to do不定式作定语。* He was the last guest to arrive. 他是最后一个到达的客人。*Neil Armstrong was the f
31、irst to set foot on the moon. 尼尔阿姆斯特朗是第一个登上月球的人。*Miss Brown was the next person to rise to speak. 布朗小姐是下一个起来发言的人。【知识延伸】 1. 被修饰的名词前有the only, the next, the best, the first, the last以及有序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词时且所填的动词与所修饰的名词之间是主动关系时, 用不定式作后置定语。He was the first one to think of the idea. 他是第一个想到这一点的人。2. 只能以不定式作定语
32、的名词: ability, anxiety, attempt, curiosity, decision, desire, disposition, failure, freedom, inclination, obligation, offer, permission, plan, promise, refusal, reluctance, temptation, tendency, willingness, wish, yearning等表示愿望、企图、打算、能力等意义的词。Their decision to leave was very annoying. =Their decision
33、that they decided to leave was very annoying. 他们要走的决定叫人心烦。3. 被修饰的词语是something, nothing, anything等不定代词时, 只能用不定式作后置定语。There is nothing to worry about. 没有什么需要担心的事情。4. 当定语表示的是将来要做的事情时, 要用不定式作后置定语。The letter to be written is to my father. 这封即将要写的信是写给我的爸爸。【即学活用】(1)语法填空They have now an opportunity to go(go
34、)abroad to study further. I have nothing to say (say)on this question. He was the first man elected (elect)president. He is the first to win(win)the election. (2)The ability to tolerate pain varies from person to person. 对疼痛的忍受力因人而异。(3)They should be able to find you the best package to suit your ne
35、eds. 他们应该能提供满足你需要的最佳套餐。【要点拾遗】1. take off起飞; 脱下; 事业腾飞; 休假; 突然大受欢迎*When the Challenger space shuttle took off on 28 January 1986, the world seemed to have lost its wonder at the amazing achievements of the astronauts involved. 当“挑战者”号航天飞机于1986年1月28日升空时, 世界似乎已经对参与其中的宇航员的惊人成就失去了惊奇。*Many businesses start
36、ed up by college students have taken off. 许多由大学生创办的企业已经腾飞。*Mitchels schedule had not permitted her to take time off, but she still threw herself into her career. 米切尔的日程安排使她无法休假, 但她仍积极投入到自己的事业中去。He wouldnt take his hat off until the plane took off. 直到飞机起飞他才摘下帽子。take on承担; 呈现take in吸收; 理解; 欺骗take up从事
37、(职业); 占据(时间; 空间); 接受(挑战; 建议)take over接管; 继承【即学活用】语法填空(1)The chameleon(变色龙)can take on the colours of its background. (2)The table takes up too much room. (3)It is amazing that the teenager will take over the company next year. (4)Dont be taken in by his wordshe is a cheat. (5)If this sweater is not
38、comfortable, I suggest you take it off immediately. 2. scream v. (因疼痛, 惊恐, 兴奋等)尖声大叫; n. 尖叫*The Challenger had exploded in mid-air and we all started screaming. “挑战者”号在半空中爆炸了, 我们都开始尖叫。*People ran for the exits, screaming out in terror. 人们惊恐万状, 尖叫着奔向出口。*He screamed at me to stop. 他冲着我喊, 要我停下来。*While r
39、unning for his life, the suspect got hurt and let out a scream of pain. 在逃命途中, 嫌犯受伤了, 发出痛苦的尖叫。scream out 高声喊; 大声叫scream at 对大喊【易混辨析】cry: 一般指因恐惧、痛苦、惊奇等而喊叫。shout: 指有意识地高声喊叫, 常用于提出警告、发命令或唤起注意等。exclaim: 多指因高兴、愤怒、痛苦、惊讶等突发感情而高声喊叫。roar: 指发出大而深沉的声音、吼叫或咆哮。scream: 指因恐惧、快乐或痛苦而发出的尖叫声。yell: 多指求援、鼓励时的呼叫。也可指因外界因素刺
40、激而发出尖厉声音。call: 指大声说话或喊叫, 以引起某人的注意。【即学活用】 语法填空(1)He covered her mouth to stop her from screaming (scream). (2)I was screaming at them to get out of my house. (3)A man sleeps in his tent until he hears a scream of terror from outside. 3. The world went into shock, most people having assumed that this
41、space flight would be no more dangerous than travelling in an aeroplane. 世界震惊了, 大多数人认为这次太空飞行不会比乘飞机更危险。【句式解构】本句为no +比较级+than 和一样不。*This book is no more interesting than that one. 这本书和那本书一样令人不感兴趣。*John is no more diligent than Tom. 约翰和汤姆一样学习不勤奋。*The graduate is no more enterprising than Tom. 这个毕业生跟汤姆一
42、样没有进取心。*With his purse stolen, he is no richer than a beggar. 钱包被偷, 他穷如乞丐。【知识延伸】 “no +比较级+than”与“not +比较级+than”“no +比较级+than”用于否定两者, 表示“与一样不”, 其义大致相当于其中形容词或副词的反义词用于as. . . as. . . 结构。如: *This one is no better than that one. =This one is as bad as that one. 这个与那个一样不好。“not +比较级+than”的意思是“不比更”“不如”。如: *
43、He is not richer than you. 他不如你富有。*This one is not better than that one. 这个不如那个好。【即学活用】 一句多译他认为这个问题和那个一样不难。(1)He think this question is no more difficult than that one. (2)He think this question is not as difficult as that one. 4. It has now been over 30 years since the loss of Challenger. “挑战者”号失事已
44、经30多年了。【句式解构】本句为It is/has been+时间段+since. . . 自从已经多久了。*Its a thousand years since many ancient sculptures fell into ruin. 很多古代的雕塑已经毁了有一千年了。It has been almost five years since I taught high school students. 我不教高中已经有五年了。*It has been over 30 years since the exploration of the space shuttle. 自从这个航天飞机爆炸已
45、经30多年了。【知识延伸】 It is/ has been+时间段+since. . . 自从已经多久了It was (not )+时间段+before+一般过去时过了一段时间就It will (not )be+时间段+before +一般现在时要过一段时间才会It was+点时间+when. . . It was+时间状语+that. . . (强调句型) It is 3 years since he worked here. =he left here. (since从句中的谓语动词若是延续性动词, 要从这个动作结束的时候算起)*It was not long before he sens
46、ed the danger of the position. 不久他就意识到他处境危险(动作已发生)*It will be half a year before you graduate from the school. 还有半年你才从这个学校毕业(动作未发生)*It was 3 oclock when they received the telephone. 他们接到电话时是3点钟。*It was at 3 oclock that they received the telephone. 他们是在3点钟接到电话的。【即学活用】 语法填空(1)It is three years since I
47、 joined the Party. (2)It will be years before we meet again. (3)It was five oclock when he got home. (4)It was at midnight that he arrived home yesterday. 1. Another includes experimental aircraft, such as the X-37, a cut-down, unmanned descendant of the space shuttle. 另一项计划则包括研制诸如X-37这样的实验飞机, 它是美国航
48、天飞机的简化及无人驾驶版本。2. But it does make Genghis Khan unexceptional for his time rather than some bloodthirsty savage. 但却能证明成吉思汗是当代的普通者, 而不是一个只会杀戮的野人。3. But, in the shadow of George Floyds death at the hands of Minneapolis Police Officers, a question persistshow are the shows we are writing contributing to
49、 perceptions of the justice system, class, race and the image of black men? 但是乔治弗洛伊德死在一名明尼阿波利斯警察手中给社会造成了阴影, 因而出现了一个问题: 我们创作的影视作品能怎样影响人们对司法系统、阶级、种族和黑人形象的看法? 4. Then shed set up her equipment. Play the fearsome scream of a red-tailed hawk. 然后, 她架起自已的设备, 播放红尾鹰可怕的尖叫声。5. The citizens will be carried by S
50、paceXs Crew Dragon spacecraft, which was developed to transport NASA astronauts. 游客会由SpaceX的载人“龙号”飞船承载。该飞船的研发是为了运送美国宇航局(NASA)的宇航员。课时检测素养达标. 单句语法填空1. However, instead of devoting themselves to their work, they find themselves working to support the lifestyle which they have so quickly become accustom
51、ed to. 2. It wasnt until her friend was badly hurt that Kerry became aware of her habit of finding fault. 3. Typically, more than three-quarters of Chinese households with televisions tune in to the talk show. 4. No man has ever set foot on that rocky island, its impossible to land there. 5. What ha
52、d happened cast a shadow on his childhood. 6. It has been ten years since I became a teacher. 7. The first student to take(take)part in the activity will be awarded a prize. 8. He was about to make(make)a getaway when the policeman arrested him. 9. When the group got to the airport, the plane had ta
53、ken off. 10. After graduation, the graduate gained the ability to communicate (communicate)with customers sincerely. . 句型转换1. Because his wallet had been stolen, he didnt know what to do next. =His wallet having been stolen, he didnt know what to do next. (独立主格)2. It seems that they have lost their
54、desire for life. =They seem to have lost their desire for life. (seem to have done)3. He was the first man who set foot on the moon. =He was the first man to set foot on the moon. (the+序数词+to do不定式作定语)4. The film is not as wonderful as The Wandering Earth. =The film is no more wonderful than The Wan
55、dering Earth. (no+比较级+than)5. Because he was devoted to reading novels, he didnt notice me come in. =Devoted to reading novels, he didnt notice me come in. (形容词短语作状语). 完成句子1. I seem to have involved myself in something I dont understand. 我似乎卷入了一件我并不知情的事情当中。2. It has been a few decades since the comp
56、uter came into being. 自从计算机问世以来已经有几十年的时间了。3. The first applicant to come was no more active than the last one to come. 第一个来的应聘者和最后一个来的应聘者一样不积极。4. The plane having taken off, his parents left the airport. 飞机起飞后, 他的父母就离开了机场。5. On setting foot on the new country, he was aware that it would be hard to b
57、ecome accustomed to living here. 一踏上这个新的国家后, 他就意识到习惯这里的生活是困难的。. 结合课文主题使用本单元词汇与句型, 根据提示写一篇50词左右的短文1. 1969年7月20日, 尼尔阿姆斯特朗第一次踏上月球, 人们胆战心惊地观看着。 (set foot on/独立主格)2. 但“挑战者”号航天飞机起飞时, 人们似乎对这惊人的成就失去了好奇。(take off/独立主格)3. 然而, 伴随着“发现”号的发射, 载人飞行再次继续。(非谓语动词短语作状语)4. “挑战者”号的灾难激励着我们, 提醒着我们继续进行太空探索。(非谓语动词短语作状语)Neil
58、Armstrong first set foot on the Moon back on 20 July 1969, people watching it with their hearts in their mouths. But the Challenger space shuttle taking off, people seemed to have lost their wonder at the amazing achievements. However, following the launch of Discovery, manned flights continued again. The Challenger disaster inspires us, reminding us to continue the space exploration.